托伐普坦的结构确证和晶型探讨

目的 验证所合成的化合物为目标产物托伐普坦,并通过X射线衍射技术探讨其晶型。方法 选择适宜的条件,培养出适合单晶X射线衍射分析的单晶体,对所得单晶数据进行结构解析,得到化合物的三维空间结构信息;同时通过单晶结构数据模拟获得化合物的粉末X射线衍射理论图谱,用于晶型研究。结果 单晶X射线衍射结构分析结果表明,合成的托伐普坦的化学结构、构型与文献报道完全一致;粉末X射线衍射理论图谱可作为晶型对照图谱使用,并进一步表明托伐普坦存在多晶型现象。结论 单晶X射线衍射分析法可准确测定内消旋托伐普坦的空间结构,充分证实了该药物合成结果的正确性,粉末X射线衍射理论图谱可为化合物的晶型研究提供有力支持。     

布南色林的单晶培养和结构确证

目的 培养布南色林的单晶,以验证所合成的化合物为布南色林。方法 通过温度、质量浓度、溶剂的考察,选择合适的条件,培养出大小适合X射线单晶衍射检测的布南色林单晶。结果 通过X射线单晶衍射测定,结果显示所得数据与文献报道一致,证明布南色林的化学结构正确。结论 采用本法可很好地获得大小适合X射线单晶衍射检测的布南色林单晶,并确证了其空间结构,提示合成的布南色林结构正确。     

罗氟司特N-氧化物的合成与晶型研究

对罗氟司特在体内的活性代谢物罗氟司特N-氧化物的合成进行了工艺改进,总收率为19%。通过X线粉末衍射、红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析及元素分析等方法确定了罗氟司特N-氧化物的晶型物Ⅰ和晶型物Ⅱ,并测定了一水合晶型物Ⅱ的X线单晶衍射结构。     

乌梅及乌梅炭的X射线衍射Fourier谱研究

目的建立乌梅生品、乌梅炒炭炮制品的X射线衍射Fourier谱。对不同炒炭程度的乌梅进行X射线衍射Fourier谱对比分析,研究炮制前后乌梅中可能存在的晶态物质及物相的变化。方法运用X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱法对乌梅以及不同炒炭程度的乌梅轻炭、乌梅标炭、乌梅重炭粉末及上述4种样品的溶剂提取物进行分析。结果乌梅及乌梅炭粉末X射线衍射图谱有差异,4种样品溶剂提取部位可见明显锐峰,对比显著。结论炒炭会改变乌梅中晶态物质结构。乌梅、乌梅炭粉末XRD图谱重现性好,均具指纹特征,可作为鉴别指标。经图谱分析,难现传统文献记载草酸钙晶体特征峰,但主衍射峰显著,提示有复杂结晶物存在。     

咪唑肟醚类衍生物的合成及其抗真菌活性

按文献报道采用立体选择性合成方法,合成了新抗真菌药物——Oxiconazole(奥昔康唑,4a),并对其合成中间体N-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰甲基)咪唑(2)的制备方法进行了改进。为通过结构改造获得抗真菌活性更强的化合物,我们合成了7个咪唑肟醚类衍生物(4b-g,7),其中6个系首次报道。合成产物经元素分析证明结构。体外抑菌试验表明化合物4a-g和7对多数菌株的抗菌活性强于克霉唑,且化合物4c具有抗曲霉菌活性,而Oxiconazole等其它眯唑肟醚类化合物则无此作用。化合物4a的结构经UV、IR、~1H-NMR、MS确证,并首次提供了其粉末X射线衍射图及数据。此化合物已用于临床试验,其对股癣的2周治愈率达94.10％,明显高于益康唑(84.24％,P<0.01)。     

两面针的化学成分和飞龙掌血酮内酯的晶体结构

目的 研究两面针Zanthoxylum nitidum的化学成分。方法 应用硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱分离化合物,通过化合物的理化性质和光谱数据(包括单晶X射线衍射)鉴定结构。结果 从两面针中分离得到7个化合物,分别为2个香豆素：飞龙掌血酮内酯(Ⅰ)和飞龙掌血内酯(Ⅱ);5个生物碱：6-甲氧基-5,6-二羟基两面针碱(Ⅲ)、白鲜碱(Ⅳ)、岩椒碱(Ⅴ)、茵芋碱(Ⅵ)和5-甲氧基白鲜碱(Ⅶ)。对化合物Ⅰ进行了单晶X射线衍射实验。结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到;首次得到化合物Ⅰ的单晶X射线衍射晶体结构数据。     

安神补心胶囊的X射线衍射Fourier谱分析

目的 鉴定和控制安神补心胶囊的质量和标准。方法 采用粉末X射线衍射Fourier图谱分析方法，给出安神补心胶囊的X射线衍射 Fourier图谱的几何拓扑图形及其衍射特征记峰值。结果 对2上厂家生产的各3批样品粉末X射线衍射 Fourier图谱分析能够表示中成药中全部成分的整体结构信息。结论 以此可以对安神补心胶囊实现质量的微观鉴定和控制。     

石韦的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定研究

目的 建立中药材石韦的新鉴定分析方法。方法 采用粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法。结果 通过对3个石韦对照品和17个石韦中药材进行实验、计算分析，获得了石韦的标准X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱及特征标记峰值。结论 表明X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法可用于中药材石韦的鉴定。     

清开灵制剂的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱分析

目的:建立中成药清开灵制剂鉴定分析的指纹图谱分析.方法:利用粉末X射线衍射Fourier图谱分析法,对不同厂家不同剂型的中成药进行分析.结果:获得不同厂家不同剂型的清开灵X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱,包括衍射图谱几何拓扑和衍射特征标记峰.结论:本方法可用于清开灵制剂的鉴定.     

"太白七药"植物群的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴别研究

目的应用X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱法,鉴定陕西独特药用植物群———“太白七药”。方法采用粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法,对陕西独特药用植物群中12个“太白七药”中药材的样品进行实验、分析。结果获得了“太白七药”中的荞麦七、桃儿七、朱砂七、凤尾七、红毛七、纽子七、铁牛七、羊角七、盘龙七、葫芦七、蝎子七、灯台七共12种药材的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱。结论粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法可用于“太白七药”植物群中药材的鉴别。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…