917例妊娠期血小板减少临床分析

目的 分析探讨妊娠期血小板减少的病因构成、妊娠期与分娩期管理和妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月在四川大学华西第二医院产科分娩的917例妊娠期血小板减少孕妇的临床资料.结果 本组917例妊娠期血小板减少患者最常见病因分别为妊娠期血小板减少症(GT)、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)及子痫前期(PE).分层分析显示血小板计数≥50×109/L组患者病因为GT者占90％以上,随血小板减少程度加重,病因为ITP的比率逐步上升,在血小板计数＜10×109/L患者病因为ITP者占45.8％、GT占29.2％、PE占25％.＜37周早产率、≤34周早产率和足月低体质量儿发生率在血小板＜10×109/L病例中明显升高,分别为29.2％、8.3％、4.2％.本组妊娠期血小板减少诊治不规范.在血小板＜50×109/L患者中,有32.9％未接受任何规范治疗而均以阴道分娩结束妊娠,有37.5％通过椎管内麻醉进行剖宫产.结论 轻、中度妊娠期血小板减少以GT为主,极重度以ITP为主.应加强规范诊断和治疗,在保证分娩安全的基础上,可积极探索不同的诊疗规则,包括分娩方式、麻醉选择等.     

妊娠期血小板减少的相关性及围产结局分析

目的探讨妊娠期血小板减少的原因及围产结局。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2010年5月154例妊娠期血小板减少患者的临床资料。结果 154例患者中妊娠相关性血小板减少（GT）87例（56.5%）,妊娠期高血压疾病（PIH）25例（16.2%）,妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）23例（14.9%）,特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）12例（7.8%）,其他病因7例（4.5%）。有出血倾向或血小板计数≥50×109/L患者需用糖皮质激素和（或）免疫球蛋白治疗,阴道分娩31例,剖宫产104例,产后出血6例。GT、PIH和ICP组患者产后42天血小板较产前差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）,ITP组患者产后42天血小板较产前无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论妊娠期血小板减少的不同病因中,以妊娠相关性血小板减少最多见。对血小板〈50×109/L或有明显出血倾向者,用糖皮质激素和（或）免疫球蛋白治疗。分娩前后使用血小板制剂,预防产时或产后出血。血小板≥50×109/L,应在术前输注浓缩血小板后行剖宫产,血小板计数≥50×109/L的孕妇,如无产科指征,应阴道分娩为主,GT一般不作特殊处理。     

妊娠合并血小板减少35例围生期护理

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少患者的围生期护理。方法:对35例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的围生期资料进行回顾性分析,提出相应的护理对策。结果:孕期检查发现11例,住院首次发现24例;血小板计数<20×109/L者2例,(20～50)×109/L者12例,>50×109/L者21例;34例足月分娩,其中19例剖宫产分娩,15例阴道自然分娩;1例双胎妊娠不足37周剖宫产分娩。母婴均平安出院。结论:妊娠合并血小板减少是妊娠常见并发症,加强围生期护理是母婴平安的关键。     

血小板减少对产妇和新生儿的影响

目的:探讨妊娠相关性血小板减少患者的治疗、分娩方式及对新生儿的影响.方法:回顾性分析2009年12月至2011年12月收治的102例妊娠相关性血小板减少患者的临床资料.结果:血小板计数＜50×109/L(Ⅰ组)的孕妇早产、新生儿窒息、新生儿头颅出血、新生儿血小板减少的发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;剖宫产率、产后出血发生率比对照组高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血小板计数在(50～100)×109/L(Ⅱ组)的孕妇剖宫产、产后出血、早产、新生儿窒息、新生儿头颅出血、新生儿血小板减少的发生率与对照组比较.差异均无统计学意义.结论:随着妊娠期血小板减少程度的加重,孕妇剖宫产、产后出血及新生儿血小板减少的发生率可能增加,母婴结局与孕妇血小板减少的程度有关.     

妊娠合并血小板减少102例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的围生期处理方法.方法 对102例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料作回顾性研究.结果 单纯由妊娠引起血小板减少的为74例,占72.54%;特发性血小板减少性紫癜16例,占15.69%;合并病毒性肝炎10例,占9.80%;妊娠高血压病引起的HELLP综合征2例,占1.96%.孕前即有血小板减少8例;妊娠后发生的最早出现在孕9周,其中＜28周24例,≥28周70例.对血小板＜50×109/L者用皮质激素治疗,分娩前输注机采血小板后行计划性剖宫产术.产后出血率27.45%(28/102).82.35%(84/102)的产妇产后第6天血小板恢复正常.结论 妊娠合并血小板减少一般发生在妊娠晚期,其中妊娠相关性血小板减少是最常见的类型.非妊娠相关性血小板减少的血小板减少程度严重,大多≤3×109/L.皮质激素是治疗严重血小板减少的有效手段,临产前血小板仍＜50×109/L时可输机采血小板.     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜15例分析

