养老机构高龄老人生活满意度及主观幸福感调查分析

目的为了解养老机构高龄老人生活满意度和主观幸福感状况及影响因素,寻找增进养老机构老年人健康,提高生活质量的对策。方法采用生活满意度量表、纽芬兰纪念大学主观幸福度量表、日常生活能力量表及自制的一般情况调查表对九江两所养老机构中80岁以上的86名老年人进行调查。结果86名老年人幸福感均分（29.88±12.76）分,生活满意度得分（22.26±8.46）分。日常生活能力、睡眠状况、自评健康状况等是生活满意度和主观幸福感的影响因素,生活满意度与主观幸福感之间有着极其显著的正相关关系。结论养老机构高龄老年人主观幸福惑和生活满意度较高。但在工作中关注老年人身体健康的同时,还应加强社会、家庭对老年人的关爱和支持。     

新疆石河子市养老机构老年人生活质量及其影响因素调查

目的：了解石河子市养老机构老年人生活质量及影响因素。方法：采用问卷调查法,应用简明键康调查量表（sF-36）,在石河子市11家养老机构进行随机抽样调查。结果：SF-36量表测得石河子市养老机构老年人的生活质量加权总平均分为56．57±19．71。影响因素分析结果显示：自理能力、居住意愿、智力状况、性别、对养老院满意度、退休前职业、健康变化是影响老年人生活质量的主要因素。结论：养老机构老年人的生活质量得分较低者所占比重大,机构老年人是一个特殊群体,老年人的生活质量受到多种因素的影响,需要个体、机构、家庭、社会的多方面关注。     

温州市迁移老人生活满意度及影响因素分析

目的:了解"迁移老人"迁移后的生活满意度现状及其影响因素。方法:用便利取样的方法对温州市9个社区301名迁移老人用自行设计的"迁移老人生活现状调查问卷"进行调查。结果:迁移老人迁移后生活满意度较迁移前有所提高,差异有统计学意义(<0.01)。二元logistic回归分析显示,婚姻状况、文化程度、自感寂寞程度、自评健康状况、自评经济状况、主动与人交往情况,是影响迁移老人生活满意度的主要因素。结论:随子女迁移养老相对留守故乡空巢养老是一种较好的养老方式,社会、家庭及迁移老人自己应共同努力来提高迁移老人生活满意度,其中迁移老人自身的努力将发挥重要作用。     

南通市老年人养老意愿影响因素分析

目的:了解南通市老年人的养老意愿,分析其影响因素,为政府及相关部门制定应对老龄化策略提供参考依据。方法:采用目的抽样方法,对南通市区6个街道12个居委会中729名65岁及以上老人进行问卷调查。结果:29.8%的老年人选择机构养老;年龄、子女数、收入、自评健康状况、与子女一起生活意愿程度、机构养老的接受程度对老人的养老意愿有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:居家养老仍是大部分老年人的养老方式,而随着老龄人口比例不断攀升及家庭规模小型化的发展趋势,机构养老的需求量随之增加,政府应加大投入,调整床位结构,解决养老床位供需失衡问题。     

养老院老年人生活质量的现状研究

目的：调查沈阳市养老院老年人生活质量的现状,研究影响老年人生活质量的因素。方法：用分层随机抽样法选取沈阳市5所公办养老院老年人及居家老年人各160名,对符合入选条件者使用问卷调查,问卷包括老年人一般情况表和老年人生活质量评定表。结果：调查结果显示,影响沈阳市养老院老年人生活质量的主要因素包括：身体健康状况、智力水平、社会活动参与情况;通过与居家老人生活质量的比较,发现养老院老人的身体健康状况、心理健康状况及社会活动参与情况均低于居家老人。结论：与居家老年人相比,沈阳市养老院老年人生活质量还需进一步提高。同时也提出了提高养老院老年人生活质量的对策建议,供养老行业管理部门参考。     

重庆部分农村老年人心理健康状况调查分析

目的 探讨重庆市农村老年人的心理健康水平及影响因素.方法 于2010年12月至2011年1月在重庆市石柱县、璧山县随机抽取32个村民小组为调查点,以农村村民小组为抽样单位,以60～89岁老年人为调查对象,采用症状自评量表(90项自评清单,SCL-90)作为评定工具,对老年人心理健康状况进行调查.结果 女性SCL-90评分高于男性(P＜0.05).70岁以上老人的强迫因子评分高于60～69岁的老人(P＜0.05).农村家庭养老的老人SCL-90阳性检出率高于农村机构养老的老人(P＜0.05).结论 养老方式和对健康的评价是影响农村老年人心理健康水平的主要因素.     

