受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及与虐待经历的关系

目的 探讨受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系.方法 对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)测试.结果 受虐待组小学生PHCSS各因子分和总分均低于无虐待组:PHCSS总分[(53.56±13.12)分vs(63.11±8.68)分,P＜0.01],女生在行为和合群两个因子的得分高于男生[行为(11.68±3.34)分vs(13.13±2.23)分,P＜0.01;合群(8.05±2.16)分vs(9.14±1.82)分,P＜0.01],9～10岁组在总分和智力与学校表现两个维度的得分高于11～12岁组[总分(58.55±12 .17)分vs(54.68±12.90)分,P＜0.05;智力(11.56±3.54)分vs(10.38±3.47)分,P＜0.05].PRCA各因子分和总分与PHCSS各因子分和总分均呈负相关(r=-0.165～-0.524,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).情感虐待对行为、智力与学校表现、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.263～-0.402,P＜0.01);忽视对行为、智力与学校表现、身体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.156～-0.359,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);性虐待对躯体外貌与属性和合群具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.158～-0.170,P＜0.05);本研究中未发现躯体虐待有任何预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生自我概念的发展造成不良影响,情感虐待、忽视和性虐待均可显著预测个体的自我概念发展水平.     

儿童虐待对小学生行为问题的影响

目的研究受虐待小学生的行为问题及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系。方法对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)测试。结果受虐待组小学生CBCL各因子分和总分高于无虐待:CBCL总分[男生(45.02±43.46)分vs(14.41±14.37)分,t=4.79,P<0.01;女生(37.16±28.34)分vs(17.73±14.58)分,t=4.39,P<0.01],女生中11～12岁年龄组的社交退缩因子分高于9～10岁组[(3.80±2.91)分vs(2.47±2.94)分,t=2.19,P<0.05]。除性虐待外,PRCA各因子分和总分与CBCL各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.213～0.513,P<0.05或P<0.01)。情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待和忽视对男生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213～0.510,t=2.060～5.032,P<0.05或P<0.01);忽视和情感虐待对女生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.199～0.332,t=2.012～3.441,P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论儿童虐待可对小学生行为自我调节能力的发展造成不良影响,躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和性虐待可显著预测个体的行为问题。     

儿童虐待对小学生行为问题的影响

目的 研究受虐待小学生的行为问题及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系.方法 对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)测试.结果 受虐待组小学生CBCL各因子分和总分高于无虐待:CBCL总分[男生(45.02±43.46)分vs(14.41±14.37)分,t=4.79,P＜0.01;女生(37.16±28.34)分vs(17.73±14.58)分,t=4.39,P＜0.01],女生中11～12岁年龄组的社交退缩因子分高于9～10岁组[(3.80±2.91)分vs(2.47±2.94)分,t=2.19,P＜0.05].除性虐待外,PRCA各因子分和总分与CBCL各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.213～0.513,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待和忽视对男生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213～0.510,t=2.060～5.032,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);忽视和情感虐待对女生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.199～0.332,t=2.012～3.441,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 儿童虐待可对小学生行为自我调节能力的发展造成不良影响,躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和性虐待可显著预测个体的行为问题.     

小学生冲动性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生冲动性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Barratt冲动性人格量表(BIS-11),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的冲动性人格和受虐待情况.结果 受虐待者的无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分均高于未受虐待者[冲动性总分(40.39±10.68)分vs(30.34±10.26)分,t =5.96,P ＜0.01],男生的动机冲动性明显高于女生[(28.98±14.42)分vs(24.46±11.52)分,t =2.28,P ＜0.05].躯体虐待、情感虐待和虐待总分与无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分呈正相关(r =0.337～0.514,P ＜0.01),忽视与冲动性人格所有因子和总分呈正相关(r =0.187～0.419,P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),性虐待仅与动机冲动性呈正相关(r =0.192,P ＜0.05).情感虐待对无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.185～0.395,t =1.975～5.589, P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),忽视对无计划冲动性、注意冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.272～0.294,t =3.037～3.756,P ＜0.01),躯体虐待和性虐待对动机冲动性具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213,t =3.025,P ＜0.01;Beta值=0.157,t =2.441,P ＜0.05).结论 小学生的冲动性人格与受虐待经历有关,儿童虐待对冲动性人格的形成具有预测作用.     

儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析

目的 编制儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA),并对它进行初步的信度、效度分析.方法 对179例小学生进行了PRCA测试,分析PRCA的内部一致性,重测信度,内容效度及校标效度,并分析小学生的受虐待情况.结果 PRCA的虐待总分的cronbach's α系数为0.87,躯体虐待因子为0.85,情感虐待因子为0.73,性虐待因子为0.99,忽视因子为0.89.PRCA的重测信度为0.68,躯体虐待因子为0.46,情感虐待因子为0.56,性虐待因子为0.70,忽视因子为0.54.各因子之间相关系数为0.24～0.52,各因子与总分相关系数为0.53～0.77,与抑郁自评量表相关系数为0.35～0.77.受虐待组学生症自评量表总均分及各因子分均明显高于对照组[总均分:(1.84±0.61)分vs(1.59±0.57)分,t=2.84,P＜0.01].与女生相比,男生的受虐待程度较重,一年内受虐待次数较多[总分:(12.87±16.46)分vs(8.49±12.31)分,t=2.00,P＜0.05;频度:(1.72±1.71)分vs(1.16±1.16)分,t=2.53,P＜0.05].绝大部分虐待行为始发于10岁之前.结论 儿童期虐待史自评量表具有较好的信度、效度,可作为对儿童进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具.     

