食管胸下段癌淋巴结转移规律及清扫范围

目的探讨食管胸下段癌淋巴结转移规律，评价合理的手术方式。方法根据淋巴结清扫术范围分为2组，三野组：45例，经右胸后外侧切口，颈一胸腹三野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术；二野组：42例，经左胸后外侧切口，隆凸水平之下胸一腹野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术。对淋巴结转移情况、术前CT检查结果及3年生存率进行统计学分析。结果三野组术后并发症发生率（28．9％）高于二野组（9．5％），差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。三野组淋巴结转移率为71％，颈、胸、腹野淋巴结转移率分别为9％、44％和58％；二野组淋巴结转移率为64％，胸、腹野淋巴结转移率分别为40％与60％。三野组的3年生存率（55．2％）高于二野组（46．3％）（X^2=6．73，P〈0．05）。但二野组中下颈部及上纵隔CT检查显示阴性者淋巴结转移率为58％，其3年生存率（54．6％）与三野组相比无明显差异（X^2=3．24，P〉0．05）。结论食管胸下段癌淋巴结转移规律呈区域性和上、下双向转移，三野组预后较二野组好。但若中下颈部、上纵隔CT检查显示阴性，选择经左胸径路二野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术，可明显减少术后并发症。     

腹腔镜下行全胃和近侧胃切除治疗胃上部癌的疗效对比

目的：探讨腹腔镜下行全胃根治术治疗胃上部癌的临床价值。方法分析该院2007年10月至2010年10月收治胃上部癌患者143例,其中行全胃 Roux-Y切除术79例（TG组）,行近侧胃切除术64例（PG组）,对比两组患者1、3年及各分期之间的生存率及术后并发症。结果 TG组患者1、3年总生存率为91．8％、62．4％,PG组为90．2％、44．3％,两组之间1年生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,两组之间3年生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组之间3年各分期生存率比较,两组TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期患者3年生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,TMN Ⅲ期患者3年生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,两组患者术后总体并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论腹腔镜下对胃上部癌患者行全胃根治术可明显提高中期疗效,同时不影响患者的术后并发症发生率及患者术后恢复。     

IMRT联合HIFU治疗手术及TACE术后复发原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：探讨调强放疗（IMRT）联合高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗手术及肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）后复发的原发性肝癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法60例手术及TACE术后复发原发性肝癌患者,分为对照组和观察组各30例,观察组行IM‐RT联合HIFU同步治疗,对照组仅行IMRT治疗。两组均采用6MV‐X射线IMRT,总剂量54～70Gy／6～7周。观察组于放疗第1天开始行HIFU,5次／周,共6～7周。结果观察组和对照组近期疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组在急性放射性毒副反应比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。对照组和观察组1年、2年总生存率分别为72．8％、36．2％和89．9％、78．9％,1、2年无进展生存率分别为64．3％、28．1％和85．9％、50．9％,比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。对照组和观察组中位生存时间为24个月和36个月,中位无进展生存时间为17个月和27个月。结论对于不能手术或拒接手术的术后TACE复发原发性肝癌患者,IMRT联合HIFU治疗疗效确切,毒副反应可以耐受,有一定应用价值。     

2型糖尿病患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及颈部动脉斑块的关系,并分析引起动脉硬化的相关危险因素。方法收集426例2型糖尿病患者,进行baPWV、颈部动脉超声检查、生化指标检测及相关危险因素的记录。分析baPWV与IM T的相关性。并根据baPWV结果分为正常组与异常组,对两组的IM T、颈部动脉斑块及相关危险因素进行比较。结果两组危险因素中糖尿病病程、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL‐C ）、动脉硬化危险因素个数等比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;而年龄、腹围、BMI、尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL‐C）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、糖化血红蛋白的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。两组颈部动脉超声斑块检出率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而两组斑块平均数量比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,异常组明显多于正常组;IMT正常率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,正常组明显高于异常组。两组IMT值比较,差异仍有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,异常组较正常组明显增厚。对baP‐WV与IM T进行相关性分析结果显示：IM T与baPWV呈正相关关系（r＝0．228,P＜0．05）。结论动脉弹性降低的2型糖尿病患者可能伴有颈IM T明显增厚、斑块数量明显增多。结合baPWV及颈部动脉超声检查可更好地进行颈动脉硬化的评估。     

壶腹癌的超声诊断以及鉴别诊断探讨

目的探讨超声诊断壶腹癌的准确性以及其与胰头癌、胆管下段癌的鉴别。方法对2007-02—2009-01收治的壶腹周围癌患者采用回顾性分析的方法进行统计学分析。结果54例病例超声诊断平均准确率为87．04％。三组肿瘤最大直径的比例进行组间比较（x2=13．41,P〈0．05）肿瘤直径差异有统计学意义;胰头癌组、壶腹癌组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肝外胆管扩张程度,壶腹癌组和胆总管下段癌组分别与胰头癌组差异有统计学意3Z（P〈0．05）,胰管扩张程度三组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论超声诊断是壶腹癌最重要的诊断手段,对鉴别胰头癌和胆管下段癌有辅助作用。     