贵州省养老现状及对机构养老需求的调查研究

目的：了解贵州省养老现状及对机构养老需求。方法：采用自设问卷在全省九个地区选择43个县,对60岁以上老人进行问卷调查,数据用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果：受调查的2004名老人中,与家人同住者67%,独居25.5%,社区养老4.8%,机构养老2.6%。老年人中愿意入住养老院者37.27%,不愿意者40.22%。经多元逐步回归分析,影响老年人养老方式的主要因素有健康状况、子女数、对家人赡养满意度及有无医保。影响入住养老院意愿的主要因素有年龄、子女数、收入、职业、有无医保、对家人赡养满意度等。结论：贵州省老年人养老方式以家庭养老为主,社区养老及机构养老程度低,应加强社会养老体系建设。     

上海市老年人生活满意度及影响因素的调查分析

目的 了解上海市老年人生活满意度及其影响因素。方法 采用随机抽样的现况调查方法对上海市闸北区和普陀区823名老年人进行问卷调查和相关体格检查。结果 在调查的823名老年人中对生活感到满意的占68．7％；生活满意度受多种因素的影响，多因素分析显示健康自评、婚姻状况、家庭关系、经济收入、负性事件、孤独感是影响生活满意度的主要因素。结论 改善老年人的物质生活与精神生活是提高老年人生活满意度的根本措施。     

贵阳市城区老年人生活质量研究

目的：探讨城市老年人生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法：在贵阳市城区采用整群抽样方法,用标准量表调查了966名60岁及以上的老年人。结果：慢性病的患病率为57.8％,ADL和IADI损害率分别为9．4％和23．2％,LSIA平均得分为29．85分,53．7％的人经历过负性事件,23．2％的老年人社会支持程序相对较低。多因素分析结果表明,年龄、收入状况、健康自评、慢性病、日常生活功能、负性生活事件、社会支持程序等与老年人生活质量高度关联。结论：老年人生活质量受较多因素影响,有必要采取综合措施来改善他们的整体健康水平,从而提高其生活质量。     

吉安市城区老年人健康及心理状况横断面调查与研究

目的了解老年人的健康及心理状况,探索不同养老模式下老年人的健康与养老状况差异和可能的影响因素。方法对常住于江西省吉安市,年龄在60岁以上的老年人群,无明显智力障碍、失忆和老年痴呆等数据采集影响因素者进行问卷调查。结果在628例被调查者中,平均惠慢性病1．24种（79．6％患有1种或1种以上,其中11．5％同时患有3种）,居家养老高于机构养老（P〈0．05）。有40．1％感觉到孤独,4．5％感觉不幸福,1．9％对居住环境不满意。结论老年人心脑血管疾病患病率高,男性和丧偶老年人群感觉睡眠不佳,女性及民营机构老人的孤独感较为明显。     

养老机构老年人跌倒效能及其影响因素研究

背景　害怕跌倒在养老机构和住院老年人中发生率高。由于害怕跌倒,老年人会自我强加活动限制,形成久坐不动的生活方式,从而使其身体功能下降,增加跌倒、社会隔离、焦虑、抑郁以及住院的发生。目的　调查成都市养老机构老年人跌倒效能现状及其影响因素。方法　2017年8—9月,采用便利抽样法,应用一般资料问卷、修订版跌倒效能量表、Barthel指数评定量表、老年人跌倒环境安全因素评估表和健康调查 12 条简表（SF-12）对成都市3所养老机构的300名老年人进行问卷调查。采用多元线性逐步回归分析养老机构老年人跌倒效能的影响因素。结果　回收有效问卷278份,有效回收率为92.7%。老年人跌倒效能得分为（106.62±34.22）分。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示：过去1年内有无跌伤史、日常生活中有无活动限制、有无老伴一同入住养老机构、24 h睡眠时间、Barthel指数得分、老年人跌倒环境安全因素评估表的室内卫生间维度评分及SF-12的躯体健康评分和心理健康评分是其跌倒效能的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　成都市养老机构老年人的跌倒效能处于中等水平,可针对不同的老年人制定相应的干预措施,以提高其跌倒效能,从而预防跌倒。     