目的探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者围生期防治方法的临床效果。方法收集分析了15例妊娠合并ITP患者的临床资料,按血小板计数将患者分为4组：A组2例（〈10×109/L）,B组5例（10×109/L～30×109/L）,C组4例（30×109/L～50×109/L）,D组4例（〉50×109/L）。采用不同方法给予治疗。结果 A、B组7例中4例血小板〉30×109/L;6例经阴道分娩,产后大出血2例;9例剖宫产,产后大出血3例。结论妊娠合并ITP,如血小板〈30×109/L,给予糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白能使大多数患者的血小板〉30×109/L.分娩方式与出血无关。     

妊娠合并血小板减少症42例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症的最佳处理方法.方法:收集我院2001～2008年收治的妊娠合并血小板减少症42例,对其处理方法及结局进行回顾性分析,总结处理经验.结果:有剖宫产指征的27例行剖宫产术结束妊娠,余15例阴道分娩.产后出血9例,产后出血率21.43%;产褥感染3例,产褥感染率7.14%.新生儿中血小板减少4例,发生率11%.新生儿头皮血肿1例.结论:血小板不低于50×109/L时,不需治疗;血小板低于50×109/L但无症状的孕妇,可行常规产科检查,补充铁剂、叶酸、维生素;若伴有黏膜出血或出血高危因素时应予糖皮质激素治疗.如无产科指征,分娩方式应以阴道分娩为宜,血小板低于30×109/L应输注血小板后行剖宫产.     

Clinical analysis on 36 pregnancy women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

目的　探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)母婴结局.方法　回顾性分析2002年1月至2009年12月间妊娠合并ITP患者临床资料,参照第二届全国血液病学术会议制定的ITP诊断标准,按治疗时血小板计数情况分组,血小板计数(50～100)×109/L为Ⅰ组共14例,血小板计数＜50×109/L为Ⅱ组共22例.记录Ⅱ组ITP患者给予糖皮质激素(泼尼松),丙种球蛋白及(或)血小板悬液治疗后的临床效果及其母儿的围产结局.结果　两组患者治疗前凝血功能、临床表现比较差异有统计学意义,经治疗后产后出血、新生儿ITP、颅内出血比较差异无统计学意义.仅分娩方式比较差异有统计学意义(Ⅱ组患者剖宫产率较高).结论　妊娠合并ITP对母儿均有潜在的危险,加强围产期管理,根据轻重程度积极治疗可改善妊娠结局.     

68例妊娠合并血小板减少的临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的原因和妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2009年1月-2011年12月68例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料。根据不同病因分为4组:妊娠相关性血小板减少(PAT)组、妊娠高血压疾病(PIH)组、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)组及其他组(包括巨幼红细胞贫血、白血病、系统性红斑狼疮等)。有出血倾向或血小板计数<50×109/L患者给予糖皮质激素或免疫球蛋白或输血小板治疗。结果 68例患者中妊娠相关性血小板减少(PAT)41例(60.3%),妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)16例(23.5%),特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)6例(8.8%),其他病因5例(7.4%)。剖宫产50例,阴道分娩18例,产后出血4例,新生儿颅内出血2例。PAT和PIH组患者产后42d血小板与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ITP及其他原因患者产后42d血小板与治疗前比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论妊娠合并血小板减少的不同病因中,妊娠相关性血小板减少最多见。对血小板计数<50×109/L或有明显出血倾向者,根据孕周不同给予糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白和(或)输血小板治疗。血小板计数≥50×109/L如无产科指征,可经阴道分娩,如手术终止妊娠应在术前输注血小板后行剖宫产术。     

妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床研究

目的 探讨妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床特征及处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2000～2010年笔者所在医院21例ITP孕妇的临床资料.结果 妊娠合并ITP的发病率为0.17%.21例患者中5例有出血倾向,均无脾脏增大.实验室检查21例患者中85.7%血小板计数＞50×109/L,13例患者行骨髓穿刺检查均显示巨核细胞增生活跃,但成熟障碍,8例患者行PAIgG检查7例阳性.21例患者中9例经阴道分娩,12例行剖宫产术,有1例发生产后出血.新生儿均成活,未发生颅内出血.结论 ITP确诊主要靠实验室检查,同时需排除妊娠相关性血小板减少症(PAT)、HELLP综合征和其他引起血小板减少的疾病.对血小板＞50×109/L,无症状的孕妇不需要治疗,可考虑阴道试产;当血小板＜50×109/L时,可考虑给予相应治疗并在血源充备的情况下行剖宫产术.不主张使用干预性措施预防新生儿PIT.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.