An experimental study on the regulation of expression of Th2 cytokines from T lymphocytes by protein kinase C in asthma

Summary To explore the regulatory role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the expression of Th₂ cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) by T lymphocytes in asthma. T lymphocytes were isolated and purified from blood and bronchial alveolus lavage fluid (BALF) of each guinea pig of normal control group and asthmatic group and from peripheral blood of the asthmatic patients and normal controls, and were stimulated with PKC accelerant phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and inhibitor Ro31-8220. The expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein was detected by using in situ hybridization staining and ELISA respectively. The expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein of asthmatic T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA was significantly higher than that of asthmatic T lymphocytes stimulated without PMA respectively (P<0. 01) and that of normal T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA respectively (P<0. 01). The expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein of asthmatic T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and Ro31-8220 was significantly lower than that of asthmatic T lymphocytes stimulated only with PMA respectively (P<0. 01). It was concluded that PKC might participate in regulating the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 in asthmatic T lymphocytes, and the activation of PKC in T lymphocytes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. This project was supported by a grant from National Natural Sciences foundation (No. 30070332) and Education Ministry college cadreman teachers imbursement plan (2000 year).     

Nuclear factor- κB in signal conduction of protein kinase C in T lymphocytes from an asthmatic guinea pig model

Objective To explore the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the signal conduction of protein kinase C (PKC) regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of Th2 cytokines - interleukin- 4 (IL- 4) and interleukin- 5 (IL- 5) of T lymphocytes in the bronchial alveolus lavage fluid (BALF).Methods T lymphocytes were isolated and purified from BALF of asthmatic guinea pigs in normal and asthmatic groups, and were stimulated with PKC agitator phorbol 12- myristate 13- acetate (PMA) and NF- κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), respectively.The expressions of NF- κB, IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein, the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes were observed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, ELISA, MTT and TUNEL, respectively. Results The activation of NF- κB, proliferation response, and expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein in T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA were significantly higher than those of their blank control (P&lt;0.01), while those indexes of T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly lower than those stimulated by PMA alone (P&lt;0.01).The apoptotic index of T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than that of their blank control (P&lt;0.01), and the apoptotic index of asthmatic guinea pig T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly higher than that stimulated by PMA alone (P&lt;0.01).The significant positive correlations were found between the activation of NF- κB and the proliferation (r=0.64, P&lt;0.001), and the expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 mRNA and protein of T lymphocytes, respectively (r=0.55-0.68, P&lt;0.001).There was also significant negative correlation between the activation of NF- κB and apoptosis of T lymphocytes (r=0.62, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions NF- κB may participate in the signal conduction of PKC regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of IL- 4 and IL- 5 of T lymphocytes in asthma.The activation of NF- κB in PKC signal conduction pathway of T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.     

雷公藤对致敏小鼠T细胞活化及其IL-5 mRNA表达的影响

目的　探讨致敏小鼠T淋巴细胞活化与IL 5mRNA表达间的关系及雷公藤内酯醇 (TP)的影响。方法　采用卵蛋白(OVA )致敏的方法建立模型 ;运用免疫细胞化学与原位杂交双染法 (ICC ISH)观察活化的T淋巴细胞 (CD2 5 )与IL 5mRNA表达的相关性及TP、地塞米松 (DM)的影响 ;同时就TP的作用与DM相比较。结果　致敏小鼠T淋巴细胞CD2 5与IL 5mRNA表达均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)。CD2 5 IL 5mRNA双染结果显示 :CD2 5 + IL 5mRNA+ T淋巴细胞显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,CD2 5 - IL 5mRNA- T淋巴细胞显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,CD2 5 + IL 5mRNA- 及CD2 5 - IL 5mRNA+ T淋巴细胞与正常对照组间无显著差异(P >0 0 5 )。经TP、DM处理后 ,致敏小鼠T淋巴细胞CD2 5与IL 5mRNA表达均显著低于致敏组 (P <0 0 1)。CD2 5 IL 5mRNA双染结果显示 :CD2 5 + IL 5mRNA+ T淋巴细胞显著低于致敏组 (P <0 0 1) ,CD2 5 - IL 5mRNA- T淋巴细胞显著高于致敏组 (P <0 0 1) ,而CD2 5 + IL 5mRNA- 及CD2 5 - IL 5mRNA+ T淋巴细胞与致敏组间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。TP组与DM组间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　IL 5mRNA表达与T淋巴细胞活化关系密切。TP、DM抑制T淋巴细胞活化可能是其抑制IL 5产生的机制之     