小学生攻击性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生攻击性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、Buss和Perry攻击性人格量表,对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的攻击性人格维度和受虐待情况.结果 与无虐待组相比,受虐待组小学生的攻击性人格各维度分和攻击性总分明显增高:攻击性总分[(32.60±8.01)分vs(19.28±4.97)分,t=11.51,P＜0.01],并且男生的攻击性高于女生:攻击性总分[(26.51±9.74)分vs(21.30±7.09)分,t=3.95,P＜0.01].躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和虐待总分与攻击性人格量表各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.287～0.797,P＜0.01),性虐待仅与躯体攻击、指向自我的攻击和攻击性总分呈正相关(r=0.159～0.181,P＜0.05).情感虐待能够正向预测躯体攻击、语言攻击、敌意、指向自我的攻击和总攻击性(Beta值=0.274～0.439,t=3.502～7.007,P＜0.01),躯体虐待能够正向预测攻击性人格的所有维度和总攻击性(Beta值=0.172～0.358,t=2.196～5.718,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),忽视能够正向预测愤怒和指向自我的攻击性(Beta值=0.203～0.235,t=2.770～3.207,P＜0.01),而性虐待对攻击性人格没有预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生的人格发展造成不良影响,使其形成高攻击性人格,躯体虐待、情感虐待和忽视对攻击性人格具有预测作用.     

儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析

目的编制儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA),并对它进行初步的信度、效度分析。方法对179例小学生进行了PRCA测试,分析PRCA的内部一致性,重测信度,内容效度及校标效度,并分析小学生的受虐待情况。结果PRCA的虐待总分的cronbach’sα系数为0.87,躯体虐待因子为0.85,情感虐待因子为0.73,性虐待因子为0.99,忽视因子为0.89。PRCA的重测信度为0.68,躯体虐待因子为0.46,情感虐待因子为0.56,性虐待因子为0.70,忽视因子为0.54。各因子之间相关系数为0.24~0.52,各因子与总分相关系数为0.53~0.77,与抑郁自评量表相关系数为0.35~0.77。受虐待组学生症自评量表总均分及各因子分均明显高于对照组[总均分:(1.84±0.61)分vs(1.59±0.57)分,t=2.84,P<0.01]。与女生相比,男生的受虐待程度较重,一年内受虐待次数较多[总分:(12.87±16.46)分vs(8.49±12.31)分,t=2.00,P<0.05;频度:(1.72±1.71)分vs(1.16±1.16)分,t=2.53,P<0.05]。绝大部分虐待行为始发于10岁之前。结论儿童期虐待史自评量表具有较好的信度、效度,可作为对儿童进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具。     

受虐待小学生人格的人际关系维度分析

目的 研究小学高年级学生人格的人际关系维度及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和中国青少年人格量表(QZPS-Q),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的人际关系特质和受虐待情况.结果 女生的温和、谨慎和人际关系总分高于男生[温和(24.2±4.5)分vs(22.5±4.6)分,P＜0.05;谨慎(21.3±3.7)分vs(18.1±4.4)分,P＜0.01;人际关系(59.2±7.6)分vs(53.9±8.4)分,P＜0.01],受虐待者的谨慎因子分数低于未受虐待者[(18.3±4.6)分vs(20.6±4.0)分,P＜0.01].躯体虐待、忽视、情感虐待和虐待总分分别与谨慎、人际关系总分呈负相关(r=0.229～-0.393,P＜0.01).虐待对人际关系特质具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.237～-0.307,t=-3.314～-4.491,P＜0.01),女生对人际关系特质具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.179～0.323,t=2.373～4.722,P＜0.05).结论 小学生人格的人际关系特质存在性别差异,人格特质的形成受受虐待经历的影响.     

综合干预对小学生受虐待现象和自我意识的影响

目的 探讨综合干预措施对小学生受虐待现象及其自我意识的影响作用.方法 采取整群抽样的方法对徐州市某区小学179名小学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)的调查.把179名小学生按班级随机分为干预组(88人)与对照组(91人).对干预组进行2个月的综合干预,干预结束半年后,对2组小学生重测儿童期虐待史自评量表和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表.结果 与对照组相比,干预组小学生的躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和总受虐待率下降较明显:总受虐待减少率(45.3% vs 19.0%,χ2=18.90,P ＜0.01).重复测量的方差分析发现,干预后自我意识量表得分显著高于干预前(P ＜0.05),但是综合干预措施对自我意识量表得分的增高没有明显作用(P ＞0.05).回归分析表明,影响自我意识得分增长值的因素有:干预后虐待、干预前自我意识得分和性别,其中干预后虐待和干预前自我意识得分对自我意识得分的增长值有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.123～-0.263,P ＜0.05;Beta值=-0.690～-0.790,P ＜0.01),女性对自我意识得分的增长值有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.086～0.166,P ＜0.05).结论 综合干预能减少小学生受虐待现象的发生,短期内难以显著改善小学生自我意识的发展状况.     

受虐待小学生人格的善良维度特点

目的 研究高年级小学生人格的善良维度特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和中国青少年人格量表(QZPS-Q),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的善良维度特质和受虐待情况.结果 ①女生的宽厚、利他、诚实和善良总分高于男生[(41.1±4.4)分,(37.6±6.6)分,(19.2±3.9)分,(17.1±4.6)分,(17.3±3.0)分,(15.3±3.5)分,(77.6±8.8)分,(69.9±12.6)分,F=9.379～15.709,P<0.01].②性虐待与善良维度无相关性,其它虐待形式与善良维度呈负相关r=-0.161～-0.369,P<0.05).③情感虐待对善良、宽厚和诚实具有负向预测作用,忽视对善良具有正向预测作用,女性对善良维度的所有因子具有正向预测作用(P<0.05).结论 小学生人格的善良特质存在性别差异,善良特质的形成受受虐待经历的影响.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…