A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human BMP-2 gene (109T>G) affects Smad signaling pathway and the predisposition to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine

Background Although various systemic and local factors such as abnormal carbohydrate or calcium metabolism, aging and hormonal disturbances have been suggested as causes of Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), the etiology of OPLL is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BMP-2 is a candidate gene to modify the susceptibility of OPLL and the mechanism of ossification in signal transduction. Methods A total of 420 OPLL patients and 506 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. The complete coding sequence of the human BMP-2 gene were analysed through PCR and direct sequencing, all the SNPs were detected and genotype. The BMP-2 expression vectors containing positive polymorphism were constructed and transfected to the C3H10T1/2 cell. The expression of BMP-2 and Smad signal pathway in positive cell clones were detected by western blotting. The ALP activity was detected by quantitative detection kits. Results The frequencies for the 109T>G and 570A>T polymorphisms were difference between the case and control group. The “TG’ genotype in 109T>G polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of OPLL, the frequency of the “G” allele is significantly higher in patients with OPLL than in control subjects (P<0.001). The “AT’ genotype in 570A>T polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of OPLL, the frequency of the “T” allele is significantly higher in patients with OPLL than in control subjects (P=0.005). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of P-Smad1/5/8 protein transfected by wild-type or mutant expression vectors were significantly higher than control groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in each experimental group (P>0.05). The expression of Smad4 protein transfected by wild-type or mutant expression vectors were significantly higher than control groups (P<0.05), the expression of Smad4 protein transfected by pcDNA3.1-BMP2 (109G) and pcDNA3.1-BMP2 (109G, 570T) were significantly higher than the other experimental groups(P<0.05). The ALP activity increase has been detected in pcDNA3.1-BMP2 (109G) and pcDNA3.1-BMP2 (109G, 570T) transfected cells to 4 weeks after stably transfection. The activity ALP results were (30.56±0.46) nmol/minute/mg protein and (29.62±0.68) nmol/minute/mg protein, respectively. There was a statistical difference compared with the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The BMP-2 is the predisposing gene of OPLL. The “TG’ genotype in the 109T>G and the “AT’ genotype in the 570A>T polymorphisms are associated with the occurrence of OPLL. In the intracellular signalling transduction, the 109T>G polymorphism in exon-2 of BMP-2 gene is positively associated with the level of Smad4 protein expression and the activity of ALP. Smad mediated signalling pathway plays an important role during the pathological process of OPLL induced by SNPs of BMP-2 gene.     

Association of G＋1688A Polymorphism of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene with Myocardial Infarction in the Chinese Han Population

In order to investigate the association of G＋1688A （Ser563Asn） polymorphism of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1） gene with myocardial infarction （MI） in the Chinese Han population, the G＋1688A polymorphism in PECAM-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method among 502 subjects, including 218 patients with MI and 284 controls. The results showed that there was significant difference in AA frequencies of genotype G＋1688A polymorphism between case and control groups （39% vs 24%, P〈0.001）. A similar trend was observed on the allele frequencies （A/G： 62% vs 49%, P〈0.001）. Among the subjects with high serum total cholesterol level or high systolic blood pressure level, the variant AA genotype was associated with high risk of MI （adjusted OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.08 -4.41 and adjusted OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.63-3.63）. The single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） at position ＋1688 in the exon 8 of PECAM-1 gene was associated with MI and the allele A might be a risk factor for MI in the Chinese Han population.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism is not associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy （HCM） is a primary autosomal dominant inheritant myocardial disease with heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, natural history and prognosis. Even carrying an identical gene mutation among family members, a va[iety of clinical phenotypes have been found in patients with HCM. Modifier genes may contribute to the diversity. The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptides （ANP） were found previously to be elevated in HCM. Our studies suggested that ANP gene promoter polymorphism is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. The present study aimed to determine whether the two SNPs in the ANP gene are associated with HCM Methods We determined the relationships between the ANP gene polymorphism and HCM in 262 HCM patients and 614 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. All of the subjects were genotyped for -A2843G and A188G polymorphisms. Results The genotype frequency in the -A2843G and A188G polymorphisms of the ANP gene was not significantly different between the HCM patients and controls. The -A2843G and A188G polymorphisms were also not associated with clinical phenotype in cardiomyopathy patients. Conclusions The polymorphisms of the ANP gene are not associated with increasing risk of HCM or clinical phenotypes. The variations of the ANP gene may not serve as a genetic modifier for the development of HCM.     

