产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因谱及遗传学特征

目的:了解产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因谱及其遗传学特征。方法:对35株产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb等7种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因,TEM,SHV,LEN,OKP,CTXM-1,CTXM-2,CTXM-9,GES,PER,VEB,OXA-10,OXA-1,OXA-2,DHA,ACT-1等15种β-内酰胺酶基因,intI1,intI2,intI3等3种整合子基因,tnpA(TnA转座子标记),merA(Tn21/Tn501转座子标记),qacEΔ1-sul1消毒剂耐药基因,qnr喹诺酮类耐药基因,共检测29种耐药基因并对部分产物进行测序。结果:35株肺炎克雷伯菌中检出β-内酰胺酶基因22株,阳性率62.9%。整合子基因阳性22株,阳性率62.9%。氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因阳性26株,阳性率74.3%。tnpA全部阴性。merA阳性2株,阳性率5.7%。qacEΔ1-sul1阳性13株,阳性率37.1%。qnr全部阴性。在测序中发现一种新的基因型,并以aac(6′)-Ⅰb-Suzhou型命名,登录于美国NCBI(登录号:EF375621)。结论:产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因及耐消毒剂基因的携带率非常高,耐药基因谱及其遗传学特征非常复杂。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌遗传标记和耐药基因的研究

目的了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的遗传标记基因(整合子qacE△1、转座子tnpU)、氨基糖苷类修饰酶编码aac(6′)-Ib基因和喹诺酮类药物耐药qnrA基因分布状况,为临床使用药物治疗感染和消毒灭菌工作提供参考。方法收集本院的产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌共60株,采用PCR方法检测这些菌株中qacE△1、tnpU、aac(6′)-Ib和qnrA基因,MIC法药物敏感试验分析菌株的耐药性。结果 60株产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中qacEΔ1基因检出率61.7%,tnpU基因检出率7.6%,aac(6′)-Ib检出率为11.7%,qnrA基因检出率3.3%。60株菌中有38株含1种或以上基因,其药敏敏感度最高的是亚胺培南、厄它培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦,敏感率均为97.4%,而对氨苄西林和头孢唑啉完全耐药。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药与耐药基因传递机制整合子和转座子系统密切相关,分离株携带qacE△1、tnpU、aac(6′)-Ib和qnrA基因是细菌呈多重耐药的主要原因,提示临床应慎重用药。     

大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌连续分离株质粒AmpC基因研究

目的 研究大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌连续分离株质粒AmpC基因情况和耐药性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对耐药的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌连续分离株进行AmpC酶DHA和ACT-1基因检测和分析.结果 68株大肠埃希菌中ACT-1基因阳性4株(5.9%),DHA基因全为阴性;44株肺炎克雷伯菌中DHA基因阳性4株(9.1%),ACT-1基因全为阴性.结论 质粒型AmpC酶基因可通过转化、接合等方式转移给其他同种或不同种菌,易于传播,应加强监测.     

大肠埃希菌质粒型AmpC酶基因的检测分析

目的 调查大肠埃希菌质粒型Ampc酶基因的存在状况。方法 采用MH药敏平板对40株临床分离的大肠埃希菌进行抗菌药物敏感试验和ESBLs纸片法确诊，PcR方法检测DHA和ACT-1型Ampc酶基因。结果 40株大肠埃希菌呈多重耐药，20株ESBLs阳性菌AmpCM基因阳性率90％，20株ESBLs性菌Ampc酶基因阳性率45％，40株大肠埃希菌ACT-1和DHA基因阳性率分别为57．5％，40．0％，有12株大肠埃希菌同时携带ACT-1和DHA基因。结论 临床分离的大肠埃希菌多重耐药严重，质粒型AmpC酶基因携带率高。     

株多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌耐药基因和整合子、转座子遗传标记研究

目的了解多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药基因存在状况和遗传学背景。方法聚合酶链反应法对多重耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌进行β-内酰胺酶基因、氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、质粒AmpC酶基因、qacE△1-sull耐消毒剂和磺胺基因、整合子遗传标记（整合酶基因）、Tn21／Tn501转座子遗传标记（汞离子还原酶基因）检测。结果TEM、SHV型β-内酰胺酶基因，DHA型质粒AmpC酶基因，aac（6’）-I型氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因，qacE△1-sull耐消毒剂和磺胺基因，整合子遗传标记（intIl整合酶基因），Tn21／Tn501转座子遗传标记（merA汞离子还原酶基因）检测阳性。结论多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌存在多种耐药基因和I类整合子、Tn21／Tn501转座子。     