哮喘中IL-5和IL-10基因表达及其相关性研究

31只健康豚鼠分为哮喘组、地塞米松干预组及对照组。测定各组豚鼠肺泡灌洗液细胞成分 ,应用RT PCR方法检测支气管组织白细胞介素 5(IL 5)和白细胞介素 1 0 (IL 1 0 )mRNA表达强度。结果显示 ,哮喘组豚鼠肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞 (EOS)百分比、IL 5mRNA表达量均显著高于地塞米松治疗组及对照组 ,而IL 1 0mRNA表达则相反。IL 5mRNA表达与EOS百分比呈正相关 ,而与IL 1 0mRNA表达呈负相关。说明EOS ,IL 5以正相关参与了哮喘发病。哮喘时IL 1 0表达受抑制 ,这可能是炎症细胞因子IL 5合成增多的主要原因之一。糖皮质激素治疗哮喘的作用机制之一 ,可能与其提高IL 1 0及下调IL 5表达水平有关     

CD4T细胞活化与白细胞介素5释放在过敏性哮喘发病中的作用

目的了解特异性过敏原刺激下ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞活化以及白细胞介素５（ＩＬ５）释放在过敏性哮喘发病中作用。方法对１２例过敏性哮喘（ＡＡ组）、９例过敏性非哮喘（ＡＮ组）患者以及１０例正常对照者（Ｎ组）用过敏原屋尘螨提取液（ＨＤＭ）进行全肺吸入激发,测定激发前后支气管肺泡灌洗（ＢＡＬ）液和周围血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的ＣＤ４ＣＤ２５细胞、嗜酸粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）、ＩＬ５、嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ＥＣＰ）水平。结果ＡＡ组迟发气道反应（ＬＡＲ）发生率明显高于ＡＮ组,差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜００１）,此种差异与ＢＡＬ液中的ＥＯＳ计数（ｒ＝０５３９,Ｐ＜００５）、ＣＤ４ＣＤ２５细胞、ＩＬ５及ＥＣＰ水平相关。结论ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞活化与哮喘状态有关,也与过敏状态有关;特异过敏原刺激是过敏性哮喘病人ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞活化的重要原因;ＩＬ５是ＥＯＳ选择性活化因子,它主要在气道局部调控ＥＯＳ的聚集和活化     

哮喘患儿血清IL-12 、IL- 4与IgE水平变化的研究

目的 研究哮喘患儿白细胞介素12(IL—12)、白细胞介素4(IL—4)与免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平的变化。方法 哮喘患儿30例，随机分为：发作组15例；缓解组：15例。健康对照组：20例。分别检测血清IL—12、IL—4(ELISA法)与IgE(MELA法)水平。结果 发作组血清IL—12水平明显低于缓解组，有显性差异(P＜0．05)，缓解组血清IL—12水平明显低于对照组，有显性差异(P＜0．01)；发作组血清IL—4水平明显高于缓解组，有显性差异(P＜0．05)，缓解组血清IL—4水平明显高于对照组，有显性差异(P＜0．01)；发作组血清IgE水平明显高于缓解组，有显性差异(P＜0．05)，缓解组血清IgE水平明显高于对照组，有显性差异(P＜0．01)。哮喘患儿血清IL—12水平与IgE呈负相关(P＜0．01)，哮喘患儿血清IL—4水平与IgE呈正相关(P＜0．01)。结论 哮喘患儿血清IL—12水平降低，IL—4和IgE水平升高，表明儿童哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症，在缓解期仍需抗炎治疗。     

Contribution of protein kinase C to passively sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation

Airwaysmoothmuscleproliferationplaysanimportantroleinairwayremodelinginasthma Itisanimportantpathophysiologicalbasisofirreversibleairwayobstructionandpersistentairwayhyperresponsiveness Itiscrucialtostudytheintracellularsignaltransductionpathwayintheairwaysmoothmusclecells (ASMCs)proliferationinordertounderstandthemechanismofasthmaanddeveloppotentialtherapiesforairwayremodelinginasthma 1,2BecauseASMCsfromasthmaticpatientsaredifficulttoacquire,manyresearchersabroadhaveadoptedthetechniquekno…     

哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞A_3腺苷受体mRNA表达的研究

目的 :通过研究腺苷、白细胞介素 (IL) 1及茶碱对哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMCs)A3 腺苷受体 (A3 AR)mRNA表达的影响 ,探讨A3 AR在哮喘发病中的作用 ,从基因水平为茶碱应用于治疗提供理论依据。方法 :用Ficoll Hypaque液分离PBMCs ,并将其分成对照组、腺苷组、腺苷加IL 1组及腺苷加茶碱组 ,体外培养 18h ,收集细胞 ,采用逆转录 多聚酶联反应 (RT PCR)法和图像分析半定量法检测PBMCsA3 ARmRNA表达。结果 :哮喘患者PBMCs腺苷加IL 1组A3 ARmRNA表达较对照组、腺苷组明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;腺苷加茶碱组A3 ARmRNA表达减少 ,与腺苷加IL 1组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。哮喘患者PBMCs各组A3 ARmRNA表达与正常人对应组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。腺苷或IL 1对哮喘患者PBMCs表达A3 ARmRNA的影响与血清总免疫球蛋白 (TIg)E水平呈显著正相关 (r =0 .65 ,P <0 .0 5 ;r =0 .78,P <0 .0 1) ,哮喘患者PBMCs表达A3 ARmRNA及腺苷、IL 1对其的影响与第 1秒用力呼气容积实测值占预计值的百分比 (FEV1% )呈明显负相关 (r =-0 .72 ,P <0 .0 5 ;r=-0 .91,P <0 .0 1;r=-0 .64 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :哮喘患者PBMCs表达A3 ARmRNA增加 ;腺苷、IL 1对哮喘患者PBMCsA3 ARmRNA表达的影响与机体过敏状态及气道阻塞程度有关     

The Effects of Protein Kinase C （PKC） on the Tension of Normal and Passively Sensitized Human Airway Smooth Muscle and the Activity of Voltage-dependent Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channel （Kv）

The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) on the tension and the activity of volt- age-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv) were examined in normal and passively sen- sitized human airway smooth muscle (HASM), by measuring tones and whole-cell patch clamp tech- niques, and the Kv activities and membrane potential (Em) were also detected. The results showed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, caused a concentration-dependent constric- tion in normal HASM rings. The constriction of the passively sensitized muscle in asthma serum group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05), and the constrictions of both groups were completely abolished by PKC inhibitor Ro31-8220 and calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine. Kv activities of HASM cells were significantly inhibited by PMA, and the Em became more positive, as compared with the DMSO (a PMA menstruum)-treated group (P<0.01). This effect could be blocked by Ro31-8220 (P<0.01). It was concluded that activation of PKC could increase the tones of HASM, which might be related to the reduced Kv activity. In passively sensitized HASM rings, this effect was more notable.     

The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on the Expression of PKCα in the Inflammatory Cells and the Level of IL-5 in Induced Sputum of Asthmatic Patients

To investigate the effect of the Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GBE) on the asthma and examine its possible mechanisms, 75 asthma patients were divided into 4 groups and the patients were respectively treated with fluticasone propionate for 2 weeks or 4 weeks, or treated with fluticasone propionate plus GBE for 2 weeks or 4 weeks. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as healthy controls. Sputum inhalation with inhaling hypertonic saline (4%-5%) was performed. Lung ventilatory function and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured. The numbers of different cells in induced sputum were calculated. The expression of PKCα in the cells was immunocytochemically detected and the percentages of positive cells in different cells were counted. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) in sputum supernatants was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of eosinophils, lymphocytes, PKCα positive inflammatory cells and the concentration of IL-5 in asthmatic patients were higher than those in the controls (P＜0.05), and the eosinophils, lymphocytes,positive expression of PKCα and the level of IL-5 were significantly decreased in asthmatic patients after they were treated with fluticasone propionate or fluticasone propionate plus GBE. However,they were still significantly higher than those of the controls. Compared to the group treated with glucocorticosteroid for 2 weeks, no significant decrease was found in the percentage of eosinophils,lymphocytes, PKCα positive inflammatory cells and the IL-5 in the supernatant of induced sputum.Compared with the group treated with glucocorticosteroid for 2 or 4 weeks, significant decrease in the same parameters was observed in the group treated with fluticasone propionate and GBE for 4 weeks. The IL-5 level in the supernatant of induced sputum was positively correlated with the percentage of PKCα-positive inflammatory cells and the percentage of eosinophils in the induced sputum in asthma patient groups respectively (n=150, r= 0.83, P＜0.01; n=150, r=0.76, P＜0.01). The FEV1 was negatively correlated with the percentage of PKCα-positive inflammatory cells and the IL-5 levels in supernatant of induced sputum in asthma patients respectively (n=150, r=-0.77,P＜0.01; n=150, r= -0.64, P＜0.01). It is concluded that GBE could significantly decrease the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes in the asthmatic airway and relieve the airway inflammation. GBE may decrease the activation of the PKCα in the inflammatory cells and thereby decrease the IL-5 level in induced sputum. GBE may be used as a complement to the glucocorticosteroid therapy for asthma.     

Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Notchl in lung T cells of asthmatic mice affects T cell differentiation

Background The immunologic response to allergens mediated by T lymphocytes is an incipient key element in the pathogenesis of asthma,and Th1/Th2 balance is regarded as the core of asthma pathogenesis.Notch is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein that regulates differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis in a broad range of cells.It is considered that the Notch signal pathway works in every stage of T cell development and differentiation.Whether the pathway of asthma pathogenesis is related to Notch1 remains unknown.This study is aimed to investigate whether the pathway of asthma pathogenesis is related to Notch1 by examining the effect of knockdown of the Notch1 gene by small interfering RNA on T cell differentiation.Methods An OVA-induced asthma mouse model was established.The expression of Notch1 in the tissue and T cells of the lung from asthmatic mice was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The expression of Notch1 and cytokine interleukin(IL)-4 and interferon(IFN)-γ in activated lung T cells was detected by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after blocking Notch1 by small interfering RNA.Results The mRNA and protein expression of Notch1 increased significantly both in the lung tissue and lung T cells of asthmatic mice(both P＜0.05).IL-4 decreased and IFN-γ increased significantly in active lung T cells after Notch1 was blocked by Notch1-specific small interfering RNA(IL-4:(2.51±0.51)pg/ml vs 0.64±0.27)pg/ml protein;IFN-γ:(21.72±4.24)pg/ml vs(39.79±4.09)pg/ml protein,P＜0.05).Conclusion This study demonstrated that the Notch1 signal might play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma by its involvement in Th1/Th2 differentiation.     

白三烯受体拮抗剂对哮喘局部免疫影响的实验研究

目的为研究白三烯(LTs)拮抗剂安可来(Accolate)对哮喘大鼠气道嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、淋巴细胞(Lym)浸润以及T细胞活化表达白细胞介素-2受体(IL-2R)的影响,探讨安可来治疗哮喘的作用机制.方法应用卵清蛋白腹腔注射致敏和反复超声雾化吸入激发诱喘建立大鼠哮喘模型.随机分为正常对照组(A组)、阳性对照组(B组)、预防治疗组(C组)和治疗组(D组).A组以生理盐水致敏和激发,B、C、D组建立哮喘模型.C组自激发诱喘前1周起预防性给予安可来饲喂,诱喘期继续治疗.D组自激发日起行安可来饲喂.病理切片观察大鼠支气管壁EOS、Lym浸润,ABC法检测大鼠T细胞IL-2R的表达.结果正常对照组大鼠支气管壁可见少量Lym浸润但无明显EOS浸润和炎症反应,IL-2R阳性细胞数目很少.阳性对照组支气管壁EOS、Lym浸润以及IL-2R阳性细胞数目明显增多,较正常对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01).饲喂安可来预防和(或)治疗能减少支气管壁EOS、Lym浸润以及IL-2R阳性细胞数目,与阳性对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论安可来能减轻哮喘大鼠肺组织炎症反应,抑制EOS、Lym等炎症细胞向气道组织的浸润,对大鼠T细胞活化表达IL-2R亦有明显抑制作用.     

脐带血细胞和白细胞介素-4含量与哮喘遗传表型关系的研究

目的通过检测哮喘产妇新生儿脐带血(以下简称脐血)来阐明与支气管哮喘发病有关的遗传表型。方法收集39例哮喘产妇分娩新生儿和46名正常产妇分娩新生儿的脐血,检测脐血中嗜酸粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞值,总IgE、白细胞介素(IL)4含量,嗜碱粒细胞释放介质的能力;从体外培养植物血凝素(PHA)刺激的单个核细胞上清中测定IL4含量以及从纯化的嗜碱粒细胞和T淋巴细胞观察IL4mRNA的表达。结果(1)哮喘产妇组以高渗甘露醇和抗人IgE作为刺激剂,其脐血中嗜碱粒细胞的释放能力增高率分别为64.10%和15.22%,正常产妇组分别为17.95%和2.17%,两组比较P<0.005,P<0.025。(2)两组产妇嗜碱粒细胞经高渗刺激可见明显的IL4mRNA表达,但从纯化的T淋巴细胞经高渗刺激未见明显的IL4mRNA表达;从体外培养PHA刺激的从脐血分离的单个核细胞上清中所测得的IL4值两组间差异无统计学意义。(3)脐血中嗜酸粒细胞值、总IgE值、IL4值两组间差异无统计学意义。结论哮喘产妇新生儿脐血嗜碱粒细胞存在着质的异常,并明显表达IL4mRNA,提示它可能是哮喘发病有关的遗传表型。