情景模拟教学在本科见习医生医患沟通技能中的应用

目的　探索情景模拟教学在牙体牙髓专业临床见习教学中的应用效果。方法　选择新疆医科大学2015级口腔医学专业本科生,分为两组,试验组（28人）采用情景模拟教学,对照组（27人）采用传统教学。对考核成绩及教学效果进行分析评价。应用SEGUE量表评价教学效果。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行独立样本t检验。结果　试验组理论考核成绩（91.31±3.37）优于对照组（87.93±4.28）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。SEGUE量表评分,试验组教学前后沟通能力评分分别为（9.07±3.37）和（21.86±2.47）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对照组教学前后沟通能力评分分别为（8.85±3.43）和（15.67±2.87）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组教学效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　通过情景模拟教学可以向学生传授良好的医患沟通技巧,从而促进理论与实践的结合,对于提高学生未来临床实践沟通技能具有积极的影响。     

可视喉镜联合支气管封堵器与双腔支气管导管在胸科手术麻醉气管插管规范化培训教学中的应用

目的　探讨可视喉镜联合支气管封堵器与可视喉镜联合双腔支气管导管对麻醉专业住院医师规范化培训学员在胸外科气管插管教学中的应用。方法　将住院医师规范化培训的学员分为对照组和试验组进行临床教学,每组25人。试验组采用可视喉镜联合支气管封堵器,对照组采用可视喉镜联合双腔支气管导管。比较两组插管时间、纤支镜定位时间、插管即刻患者血流动力学变化程度、插管成功率、术后并发症发生率及学员考核成绩。采用GraphPad Prism 6.0软件进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　试验组学员气管插管时间[（95.3±10.1）vs.（137.5±13.5）]和定位时间[（100.8±11.7）vs.（155.4±15.3）]均短于对照组（P<0.001）,试验组学员插管即刻患者血流动力学变化小（P<0.001）、插管成功率高（92% vs. 68%）（P<0.001）、并发症低（P<0.001）、学员考核成绩高（P<0.001）。结论　胸外科手术麻醉教学中气管插管时应用支气管封堵器比双腔支气管导管更能缩短气管插管时间,降低患者插管时血流动力学变化,减轻并发症发生率,以及提高气管插管成功率和增强学员自信心。     

3D打印模型在髋关节翻修临床教学中的应用

目的　评估3D打印模型在髋关节翻修临床教学方面的效果,改进教学质量。方法　选取北京大学第三医院进行外科专业规范化培训的学员50名,分为对照组和试验组,每组各25人。对照组采用传统教学,试验组采用3D打印模型辅助教学。培训结束后,对两组成员进行专业理论测试和教学评估问卷调查,并对两组学员的专业理论测试成绩、教学满意度和学习兴趣做统计学分析。采用SPSS 18.0进行t检验。结果　试验组学生的专业理论笔试成绩（84.60±5.76）分高于对照组（78.20±6.90）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组学生的教学满意度[（4.72±0.46）vs.（4.28±0.61）]和学习兴趣[（4.76±0.44）vs.（4.28±0.54）]均优于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　3D打印模型辅助教学能有效加深学生对髋关节结构的理解,提高教学质量,增强学习的积极性和主动性。     

翻转课堂结合Mini-CEX教学在专硕并轨研究生神经内科专业规范化培训中的应用

目的　探讨翻转课堂联合迷你临床评估演练（mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX）在临床医学专业学位硕士研究生临床能力培养中的应用。方法　选取2019年1月到2020年1月在陆军军医大学西南医院神经内科轮转的临床专硕并轨住院医师规范化培训学员32名,分为对照组和试验组,每组各16名。对照组按照传统住院医师规范化培训大纲计划进行;试验组在此基础上每2周采用1次Mini-CEX结合翻转课堂教学方法对学员进行阶段性评估,并督促学员查漏补缺。培训结束时评价学员出科理论成绩及临床综合能力（包括病史采集、体格检查、临床诊断、治疗方案、医德医风、医患交流、整体评价等7个方面）。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验。结果　培训结束时,试验组学员理论成绩（89.83±3.93）分同对照组学员（85.75±5.34）分相比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;临床综合能力方面,试验组学员除医德医风外,在病史采集、体格检查、临床诊断、治疗方案、医患交流、整体评价的得分均优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　翻转课堂联合Mini-CEX的培训方法应用于并轨研究生神经内科专业住院医师规范化培训中,提高了教学质量,增强了学生临床综合能力,值得推广。     

3D打印模型辅助网络教学在神经外科临床见习教学中的应用

目的　探讨3D打印模型辅助神经外科学网络课程教学的教学效果。方法　以76名见习学员作为研究对象,分为3D打印模型辅助网络教学组（试验组）和传统教学（对照组）。1个月网络教学结束后进行量化考核与教学满意度调查。采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行方差分析。结果　试验组学生的出科考试（理论与操作）成绩为（86.7±7.4）分,优于对照组的（78.2±8.2）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=5.56,P<0.01）。教学满意度调查显示,试验组在空间想象力自我评判（t=3.81,P<0.01)、加深对神经解剖的理解（t=5.29,P<0.01)、增加临床学习兴趣（t=5.12,P<0.01)这3方面的评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论　与现有网络教学方法相比,3D打印模型辅助网络教学有助于提高教学质量与学员满意度。     

