中医期刊治疗膝关节骨关节炎方剂用药特点分析

目的分析中医期刊中治疗膝关节骨关节炎方荆的用药特点。方法收集1997年至2003年中医期刊发表的治疗膝关节骨关节炎方剂，将方剂资料建立数据库，统计方剂的药物使用频数，归纳药物的性味、功效、类别频数，并比较内服方剂和外用方剂之间的差异。结果纳入研究的有100首内服方剂和105首外用方剂。内服方常用药物有牛膝、当归、熟地、白芍、黄芪、威灵仙、独活、甘草、杜仲、川芎等；外用方常用的药物有川乌、透骨草、红花、草鸟、威灵仙、没药、牛膝、乳香、伸筋草等。内服方和外用方使用频数前40位药物中，性、味类剐频数（构成比）的差异无显著性意义（P=0．883、0．108），补虚、祛风湿、活血化瘀3类药物频数（构成比）的差异有显著性意义（P=0．039）。结论治疗骨关节炎方剂的用药特点：常用温热辛散之品，旨在散邪通络；合用祛风湿补虚化瘀类药物，意为标本兼治。内服方荆多用补虚之品，重在补虚治本；外用方剂多用祛风湿、化瘀之药，意在祛邪治标。     

中药复方温热加工后外治类风湿关节炎用药规律研究

目的：研究分析中药复方温热加工后外治类风湿关节炎的用药规律。方法：通过中国知网数据库、重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库收集1979—2011年治疗类风湿性关节炎温热加工的中药复方共222首,采用Access2003建立药物数据库,应用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析,提炼用药规律。结果：总结使用药物分类频数频率、各类常用药物频数频率、高频使用药物的结果。结论：中药复方温热加工外治类风湿关节炎,重在运用祛风湿、活血化瘀、解表、补虚、清热药,以畅通气血,达到消肿止痛的目的。即使为补虚药也宜选补而不滞、兼有散通之药。常用高频药物为桂枝,能加强方药发散通经的作用。     

金华地区防治新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的中药处方分析

目的：探索中药治疗新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎(COVID-19)的临床组方原则及用药特色。方法：从本院中新冠肺炎患者选取50张处方,提取方药信息,并对药物频数、药物类别等进行频数分析及聚类分析。结果：用药频次最高的五位药物分别是：虎杖、桔梗、三叶青、土茯苓、赤芍。药类频数分析反映清热药、化痰药、补虚药使用频率最高,其中以清热解毒药最为常用,并通过聚类分析得出常用药物4个组合。结论：本院中医临床论治COVID-19肺炎具有润燥相合,相因制宜,灵活辨治,注重治本的用药特点,并通过数据挖掘方法,总结高频中药及其聚类分析的结果,可以为临床用药提供一定的参考和指导。     

基于数据挖掘邵征洋教授治疗儿童抽动障碍的用药规律

摘要：目的 运用数据挖掘技术研究邵征洋教授治疗儿童抽动障碍的用药规律。方法 从邵征洋教授门诊治疗儿童抽动障碍的107首首诊处方作为研究对象,提取方药信息,对每首处方的最主要症状及处方中药物使用频次,类别及性味频次进行频数分析,并运用关联规律分析、系统聚类分析等方法进行数据挖掘,以探究深层次的中医用药规律。结果 所有处方共总结出7大类抽动表现,出现频率最高的3种表现依次为：眨眼、咽部发声、抽鼻。使用频次≥14的中药共有28味,其中甘草用药频数为最。药物类别主要为清热药、补虚药、平肝息风药等。药性使用频数最多的为温性药,药味使用频数最多的是甘味药。关联规则分析显示常用药物组合主要有甘草→桔梗、荆芥→薄荷、甘草→玄参、荆芥→防风4组药物。系统聚类分析将药物分为7组常用聚类方,包括芍药甘草汤、六味汤及经验药对等。结论 邵教授认为“外风引动内风”乃儿童抽动障碍最为常见之病机,“肝风内动”为最核心之病机,提出以“内外风同治”的治疗原则,同时兼顾健脾、祛痰、疏肝之法。     