同期放化疗联合艾迪治疗局部晚期下咽癌的临床研究

目的：探讨局部晚期下咽癌应用同期放化疗联合艾迪注射液综合治疗的临床疗效。方法：将104例局部晚期下咽癌患者进行随机分组,观察组52例,采用同期放化疗联合艾迪注射液,放疗结束后再化疗2～4周期;对照组52例,利用同期放化疗,放化疗方法同于观察组。观察两组近期疗效、1年总生存率、生活质量及不良反应。两组患者临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结果：两组近期疗效相比较,均有所改善,其中观察组为82．7％,对照组为78．8％,3年总生存率观察组为54．5％,对照组为51．9％,两组差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;两组患者生活质量相比较,观察组生活质量较对照组明显增高,两组差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;两组不良反应相比较,观察组放疗反应较对照组明显减轻,两组差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：同期放化疗联合艾迪注射液治疗局部晚期下咽癌可提高患者的生活质量,降低患者的放化疗反应。     

乳腺癌保乳手术联合放射治疗的临床效果研究

目的：探讨乳腺癌保乳手术联合放射治疗的临床疗效。方法：对照组给予乳腺癌根治术治疗,实验组给予保乳手术联合放射治疗,对比分析两组患者的肿瘤转移率、肿瘤复发情况、生存率及不良反应等。结果：对照组3年肿瘤转移率、复发率及生存率分别为2．78％、13．89％、91．67％,实验组3年肿瘤转移率、复发率及生存率分别为0、2．63％、94．74％,两组患者3年转移率及生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,实验组3年肿瘤复发率明显低于对照组,两组差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组不良反应发生率为27．78％;实验组不良反应发生率为23．69％,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：对乳腺癌患者给予保乳手术联合放射治疗,可取得理想的美容效果,降低肿瘤复发率,值得在临床医学中推广使用。     

胸中段食管癌手术方式的临床研究

目的 :探讨胸中段食管癌的最佳手术方式。 方法 :回顾性收集胸中段食管癌 82 3例分两组 :A组 (弓上吻合组 ) 3 2 1例 ,B组 (颈部吻合组 ) 5 0 2例 ,比较两组术后切缘癌残留发生率 ,术后并发症发生率 ,1,3 ,5年生存率。 结果 :A组切缘癌残留发生率高于B组P <0 0 1。B组术后并发症发生率高于A组 ,但差异无显著性P >0 0 5。两组 1年生存率无统计学意义P >0 0 5。 3年生存率B组高于A组P <0 0 5。5年生存率有显著意义P <0 0 1。 结论 :胸中段食管癌应行食管次全切除颈部吻合术 ,以提高远期疗效     

三维适形放疗联合顺铂治疗食管上段癌临床疗效及毒性反应观察

目的：观察三维适形放疗联合顺铂治疗食管上段癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析112例食管上段癌的临床资料,将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组应用放疗联合单药顺铂进行治疗,对照组单纯进行三维适形放疗,对2组数据进行分析,探讨2组近期疗效、不良反应、3年局控率及生存率。结果：2组近期疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不良反应比较骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应差异明显（P＜0.05）,3年局控率及生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：放化疗同期治疗食管上段癌的3年局控率及生存率无明显优势,但近期疗效和2年局控率和生存率均优于单纯放疗,且毒副反应可以耐受,值得在临床推广,对于肿瘤患者而言,应该采取个体化治疗。     

局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗临床效果及预后分析

目的：观察局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗临床效果及预后。方法：50例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各25例,观察组接受单纯放射治疗方案,对照组接受联合放化疗方案,分析比较两组患者临床效果及预后。结果：观察组与对照组相比较,近期临床效果总有效率差异无显著统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;两组患者1年、2年、3年生存率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;两组患者不良反应主要表现为：恶心呕吐、白血胞减少、血小板减少、贫血、肝肾功能损害、口腔黏膜反应和皮肤反应,两组患者发生Ⅲ度及以上不良反应有明显差异（ P＜0．05）。结论：局部晚期鼻咽癌放疗临床效果及预后与常见的联合放化疗方案一样具有明显的临床效果或较好的预后生存率。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective

To study the morphology, biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica (C. parasitica) (L.) H. Lev.

Methods

Morphological studies on epidermal glands were carried out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. To prepare the extract, the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone. For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Detailed micromorphological, phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. showed its intraspecific variation in antibacterial activity. The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species. The epidermal glands were orange-coloured, stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2 µm × 45 µm, and distributed on the undersurface of costa, costules and veins in croziers, young and mature leaves. Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers. The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in it.

Conclusions

The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. have several bioactive compounds and such rare morphovariant should be conserved in nature. The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.     

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

Objective

To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea (C. arborea) Roxb. (Lecthyidaceae), an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine.

Methods

Leaf and stem samples of C. arborea were studied by macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO.

Results

Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape, acuminate apex with crenate, dentate margin, petioles (0.1–1.8 cm) long. Microscopically, the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath, arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma, phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocytic stomata. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, swelling index, extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two times higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids.

Conclusions

The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.