多媒体互动式教学对老年病科住院医师的规培效果分析

目的　探讨多媒体互动式教学对老年病科住院医师的规培效果。方法　选取2019年10月至2020年10月在吉林大学第一医院实施规培的80名老年病科住院医师作为研究对象。以随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组,对照组采用传统教学,试验组采用多媒体互动式教学。规培3个月,对比两组规培后理论知识和临床技能考核成绩、规培前后综合能力以及对规培模式的满意度。采用统计学软件SPSS 26.00进行t检验。结果　两组理论知识考核成绩[（92.06±4.75）vs.（87.54±4.23）]与临床技能考核成绩[（89.63±4.28）vs.（80.09±4.13）]差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且试验组理论知识、临床技能考核成绩均高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组规培前思维能力、临床实践能力、科研能力、创新能力、医患沟通能力评分对比差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;规培后上述各项能力评分均有所提升（P<0.05）,且试验组各项能力评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。试验组在提高认知速度、提高理解力、增强记忆力、提高问题分析能力、激发学习兴趣、提升课堂参与度、知识拓展、培养批判思维、提高整体性临床思维、提高临床工作熟练度等方面的满意度均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　使用多媒体互动教学对老年病科住院医师实施规培,能提高规培医师的理论知识和临床技能考核成绩,提升规培医师综合能力,还能提高规培医师对规培模式的满意度。     

基于虚拟现实技术的微课在骨科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的　探究基于虚拟现实技术的微课在骨科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法　选择2019年12月至2020年8月在骨科进行规范化培训的40名学员,分为对照组和试验组,各20人。对相同的骨科教学内容,对照组接受常规骨科医师规范化培训,试验组接受基于数字化虚拟现实技术的微课教程。比较两组教学效果及学员对教学的反馈。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验。结果　与对照组学员相比,试验组学员理论知识成绩、手术理解成绩、临床技能操作成绩更优,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与对照组学员相比,试验组学员课堂兴趣满意度评分[（9.69±0.28）vs.（9.24±0.42）]、参与度评分[（4.38±0.43）vs.（4.03±0.62）]均更高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　针对骨科住院医师规范化培训,基于虚拟现实技术的微课教学相较于传统教学,更有利于提高学员的学习成绩、临床技能,增加住培过程中的趣味性与学员参与度。     

任务驱动教学法联合Sandwich教学法在口腔全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的　探讨任务驱动教学法联合Sandwich教学法在口腔全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法　将重庆医科大学口腔全科教研室的40名住院医师规范化培训的学员按抽样法随机分成试验组和对照组。试验组20名采取任务驱动教学法联合Sandwich教学法,对照组20名采取传统教学法。分别采用理论考核、技能考核和教学满意度调查的方式进行教学效果评价。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行t检验。结果　试验组理论考核成绩高于对照组[（85.85±25.61）vs.（74.35±10.53）],两组间比较差异有统计学意义（t=8.56,P<0.001）。试验组技能考核成绩高于对照组[（86.50±18.20）vs.（73.40±16.57）],差异有统计学意义（t=9.94,P<0.001）。教学满意度问卷调查结果显示：试验组较对照组在提高自主学习能力及学习兴趣、提高团队合作及人际意识、提高病例的诊断能力及研判的准确性、提高医患表达及沟通能力、提高发现问题和解决问题的能力、激发科研及教学兴趣、有助于口腔理论知识的掌握及理解等7个方面,自测能力评分均高于对照组（t值分别为10.40、10.40、9.95、5.43、7.66、8.08、9.60,P值均<0.001）,任务驱动教学法联合Sandwich教学法激发了学生学习兴趣,提高了其综合能力。结论　任务驱动教学法联合Sandwich教学法提高了口腔全科住院医师规范化培训的教学效果。     

微信结合TBL教学在康复治疗专业临床带教中的应用研究

目的 探讨微信结合TBL教学在康复治疗专业临床带教中的应用效果。方法 以我科实习的40名康复治疗专业学生为研究对象，分为对照组（n=20）和试验组（n=20）。对照组采用传统讲授式教学，试验组采用微信结合TBL教学。所有学生在临床实习轮转结束后统一进行出科考试及满意度调查。使用SPSS 26.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果 试验组出科考试成绩优于对照组[（74.3±4.9） vs. （62.4±5.2），P<0.001]，主要体现在病例分析[（18.3±2.1） vs. （15.2±1.9），P<0.001]、实践操作[（19.3±2.1） vs. （14.8±2.4），P<0.001]、医患沟通[（17.8±2.4） vs. （14.1±2.4），P<0.001] 3个方面。试验组实习生满意度调查总分优于对照组[（79.6±4.8） vs. （71.2±3.5），P<0.001]。结论 微信结合TBL教学能显著改善康复治疗专业临床带教教学效果，有利于提高学生病例分析、实践操作和医患沟通能力。     

基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学在儿科实习教学中的应用研究

目的　探讨基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学在儿科实习教学中的作用。方法　对本单位2019年1月至2020年10月接收的64名儿科实习生开展研究,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各组32名。对照组采用传统临床带教,试验组采用基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学。带教结束后,比较两组带教前后儿科相关理论知识和实践操作技能考核成绩、岗位胜任力情况及对带教的认可度。采用SPSS 26.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　带教后两组实习生儿科相关理论知识和实践操作技能考核成绩均高于带教前[（98.72±1.29）、（97.94±2.17）vs.（79.84±3.96）、（70.22±4.17）],且试验组上述成绩均高于对照组[（98.72±1.29）、（97.94±2.17）vs.（90.22±3.46）、（87.38±5.07）]（P<0.05）;带教后两组实习生临床诊疗能力、临床操作技能、自我学习与信息技术能力、医学人文素养方面的岗位胜任力评分均高于带教前,且试验组评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组对带教方式在激发学习兴趣、改善学习效果、提高医患沟通能力、提高临床思维能力、增强职业信心等方面的认可率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　在儿科实习带教中应用基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学,不仅可提高考核成绩和各方面的岗位胜任力,还可得到实习生的认可。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.