西安市养老机构老年人生活事件与心理健康的关系

目的：了解西安市养老机构老年人生活事件的发生情况及其对老年人心理健康的影响.方法：采取生活事件调查表和简明健康测量量表（SF-36）对随机整群抽样的16所养老机构内462名60岁及以上老年人进行评估.结果：收回有效问卷440份,其中2年内有59.1%的老年人曾遭遇过生活事件;有27.7%曾遭遇2种以上生活事件.SF-36心理健康情感职能（RE）、社会功能（SF）、活力（VT）、精神健康（MH）等4个维度的总分均值为287.9±71.8;2年内遭遇健康恶化、经济困难、财物损失、不愉快经历、亲友冲突的老年人,其心理健康水平较差（P〈0.05）.线性回归分析结果显示,健康恶化、经济困难、不愉快经历是影响其心理健康的重要危险因素.结论：遭遇生活事件尤其是负性生活事件可严重影响老年人的心理健康;健康恶化、经济困难、不愉快经历是促进老年人心理健康的重点干预内容.     

护生人际容纳特点及影响因素的初步研究

目的：了解护生的人际容纳现状、特点及影响因素。方法：采用一般资料问卷、容纳他人及被他人容纳感量表、自尊量表和一般自我效能感量表对288名本、专科护生实施调查。结果：护生人际容纳得分为72．68±9．75分;自尊、一般自我效能感均与人际容纳呈正相关;多元回归显示,自尊、一般自我效能感和学历层次是人际容纳的三个影响因素。结论：护生人际容纳水平较低,护理教育者应立足于改变可控的影响因素,提高其人际容纳水平。     

本科护生从事老年志愿者服务和老年护理工作的意愿分析

目的:探讨本科护生从事老年志愿者服务和老年护理工作的意愿及影响因素,为完善老年护理人才培养提供参考.方法:整群抽取在校本科护生500名,采用从事老年志愿者服务和从事老年护理工作的意愿、促进和阻碍因素、从事老年志愿者服务类型问卷进行调查.结果:74.6%的护生愿意参加老年志愿者服务,40.4%的护生愿意从事老年护理工作.是否愿意和老年人相处、是否喜欢护理专业是影响护生从事老年志愿者服务和老年护理工作的因素(P<0.01).护生愿意参加的老年志愿者服务类型,排在前3位的是关怀访视、文娱活动、医疗咨询服务.促进护生从事老年志愿者服务的主要因素为对志愿者活动感兴趣、帮助弱势群体、为社会做贡献、对志愿者活动的认知和态度.促进护生从事老年护理工作的主要因素是与老年人的相处经历、发展前景好和对老年人的态度.结论:护生从事老年志愿者服务的意愿高于从事老年护理工作,热爱护理专业、愿意和老年人相处的护生是从事老年志愿者服务和老年护理工作的主要潜在资源.     

Incidence of nursing home placement in a defined community

OBJECTIVE: To assess cumulative incidence and non-cognitive factors predicting nursing home placement in a defined older population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Six-year follow-up of a population-based cohort living west of Sydney. PARTICIPANTS: 3654 non-institutionalised residents aged 49 years or older (82.4% of those eligible) participated in baseline examinations during 1992 to 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Permanent nursing home admission for long-term institutionalised aged care in New South Wales, confirmed by records of approvals by the regional Aged Care Assessment Team and subsidy payments by government. RESULTS: After excluding 384 participants who moved from the area or were lost to follow-up, 162 participants (5.0%) had been admitted to nursing homes on a permanent basis by October 1999. Of participants who died since baseline, 20% had been admitted to a nursing home before death. Of those alive, 1.6% were current nursing home residents. Six-year cumulative incidence rates for nursing home placement were 0.7%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 3.9%, 9.0%, 18.3% and 34.9% for people aged 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 and 85 years or older, respectively. Non-cognitive factors at baseline predicting subsequent nursing home admission included each additional year of age (risk ratio [RR], 1.14), fair or poor compared with excellent self-rated health (RR, 2.9, 3.6), walking difficulty (RR, 3.6) and current smoking (RR, 1.9). People owning their homes had a decreased likelihood of nursing home placement (RR, 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates of institutional aged care doubled for each five-year interval from the age of 60 years. A range of non-cognitive factors predict nursing home placement.     