鲍曼不动杆菌耐药基因的初步研究

目的 了解鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii, Ab)中β-内酰胺酶和氯己定－磺胺耐药基因存在状况。方法 对20株Ab菌采用K-B纸片扩散法进行了抗菌药物敏感性的测定,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测TEM、ADC、DHA、SHV、PER等5种β-内酰胺酶基因和氯己定－磺胺（qacE△1-sul1）耐药基因。结果 20株Ab菌中TEM基因阳性12株(60%)、ADC基因阳性11株(55％)、DHA基因阳性10株(50％)、SHV基因阳性1株(5%),PER基因阴性,qacE△1-sul1基因阳性14株(70%)。结论 该20株菌β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药与产β-内酰胺酶密切相关,氯己定－磺胺基因携带率亦较高。     

ICU泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分离株相关耐药基因检测

目的了解重症监护病房（ICU）分离的泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（PDR-AB）耐药基因特点。方法应用K-B法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,应用PCR技术对12株PDR-AB菌进行耐药基因测定。结果12株PDR-Ab中TEM、DHA、OXA-23、qacE1-sul1和intll扩增阳性株为12（100%）株;而PER、VEB、VIM、IMP、GES扩增阴性。12株PDR-Ab中均检出氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因,其中aac（3）-I、aac（6’）-I、ant（3＂）-I阳性率均为100%。aac（6′）-Ⅱ、aac（3）-Ⅱ、ant（2″）-Ⅰ未发现阳性结果。12株DR-Ab中基因组合方式为TEM＋OXA-23＋ADC＋qacE1-sul1＋intll＋aac（3）-I＋aac（6’）-I＋ant（3＂）-I。结论ICU分离的PDR-AB菌TEM、DHA、OXA-23、qacE1-sul1、intll、aac（3）-I、aac（6’）-I、ant（3＂）-I等耐药基因携带率高。     

产ESBLs与AmpC大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的基因型分析

目的 了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)与AmoC酶大肠埃希菌(escherichia coli,ECO)和肺炎克雷伯菌(klebsiella pneumoniae,KPN)的基因型特征.方法 用表型确证试验从临床分离的74株ECO和KPN中筛选出16株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended spectrum β-lactamases,ESBLs)、4株产AmpC酶及25株产ESBLs AmpC菌株.应用多重聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR),扩增菌株的TEM,SHV和CTX-M-G1型超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因和DHA-1,ACT-1型AmpC酶基因,并对PCR产物经凝胶电泳后进行初步的分析.结果 大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌携带TEM,SHV,CTX-M-G1,DHA-1和ACT-1基因的检出率分别为54.2%,50.0%,62.5%,57.1%,35.7%;29.4%,52.9%,41.2%,66.7%,46.7%.相当一部分菌株同时携带2种或2种以上的基因型.结论 产ESBLs与AmpC酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为多重耐药菌株,存在多种耐药基因.应采取积极的措施防止产酶菌株的流行.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的氨基糖苷抗菌药物耐药性及氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因检测

目的:了解地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷抗生素的耐药情况及氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因分布.方法:采用Kirby-Bauer(K-B)纸片法检测38株产 ESBLs大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、奈替米星4种氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的耐药情况;并应用PCR方法检测这38株菌6种氨基糖苷钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅰ、aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ib-cr、ant(2″)-Ⅰ、ant(3″)-Ⅰ.结果:38株产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对4种氨基糖苷类抗菌药物的耐药率分别为阿米卡星28.9%,奈替米星39.5%,庆大霉素76.3%,妥布霉素76.3%;aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ib-cr、ant(3″)-Ⅰ、ant(2″)-Ⅰ阳性率分别为63.2%,36.8%,10.5%,2.6%.未检测出aac(3)-Ⅰ与aac(6′)-Ⅱ基因阳性菌株.结论:产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因以aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因为主,氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因与氨基糖苷类药物耐药性有一定的联系.临床抗感染过程中应该注重耐药机制的研究.     

临床分离大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌质粒介导AmpCβ内酰胺酶的研究

目的 研究儿科临床大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌中质粒介导AmpC β内酰胺酶的检出率和基因型.方法 收集2009年1至12月北京儿童医院住院患儿中分离的大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌.采用头孢西丁纸片扩散法进行大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌AmpC酶表型初筛,对AmpC酶表型阳性大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法测定质粒AmpC酶MOX、CIT、DHA、ACC、MIR及FOX基因型.结果 大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌中,共筛选出65株对头孢西丁不敏感的菌株,经多重PCR扩增,有17株AmpC酶DHA型基因阳性,DHA型质粒AmpC酶的总检出率为26.2%.其中,肺炎克雷伯菌14株DHA-1基因阳性,检出率为38.9%(14/36);大肠埃希菌2株DHA-1基因阳性,检出率为7.7%(2/26);产酸克雷伯菌1株DHA-1基因阳性,检出率为33.3%(1/3).其余48株质粒AmpC酶MOX、CIT、DHA、ACC、MIR及FOX型基因均为阴性.结论 儿科临床分离的大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌中,均有质粒介导DHA-1型AmpC酶的产生,其中肺炎克雷伯菌的产生率更高.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.