The Association between Polymorphism of TNF-α Gene and Hypertensive Disorder Complicating Pregnancy

To study whether the development of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is associated with -308G→A, -850C→T mutation at promoter of TNF-α gene, the -308G→A, -850C→T polymorphism was examined in patients and healthy pregnant women by PCR-RFLP technique. The frequencies of genotype and allele were compared between the two groups. The re- sults showed that with -308G→A polymorphism distribution, the allele frequency of TNF2 and the frequency of the genotype TNF2/1 in the patient group was significantly higher in the patient group than in control group (P<0.05). A significant difference in genotype distribution of -850C→T poly- morphism was observed between the two groups. The allele frequencies of T in patient group was higher in the control group as compared with the patient group. The frequencies of CT and TT genotypes were lower in the patient group. It is concluded that the TNF2 allele of -308 is associated with the occurrence of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, while T allele of -850 may be the protective factor against the development of the disease. TNF2/1 CC may be susceptibility genotype of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.     

Apolipoprotein E genotype in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Objective To explore the frequency and significance of ApoE gene polymorphisms in patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ApoE gene were analyzed in 32 cases of AD and 26 controls, using PCR and gene sequencing.Results The single nucleotide polymorphism of ApoE gene 462C/G was significantly associated with AD (P&lt;0.05).Conclusions The 462C/G polymorphism might be a specific genotype in Chinese patients with sporadic AD.     

Association between the serotonin 1A receptor C（-1019）G polymorphism and major depressive disorder in the northern Han ethnic group in China

Background Recent studies have suggested that susceptibility to major depressive disorder （MDD） might be related to the serotonin 1A receptor （5-HTR1A） C（-1019）G polymorphism. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between 5-HTR1A C（-1019）G polymorphism and MDD in the Northern Han ethnic group of China.
Methods The C（-1019）G of 5-HTR1A was detected with polymerase chain reaction （PCR） in 400 patients with MDD and 400 unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Association between the C（-1019）G and MDD was statistically analyzed.
Results There was a statistically significant difference between MDD patients and controls in both the genotype distribution （X^2=10.913, df=2, ,P=0.004） and the allele frequency （X^2=10.379, df=1, P=0.001 ）, and a significant difference in the genotype distribution and the allele frequency was found both in the female subjects （Genotype distribution： X^2=15.406, df=2, P=0.000; allele frequency： X^2=15.552, df=1, P=0.000） and the late-onset subjects （Genotype distribution X^2=7.771, df=2, P=0.021 ; allele frequency： X^2=8.007, df=1, P=0.005） in the two groups.
Conclusion These results suggest that 5-HTR1A C（-1019）G polymorphism is probably associated with MDD and it is likely to be the susceptible gene locus for the female and late-onset MDD.     

Polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is associated with response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in Chinese patients with gastric cancer

Background The importance of polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase （MTHFR） gene for the prediction of the response to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive value of several polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene for clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese population. Methods Three hundred and sixty-two Chinese patients with gastric cancer were treated with fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood collected before treatment. The three single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） （rs1801131, rs1801133, rs2274976） genotypes of the MTHFR gene were determined by matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS）. Results The average response rate for chemotherapy was 46.7%. Homozygous genotypes rs2274976G/G （X2=22.7, P 〈0.01） and rs1801131A/A （X2=14.3, P=0.008） were over-represented in responsive patients. Carriers of the rs2274976A allele genotypes （G/A and A/A） and of the rs1801131C allele genotypes （A/C and C/C）were prevalent in nonresponsive patients. In the haplotype association analysis, there was a significant difference in global haplotype distribution between the groups （X2=20.69, P=0.000 124）. Conclusions These results suggest that polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene may be used as predictors of the response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients in Chinese population. Well-designed, comprehensive, and prospective studies on determining these polymorphisms of MTHFR gene as clinical markers for predicting the response to fluorouracil-based therapy in gastric cancer patients is warranted.     