本科与专科护生评判性思维能力现状及影响因素分析

目的:调查本科和专科护生评判性思维能力现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:整群抽取本科和专科护生共500名进行问卷调查。调查工具包括一般情况调查表和中文版评判性思维能力测量表。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析护生评判性思维能力的影响因素。结果:本科护生评判性思维能力总分为（254.33±9.11）分,专科护生评判性思维能力总分为（227.53±8.88）分,本科护生评判性思维能力的7个维度评分及总分均明显高于专科护生（P<0.01）。护生评判性思维能力的主要影响因素为性格类型、是否参加学校社团活动和教师是否运用仿真模拟教学（P<0.05~P<0.01）。结论:本科和专科护生具备正性评判性思维能力,但总体处于中等偏下水平。     

Multiple antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes

CONTEXT: Infections caused by ceftazidime sodium-resistant gram-negative bacteria that harbor extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are increasing in frequency in hospitals in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To report a citywide nursing home-centered outbreak of infections caused by ESBL-producing gram-negative bacilli and to describe the clinical and molecular epidemiology of the outbreak. DESIGN: Hospital-based case-control study and a nursing home point-prevalence survey. Molecular epidemiological techniques were applied to resistant strains. SETTINGS: A 400-bed tertiary care hospital and a community nursing home. PATIENTS: Patients who were infected and/or colonized with ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or both and controls who were admitted from nursing homes between November 1990 and July 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and epidemiological factors associated with colonization or infection by ceftazidime-resistant E coli or K pneumoniae; molecular genetic characteristics of plasmid-mediated ceftazidime resistance. RESULTS: Between November 1990 and October 1992, 55 hospital patients infected or colonized with ceftazidime-resistant E coli, K pneumoniae, or both were identified. Of the 35 admitted from 8 nursing homes, 31 harbored the resistant strain on admission. All strains were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamicin, and tobramycin; 96% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 41% to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. In a case-control study, 24 nursing home patients colonized with resistant strains on hospital admission were compared with 16 nursing home patients who were not colonized on hospital admission; independent risk factors for colonization included poor functional level, presence of a gastrostomy tube or decubitus ulcers, and prior receipt of ciprofloxacin and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In a nursing home point-prevalence survey, 18 of 39 patients were colonized with ceftazidime-resistant E coli; prior receipt of ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and presence of a gastrostomy tube were independent predictors of resistance. Plasmid studies on isolates from 20 hospital and nursing home patients revealed that 17 had a common 54-kilobase plasmid, which conferred ceftazidime resistance via the ESBL TEM-10, and mediated resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and tobramycin; all 20 isolates harbored this ESBL. Molecular fingerprinting showed 7 different strain types of resistant K pneumoniae and E coli distributed among the nursing homes. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing home patients may be an important reservoir of ESBL-containing multiple antibiotic-resistant E coli and K pneumoniae. Widespread dissemination of a predominant antibiotic resistance plasmid has occurred. Use of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics and probably poor infection control practices may facilitate spread of this plasmid-mediated resistance. Nursing homes should monitor and control antibiotic use and regularly survey antibiotic resistance patterns among pathogens.     

Nursing dependency in registered nursing homes and long term care geriatric wards in Edinburgh

There has been growing interest and public investment in registered nursing homes, apparently based on the assumption that these homes are the private equivalent of hospital long term care. We have tested this hypothesis in a survey comparing 400 patients in 18 registered nursing homes with 217 patients in 11 geriatric long term care wards in Edinburgh. The nursing home patients formed a distinct and separate group: 362 (92%) were women, 392 (98%) were single or widowed, and 358 (90%) were self financing, whereas in the geriatric long term care group 148 (68%) were women and 35 (16%) were still married. Patients in nursing homes were also far less dependent than those in geriatric long term care wards (p less than 0.005). This study suggests that there may be large differences between the patients in these two types of institution, particularly with regard to nursing dependency. This finding has important implications in the future planning of long term places for the dependent elderly.