胎儿尿道下裂产前超声诊断及漏误诊分析

目的 探讨产前超声检查在胎儿尿道下裂诊断中的应用价值,分析产前超声诊断胎儿尿道下裂漏诊及误诊原因。方法 回顾性分析13例经临床证实或超声提示有胎儿尿道下裂畸形孕妇的产前超声检查结果,总结漏诊或误诊的原因。结果 13例胎儿尿道下裂畸形的患者中,产前超声诊断正确1例,误诊2例,漏诊9例,未知结果1例。结论 产前超声检查诊断胎儿尿道下裂有重要的临床应用价值,其漏诊及误诊受多种因素影响。     

产前超声对胎儿畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨产前超声对胎儿畸形的诊断价值,分析误诊、漏诊原因,以提高胎儿畸形的检出率。方法使用GE公司VOLUSON730Expert超声诊断仪,探头频率2~7MHz,经腹部多切面超声检查。本组胎儿均接受常规产前超声检查,随访引产或分娩后的结果,并与产前超声诊断进行对比分析。结果25例胎儿畸形中,产前超声准确诊断23例,诊断符合率为92%。1例大动脉转位漏诊,1例胎粪性腹膜炎误诊为肠梗阻。结论产前超声检查简便、无创,能早期发现胎儿畸形,是产前诊断的重要方法。     

胎儿下消化道及会阴部畸形超声筛查漏诊或误诊原因分析

目的：分析胎儿下消化道及会阴部畸形超声检查漏诊或误诊原因.方法：对17例经尸检、产后体检或手术病理证实的下消化道及会阴部畸形胎儿的产前超声检查图像进行分析,计算超声诊断的正确率,并分析漏诊或误诊的原因.结果：17例下消化道闭锁及会阴异常的病例中,产前超声检查检出并诊断正确11例,诊断正确率64.7％ （11/17）,误诊1例,漏诊5例;误诊1例是将外生殖器阴茎短小误诊为尿道下裂,漏诊的5例包括肛门闭锁无肛门合并直肠阴道瘘1例,肛门闭锁有肛门合并尿道下裂直肠尿道瘘1例,骶尾骨部分缺如合并肛门闭锁直肠阴道瘘1例,肛门闭锁合并尿道下裂及会阴直肠瘘1例,肛门闭锁有肛门中孕期检查未发现,晚孕期检查发现1例.结论：中孕期及晚孕期胎儿下消化道及会阴部畸形的漏诊或误诊的主要原因是检查者检查时不熟悉该检查部位结构特点,另外检查部位不易暴露及部分疾病有一定的发展过程.     

基层产前超声检查胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断价值

目的:探讨基层产前超声检查对胎儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的诊断价值。方法:采用左右室流出道、胎儿四腔心及三血管切面的四切面法观察胎儿心脏内部结构,以排查先天性心脏病。结果:经产前超声检查,2 277例胎儿心脏发育良好(余23例显示不良),其中诊断为CHD的胎儿53例,引产尸检或新生儿超声检查确诊47例,误诊6例,诊断准确率为88.7%;漏诊4例。产前超声检查对CHD的诊断敏感性为82.5%。结论:先天性心脏病采用产前超声检查具有方便快捷、安全可靠、准确率高等特点,对于早期发现CHD及优生优育具有十分重要的作用。     

超声心动图筛查胎儿室间隔缺损漏诊、误诊原因分析

目的：分析超声筛查胎儿室间隔缺损漏诊、误诊的原因,以降低漏诊、误诊率。方法：对8 066例孕妇进行产前胎儿心脏超声心动图检查,并与新生儿超声心动图检查及超声检查诊断畸形而引产的胎儿行尸体解剖的结果进行比较。结果：8 066例孕妇共检查出胎儿室间隔缺损32例,其中16例合并心脏其他畸形。漏诊8例,误诊3例。结论：超声心动图可以明确有无室间隔缺损,但仍存在漏诊和误诊,因此检查者应充分考虑造成漏诊、误诊的因素,提高检查技巧和水平,减少胎儿室间隔缺损的漏诊和误诊。     

产前系统超声检查在胎儿畸形诊断中的价值

目的探讨胎儿畸形的声像图改变及产前系统超声筛查的价值。方法回顾性分析产前超声诊断的胎儿畸形66例，并与分娩或引产结果进行对比。结果经分娩与引产证实，超声检出胎儿畸形62例，诊断符合率为93.94%；误诊1例（1.52%），漏诊3例（4.54%），误、漏诊率为6.06%。结论产前系统超声筛查胎儿畸形简便易行，对降低我国出生人口缺陷具有重要价值。     