近现代医家论治骨痹(骨性关节炎)内治方药组方规律研究

【目的】探讨近现代医家关于骨痹(骨性关节炎)内治方药的遣方用药规律。【方法】对来源于近现代各医家关于骨痹内治方药的原始文献信息进行采集、整理,运用频数分析、聚类分析等统计学方法,同时结合中医药理论及方证对应法分析骨痹内治方药的组方用药规律。【结果】共收集到骨痹内治方剂174首,用药201味,其中补虚药、活血化瘀药、祛风湿药的累计频率达到70.8%;四气中温性、平性、寒性3类药物的累计频率达到93.05%;五味中甘、辛、苦类药物的累计频率达到93.33%,药物应用频次以当归、牛膝、甘草、白芍、川芎、续断、杜仲为最高;通过系统聚类形成了4个聚类方。【结论】(1)骨痹内治方药的组方用药规律为辛甘苦燥,甘温并施;平调脏腑,标本兼顾;补中有泻,泻中有补;虫类搜剔,力宏效专。(2)总体用药药味以甘、辛、苦为主,药性以温、平、寒为主,归经以肝肾脾为主。药类以补虚药、活血化瘀药、祛风湿药为主。(3)通过以方测证得出的骨痹病的基本证型有4个,分别为风寒湿痹型、风湿热痹型、肾虚血瘀型、肝肾亏虚型。(4)虚、瘀、痰、邪是致病的主要因素,总的治法治则以补益温通为主,兼以祛瘀化痰,祛风湿通络。     

浅析中医治疗溃疡性结肠炎的证治特点

目的:探索总结中医内治方治疗溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)的证型特点及用药特点。方法:收集近20年治疗UC的文献,录入"中药复方分析"软件,对其证型、药类、核心药物、药对进行统计分析。结果:常见证型居前5位的为大肠湿热证、脾虚肝旺证、脾胃气虚兼湿阻气滞证、脾肾阳虚证、脾胃气虚兼大肠湿热证;居前10位的核心药物为甘草、白术、党参、木香、黄连、白芍、茯苓、黄芪、当归、陈皮,其常用药组是核心药物的排列组合。结论:大肠湿热证、脾胃气虚证是UC最常见证型;补虚药、清热药、除湿药(化湿、渗湿)、温里药的遣用是其基本配伍结构,理气药、活血药、收涩药、止血药的遣用是其重要的增效配伍结构;芍药甘草汤、白术茯苓汤、香连丸、四君子汤是治疗UC内治方的常用基础方。     

葛根姜黄散治疗颈椎病方证对应的临床运用 ——国医大师熊继柏学术思想与临床经验研究

颈椎病为临床多发病,其中以神经根型为主,属中医颈痹范畴,中医治病常先辨其病证,再选方用药,病证与方相互对应,做到方证合拍。针对神经根型颈椎病中颈胀、头痛、上肢肩臂痛等症状,国医大师熊继柏常用葛根姜黄散进行辨治,该方由葛根、片姜黄、威灵仙3药组成,能够有效缓解此类病证。     

金明秀教授治痹经验

在治疗风湿类疾病(痹证、痹病)方面,金明秀教授认为正气不足是致痹基础和发病的必要条件,邪侵是致痹的重要条件,本虚标实是其病理性质,治疗原则先其所因,强调整体治疗。依据患病症状,并结合西医疾病特点,重视扶正祛邪,临证自拟痹证基础方加减治疗痹证,临床疗效显著。并在临床中注意辨部位用药,善用药对及虫类、祛风及温阳药,形成了模块组合式治痹经验。     

失眠症治疗方剂用药特点浅析

目的：通过统计分析失眠症治疗方剂中的常用药物使用频数,总结归纳失眠症的主要病机及用药特点。方法：收集《中医方剂大辞典》中治疗失眠症方剂286首,对其进行整理分析和研究。结果：补虚药、安神药、清热药、及利水渗湿药、化痰止咳平喘药、解表药、理气药、活血化瘀药是中医治疗失眠症的常用药物,初步推测失眠症的主要病机是正气亏虚,阴虚火旺,痰湿内生,气滞血瘀等,基本病理变化为阳盛阴虚,阴阳失交,虚实夹杂。     

仝士颖治疗痹证的经验

仝士颖认为，痹证的发生有内外二因．外受风寒湿热之邪，内系正气虚。急性期多实证、热证，慢性期多虚证、寒证。治疗强调，要有整体观，辨证施治，擅长用仲景方，认为仲景方系治痹证祖方，非常注重对兼证及标证的处理，并擅用虫类药，有时亦配合外治法，故而疗效显著。     

Comparison of result judgment algorithm of test for interfering factors in the bacterial endotoxins test among Chinese, Japanese, European, American, and Indian pharmacopeias

Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

社区老年人原发性高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病4种慢性病相关因素分析

原发性高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病在老年慢性病中占有重要地位，以上4种疾病有许多共同的危险因素，为了更有效的了解、控制这些危险因素，并实施有效的干预措施，我们对社区老年健康档案资料进行了调查，并对这4种疾病的危险因素进行了分析，现报道如下。     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Interpretation of illness in patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai and their associations with life satisfaction,escape from illness,and ability to reflect the implications of illness

The aim of this study is to analyze how patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai interpret their disease, and how these interpretations influence patients＇ life satisfaction, intention to escape from their illness and their ability to reflect on the implications of their illness. METHODS： A cross-sectional study enrolling 142 patients （mean age （50 ±16） years; 63% men, 37% women） with chronic diseases （60% cancer） was recruited in the Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China and surveyed using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS： Patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai interpreted their illness mostly as an Adverse Interruption of Life （55%）, as a Threat/Enemy （50%）, but also as a Challenge （49%）, and only rarely as a Call for Help （18%） or as a Punishment （13%）. Particularly fatalistic negative （i.e., Threat/Enemy, Adverse Interruption of Life） and strategy-associated disease interpretations （i.e., Relieving Break, Call for Help） were moderately associated with patients＇ intention to escape from illness. In contrast, positive interpretations （i.e., something of Value, Challenge） and also the guilt-associated negative interpretation Failure were moderately related with patients＇ ability to reflect on their illness. However, life satisfaction was weakly associated only with the view that illness might be a Challenge. Interestingly, 58% of those who would see their illness as an Adverse Interruption （AI＋） could see it also as a Challenge （Ch＋）. Detailed analyses showed that AI＋Ch＋ patients differ from their AI＋Chcounterparts significantly with respect to their ability to reflect life and implications of illness （F=9.1 ; P=-0.004）.     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor，EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始，转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平，改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认，EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段，但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度，     

Data analysis of 36 cases with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas for their clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment

Background Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm （IPMN） is a rare pancreatic cystic neoplasm,accounting for 1％ of all exocrine pancreatic neoplasms.This study aimed to summarize the clinicopathological and biological behaviors,as well as the experience in diagnosis and treatment of IPMN.Methods Clinicopathological data were collected from 36 cases with IPMN who were treated in Department of General Surgery,Peking University Third Hospital from May 2001 to July 2011.Results The 36 cases of IPMN patients included 27 males and 9 females （M∶F=3∶1）.The age of patients ranged from 52 to 78 years,with an average of 67.3 years.Regarding tumor location,20 tumors were located in pancreatic head,3 in pancreatic neck,10 in pancreatic body and tail,and 3 in the whole pancreas.All the 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,with 13 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy,3 cases of middle pancreatectomy,7 cases of tumor resection plus pancreaticojejunostomy,3 cases of distal pancreatectomy,7 cases of distal pancreatectomy plus spleen resection,and 3 cases of total pancreaticoduodenectomy.Of the 36 patients,9 patients underwent the operations under laparoscopy.The 36 cases included main duct type （14 cases,38.9％）,branch duct type （10 cases,27.7％）,and mixed duct type （12 cases,33.3％）.Pathologically,of the 36 cases,there were 7 IPMN adenomas,11 borderline IPMNs,6 IPMN with carcinomas in situ,and 12 IPMNs with invasive carcinomas.All the 36 cases were followed up.During an average of 42 months follow-up period （26-129 months）,no recurrence occurred.Conclusions IPMN,which primarily occurs in male,is a low-grade malignancy which may involve any part of the pancreas,with specific clinicopathological features.IPMN is a different malignancy type from pancreatic ductal carcinoma.Imaging and laboratory examination are helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.The prediction of invasive IPMN is still difficult.Surgical resection is recommended as the first choice of treatment.Aggressive and proper o     

中医疗法治疗运动性疲劳的研究进展

随着竞技体育的发展，运动员经常承受着大负荷、超强度的体力训练，因此极易产生运动性疲劳。疲劳的出现使肌内压增高，局部缺血，造成氧化代谢、H^＋排出率与pH值降低，血乳酸增高，从而影响肌纤维神经传导速度和肌内收缩力量，减弱了肌肉保护能力。致使较多的冲击力传到骨骼上，故易导致疲劳骨折的发生,严重影响了运动员的训练和比赛成绩，对运动员身心产生不必要的伤害。运动性疲劳消除手段的研究一直是竞技体育工作和运动医学关注和研究的焦点。