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene (109T>G) affects the Smad signaling pathway and the predisposition to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Background Although various systemic and local factors such as abnormal carbohydrate or calcium metabolism,aging,and hormonal disturbances have been suggested as causes of ossification of the posterior...     

河北地区FTO -rs9930506 基因多态性与 T2DM 发病及认知功能的关系

目的 探讨肥胖相关基因（FTO ）rs9930506 位点多态性与2 型糖尿病（T2DM）发病及认知 功能的关系。方法 收集450 例T2DM 患者作为T2DM 组,512 例同期于北京某社区招募的无T2DM 者 为对照组。采用重复性成套神经心理状态测验量表评估两组患者的认知功能,限制性片段长度多态性技术 检测FTO -rs9930506 位点多态性。结果 两组患者FTO -rs9930506 位点基因型及等位基因频率分布无差异 （P >0.05）。两组女性患者rs9930506 位点等位基因频率分布有差异（P <0.05）,G 等位基因女性携带者发生 T2DM 的风险是A 基因型携带者的1.464 倍。两组男性患者FTO -rs9930506 位点等位基因及基因型频率分布 无差异（P >0.05）。整体样本中,GG 基因型携带者体重指数高于AA、AG 基因型携带者（P <0.05）,GG 基 因型携带者言语能力、延迟记忆均低于AA、AG 基因型携带者（P <0.05）。结论 FTO -rs9930506 位点G 等 位基因是女性T2DM 发病的危险等位基因,FTO -rs9930506 基因多态性参与T2DM 患者认知损伤。     

广西壮族人群白细胞介素-27基因rs17855750G/T、rs40837A/G多态性分布特点

目的 分析广西壮族人群白细胞介素(IL)-27基因rs17855750 G/T、rs40837 A/G多态性分布特点,对比其基因型和等位基因频率与不同国家(地区)间种族的分布差异.方法 采用单碱基延伸的PCR技术对168例广西壮族人群IL-27基因rs17855750 G/T、rs40837 A/G进行多态性检测,对比国际人类基因组计划(HapMap)公布的中国北京人、日本人、非洲人和意大利人的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型数据,分析5个人群rs17855750 G/T、rs40837 A/G位点的基因型和等位基因频率差异.结果 在广西壮族人群中IL-27基因rs17855750 G/T位点TT基因型最常见,约为70.2％,T等位基因频率最高,约为50.3％,rs40837 A/G多态性位点AA基因型最常见,约为35.7％,A等位基因频率最高,约为52.1％,IL-27基因rs17855750 G/T、rs40837 A/G多态性位点基因型及等位基因频率男女性别间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),IL-27 rs17855750 G/T与北京人比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但与日本人、意大利人和非洲人比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);IL-27 rs40837 A/G与北京人比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且与日本人、非洲人和意大利人比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 IL-27基因rs17855750 G/T、IL-27 rs40837 A/G位点基因型和等位基因在广西壮族人群中的分布频率与其他国家(地区)人群相比存在差异,这种差异可能是导致某些疾病在不同人群发病率和临床表现存在差异的原因之一.     