Analysis of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis about prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal single umbilical arterial

目的 为了减少产前超声诊断胎儿单脐动脉(single umbilical artery,SUA)的漏诊及误诊发生率,探讨产前超声诊断胎儿SUA的要点及方法.方法 对我院2009年9月-2011年9月经产前超声诊断的110例胎儿SUA进行回顾性分析,分析漏诊及误诊的原因.结果 110例胎儿SUA中90例单纯单脐动脉,18例合并其他畸形,1例合并脐带囊肿,1例合并脐带假结.2例漏诊(1.8％),2例误诊(1.8％).结论 产前超声检查胎儿单脐动脉须仔细多节段检查,并结合彩色多普勒超声观察胎儿膀胱两侧,脐带胎盘入口及羊水中的脐带,可以减少SUA漏诊及误诊.     

三维超声联合观察腭线在早孕期诊断胎儿唇腭裂中的价值

目的 分析三维超声（three-dimensional ultrasonography，3DUS）联合观察腭线对早孕期胎儿唇腭裂的诊断价值。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年2月于赣州市妇幼保健院进行产前检查并分娩的8200例孕妇（8315例胎儿）为研究对象，孕妇均于早孕期接受二维超声、3DUS联合观察腭线检查，筛查唇腭裂情况，以引产或分娩后颜面部检查为金标准，分析3DUS联合观察腭线对早孕期胎儿唇腭裂的诊断价值。结果 8315例胎儿经引产或分娩后颜面部检查发现12例胎儿发生唇腭裂，发生率0.14%；其中单纯腭裂7例、唇腭裂5例。3DUS联合观察腭线检出唇腭裂15例，二维超声检出唇腭裂28例。3DUS联合观察腭线筛查早孕期胎儿唇腭裂与产后颜面部检查结果具有极好的一致性（Kappa=0.815）。3DUS联合观察腭线诊断早孕期胎儿唇腭裂的特异性、准确度、阳性预测值均高于二维超声（P<0.05）。结论 3DUS联合观察腭线诊断早孕期胎儿唇腭裂的价值较高，可提高诊断的特异性和准确度，且与产后颜面部检查结果的一致性极好。     

实时三维超声表面及透明成像模式诊断胎儿畸形的应用价值

目的探讨实时三维超声表面成像模式及透明成像模式技术联合应用在诊断胎儿畸形方面的应用价值。方法对658例妊娠16～38周的孕妇进行二维超声检查后,再进行三维超声检查。成像模式包括表面成像、透明成像。畸形病例存储3～5幅图像。将结果与引产或出生后的结果比较,采用四格表运算法分别进行计算实时三维超声及二维超声诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性。得出两种诊断结果的诊断符合率。结果本组对658例胎儿检查中,共有畸形胎儿19例。其中单部位畸形11例,多部位畸形10例,共有畸形30处。二维超声对病变部位判断正确者18处（70.0%）,漏诊9处,漏诊率30.0%。三维超声对病变部位判断正确者27处（90.0%）,漏诊3处,漏诊率10.0%。30处胎儿体表畸形的二维、三维超声诊断情况对比其中实时三维超声正确诊断胎儿畸形17例,假阴性2例,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89.4%、100%、99.7%。二维超声正确诊断胎儿畸形13例,假阴性6例,其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别68.4%、99.3%、97.1%。结论实时三维超声较二维超声相比可以提供更多的诊断信息,可提高胎儿畸形的确诊率,是产前检查胎儿畸形的有效方法。     

B型超声与彩色多普勒超声对胎儿脐带绕颈诊断价值的探讨

目的：比较B型超声(B超)与彩色多普勒超声(彩超)对胎儿脐带绕颈的诊断价值。方法：产前行常规B超或彩超检查，对疑有胎儿脐带绕颈的156例37—41周孕妇的超声检查结果与分娩结果进行对比分析。结果：二种检查方法诊断胎儿脐带绕颈的灵敏性和准确性分别为71．3％与98．4％、86．5％与97．2％。结论：在胎儿脐带绕颈的诊断中，彩超的敏感性和准确性均显高于B超(P＜0．05)。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.