RETN、LEPR和ADIPOQ基因多态性与中国汉族人群2型糖尿病风险及血脂代谢的关系

目的：探讨中国汉族人群中编码脂肪因子的抵抗素（RETN）、瘦素受体（LEPR）和脂联素（ADIPOQ）基因多态性与2型糖尿病（T2DM）的相关性及其对血脂代谢的影响。方法：入组526例T2DM患者和344例无糖尿病对照者,采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR（KASP）技术检测RETN（rs1862513、rs3745367）,LEPR（rs1137101、rs13306519、rs1805096）和ADIPOQ（rs1501299、rs2241766）的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）;并对RETN、LEPR和ADIPOQ基因多态性与T2DM发病风险间的关系以及各SNP基因型与血脂代谢间的关系进行统计学分析。结果：T2DM组中RETN rs1862513 GG基因型和G变异等位基因的频率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（42.0% vs. 30.0%,P=0.003;65.0% vs. 57.1%,P=0.001,OR=1.397,95%CI=1.140～1.712）;进一步将总研究人群按不同BMI分析发现,在BMI＜25 kg/m2中,T2DM组中RETN rs1862513 GG基因型频率明显高于对照组（42.8% vs. 31.0%,P=0.015）;进一步分析各基因型与血脂的关系发现,RETN rs3745367在BMI＜25 kg/m2时GG或AG基因型具有更低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平（P=0.018）;LEPR rs13306519在BMI≥25 kg/m2时CC或CG基因型具有更低的HDL水平（P=0.016）;ADIPOQ rs1501299在总研究人群中CC或AC基因型的甘油三酯（TG）水平显著高于AA基因型（P=0.044）。结论：RETN rs1862513 G等位基因可能与中国汉族人群T2DM的发病风险相关;ADIPOQ rs1501299 CC或AC基因型可能与高TG水平有关,RETN rs3745367 GG或AG基因型在非肥胖人群,LEPR rs13306519 CC或CG基因型在肥胖人群中可能与低HDL水平相关。     

FOXP3基因多态性与儿童ITP发病及进展的相关性研究

目的通过对儿童免疫性血小板减少症（immune thrombocytopenia,ITP）患儿Forkhead Box P3（FOXP3）基因单核苷酸多态性检测、了解儿童ITP发病并随访疾病进展情况,探讨FOXP3基因多态性与儿童ITP发生、发展的关系,以期为开展儿童ITP的靶向治疗提供一定理论依据。方法 328例ITP患儿作为实验组,219例健康志愿者作为对照组。实验组根据病程及转归又分为两组（病程在12个月以内组、病程在12个月以上组）。利用Sequenom SNP位点分型检测方法分别检测FOXP3基因rs3761547、rs3761548、rs2232365 3个位点单核苷酸多态性。结果 1）rs2232365位点在性别年龄均匹配实验组AG基因型频率较正常对照组明显增高（P=0.013）,其他2个位点单核苷酸多态性在两组之间差异无统计学意义。2）rs3761547位点在12个月以上组GG基因型及G等位基因较12月以内组明显增高（P=0.008,0.001）;rs2232365位点A与G基因频率在不同病程间差异有统计学意义（P=0.033）。结论 FOXP3 rs2232365位点携带AG基因型可能为ITP发病的易感因素。携带FOXP3 rs3761547 GG基因型及G等位基因、rs2232365位点G等位基因的ITP患儿更易发展为慢性,病程迁延。rs2232365位点单核苷酸多态性与儿童ITP的发生发展均相关,可能是疾病机制的关键。     

TNFSF4基因rs3850641多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的：探讨四川南充地区汉族人TNFSF4基因rs3850641多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测于2014年7月至2015年6月选取的190例正常对照者和218例T2DM患者(T2DM组)的rs3850641多态性。葡萄糖氧化酶法测定两组受检者的血糖(Glu)水平,氧化酶法测定两组受检者的血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果 TNFSF4基因rs3850641位点等位基因频率和基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律;rs3850641多态位点G等位基因频率为0.161;T2DM组和对照组之间rs3850641位点等位基因的频率差异无统计学意义[0.163(71/168) vs 0.158(60/190),P>0.05];对照组和T2DM组rs3850641位点G基因型携带者的血糖水平分别高于各组AA基因型携带者的血糖水平[(4.72±1.43) mmol/L vs (4.50±1.30) mmol/L、(6.44±2.45) mmol/L vs (6.23±2.16) mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TNFSF4基因rs3850641多态性与T2DM无关联,但其G等位基因与血糖水平相关。     

广西黑衣壮人群白细胞介素17A 基因多态性

目的 探讨广西黑衣壮人群白细胞介素17A基因 （IL-17A）rs3819024、rs2275913位点的多态性分布特点和不同人群间的多态性差异。方法 采取多重单碱基延伸法（SNaPshot）方法对115例广西黑衣壮人群IL-17A基因rs3819024、rs2275913位点进行基因分型检测,并比较不同性别及人群分布差异。结果 广西黑衣壮人群IL-17A基因rs3819024和rs2275913位点均存在AA、AG、GG 3种基因型,两位点基因型分布均以AG基因型多见,其中rs3819024位点AA、AG、GG基因型的分布频率分别为15.6%、54.8%、29.6%;rs2275913位点AA、AG、GG基因型的分布频率分别为27.8%、51.3%、20.9%。rs3819024和rs2275913位点分别以G和A等位基因多见,分布频率分别为57.0%和53.5%。rs3819024和rs2275913两位点基因型及等位基因频率在广西黑衣壮人群男女性别间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。rs3819024位点基因型及等位基因频率与千人基因组计划（1000 Genomes）数据库公布的日本人群（JPT）、非洲尼日利亚人群（YRI）、印第安人群（GIH）、欧洲人群（CEU）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与北京汉族人群（HCB）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。rs2275913位点基因型及等位基因频率与YRI、GIH、CEU人群比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,与HCB人群比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而与JPT人群相比,基因型频率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但等位基因频率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 IL-17A基因rs3819024、rs2275913基因位点多态性在不同种族和地区间存在差异。     

TNFRSF4基因 rs17568多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

目的：探讨四川南充地区汉族人 TNFRSF4基因 rs17568多态性与2型糖尿病（T2DM ）的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性技术检测186例健康体检者和220例 T2DM 患者 rs17568多态性。酶法测定血糖（Glu ）、血清甘油三酯（TG ）、总胆固醇（TC ）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL‐C ）。结果TNFRSF4基因 rs17568位点等位基因频率和基因型频率分布均符合 Hardy‐Weinberg 平衡定律。rs17568多态位点G等位基因频率为28.2％。两组rs17568位点G等位基因的频率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。rs17568多态位点在T2DM组和对照组中,GG、AG基因型携带者血清 HDL‐C水平较 AA基因型携带者明显升高（P＜0.05）。结论 TNFRSF4基因 rs17568多态性与T2DM无关联,但其G等位基因与血清HDL‐C水平密切相关。     

Association between two polymorphisms of the bone morpho- genetic protein-2 gene with genetic susceptibility to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and its severity

Background Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament （OPLL） has a strong genetic background. Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP2） and BMP2 mRNA are expressed in ossifying matrix and chondrocytes adjacent to cartilaginous areas of OPLL tissues and mesenchymal cells with fibroblastic features in the immediate vicinity of the cartilaginous areas. It is suggested that BMP2 plays different roles in the different stages of development of OPLL. However, it remains unknown which factors induce ligament cells to produce BMP2. Methods OPLL patients （n=-192） and non-OPLL controls （n=304） were studied. Radiographs of the cervical spine were analyzed for extent of OPLL. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of exons 3（-726） T/C and 3（-583） NG in the BMP2 gene are statistically associated with genetic susceptibility to OPLL in Chinese Han subjects. Results There was no statistical difference between the occurrence of exons 3（-726） T/C and 3（-583） NG and the occurrence of OPLL in the cervical spine. However, there was a significant association between occurrence of exon 3（-726） T/C polymorphism and occurrence of OPLL in males of cases and controls in the cervical spine. In addition, no significant association was found between the exons 3（-726） T/C and 3（-583） A/G with number of ossified cervical vertebrae in OPLL patients. Conclusions Exon 3（-583） A/G polymorphism in BMP2 gene is not associated with the occurrence and the extent of OPLL in the cervical spine. Chinese Han male patients with TC and CC genotypes in exon 3（-726） T/C have genetic susceptibility to OPLL but not to more extensive OPLL in the cervical spine.