儿童虐待对小学生行为问题的影响

目的 研究受虐待小学生的行为问题及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系.方法 对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)测试.结果 受虐待组小学生CBCL各因子分和总分高于无虐待:CBCL总分[男生(45.02±43.46)分vs(14.41±14.37)分,t=4.79,P＜0.01;女生(37.16±28.34)分vs(17.73±14.58)分,t=4.39,P＜0.01],女生中11～12岁年龄组的社交退缩因子分高于9～10岁组[(3.80±2.91)分vs(2.47±2.94)分,t=2.19,P＜0.05].除性虐待外,PRCA各因子分和总分与CBCL各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.213～0.513,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待和忽视对男生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213～0.510,t=2.060～5.032,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);忽视和情感虐待对女生行为问题具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.199～0.332,t=2.012～3.441,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 儿童虐待可对小学生行为自我调节能力的发展造成不良影响,躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和性虐待可显著预测个体的行为问题.     

小学生冲动性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生冲动性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Barratt冲动性人格量表(BIS-11),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的冲动性人格和受虐待情况.结果 受虐待者的无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分均高于未受虐待者[冲动性总分(40.39±10.68)分vs(30.34±10.26)分,t =5.96,P ＜0.01],男生的动机冲动性明显高于女生[(28.98±14.42)分vs(24.46±11.52)分,t =2.28,P ＜0.05].躯体虐待、情感虐待和虐待总分与无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分呈正相关(r =0.337～0.514,P ＜0.01),忽视与冲动性人格所有因子和总分呈正相关(r =0.187～0.419,P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),性虐待仅与动机冲动性呈正相关(r =0.192,P ＜0.05).情感虐待对无计划冲动性、动机冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.185～0.395,t =1.975～5.589, P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01),忽视对无计划冲动性、注意冲动性和冲动性总分具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.272～0.294,t =3.037～3.756,P ＜0.01),躯体虐待和性虐待对动机冲动性具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.213,t =3.025,P ＜0.01;Beta值=0.157,t =2.441,P ＜0.05).结论 小学生的冲动性人格与受虐待经历有关,儿童虐待对冲动性人格的形成具有预测作用.     

受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及与虐待经历的关系

目的探讨受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系。方法对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和P iers-harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)测试。结果受虐待组小学生PHCSS各因子分和总分均低于无虐待组:PHCSS总分[(53.56±13.12)分vs(63.11±8.68)分,P<0.01],女生在行为和合群两个因子的得分高于男生[行为(11.68±3.34)分vs(13.13±2.23)分,P<0.01;合群(8.05±2.16)分vs(9.14±1.82)分,P<0.01],9~10岁组在总分和智力与学校表现两个维度的得分高于11~12岁组[总分(58.55±12.17)分vs(54.68±12.90)分,P<0.05;智力(11.56±3.54)分vs(10.38±3.47)分,P<0.05]。PRCA各因子分和总分与PHCSS各因子分和总分均呈负相关(r=-0.165~-0.524,P<0.05或P<0.01)。情感虐待对行为、智力与学校表现、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.263~-0.402,P<0.01);忽视对行为、智力与学校表现、身体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.156~-0.359,P<0.05或P<0.01);性虐待对躯体外貌与属性和合群具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.158~-0.170,P<0.05);本研究中未发现躯体虐待有任何预测作用。结论儿童虐待可对小学生自我概念的发展造成不良影响,情感虐待、忽视和性虐待均可显著预测个体的自我概念发展水平。     

小学生攻击性人格与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究受虐待小学生攻击性人格的发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、Buss和Perry攻击性人格量表,对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的攻击性人格维度和受虐待情况.结果 与无虐待组相比,受虐待组小学生的攻击性人格各维度分和攻击性总分明显增高:攻击性总分[(32.60±8.01)分vs(19.28±4.97)分,t=11.51,P＜0.01],并且男生的攻击性高于女生:攻击性总分[(26.51±9.74)分vs(21.30±7.09)分,t=3.95,P＜0.01].躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和虐待总分与攻击性人格量表各因子分和总分呈正相关(r=0.287～0.797,P＜0.01),性虐待仅与躯体攻击、指向自我的攻击和攻击性总分呈正相关(r=0.159～0.181,P＜0.05).情感虐待能够正向预测躯体攻击、语言攻击、敌意、指向自我的攻击和总攻击性(Beta值=0.274～0.439,t=3.502～7.007,P＜0.01),躯体虐待能够正向预测攻击性人格的所有维度和总攻击性(Beta值=0.172～0.358,t=2.196～5.718,P＜0.05或P＜0.01),忽视能够正向预测愤怒和指向自我的攻击性(Beta值=0.203～0.235,t=2.770～3.207,P＜0.01),而性虐待对攻击性人格没有预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生的人格发展造成不良影响,使其形成高攻击性人格,躯体虐待、情感虐待和忽视对攻击性人格具有预测作用.     

儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析

目的 编制儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA),并对它进行初步的信度、效度分析.方法 对179例小学生进行了PRCA测试,分析PRCA的内部一致性,重测信度,内容效度及校标效度,并分析小学生的受虐待情况.结果 PRCA的虐待总分的cronbach's α系数为0.87,躯体虐待因子为0.85,情感虐待因子为0.73,性虐待因子为0.99,忽视因子为0.89.PRCA的重测信度为0.68,躯体虐待因子为0.46,情感虐待因子为0.56,性虐待因子为0.70,忽视因子为0.54.各因子之间相关系数为0.24～0.52,各因子与总分相关系数为0.53～0.77,与抑郁自评量表相关系数为0.35～0.77.受虐待组学生症自评量表总均分及各因子分均明显高于对照组[总均分:(1.84±0.61)分vs(1.59±0.57)分,t=2.84,P＜0.01].与女生相比,男生的受虐待程度较重,一年内受虐待次数较多[总分:(12.87±16.46)分vs(8.49±12.31)分,t=2.00,P＜0.05;频度:(1.72±1.71)分vs(1.16±1.16)分,t=2.53,P＜0.05].绝大部分虐待行为始发于10岁之前.结论 儿童期虐待史自评量表具有较好的信度、效度,可作为对儿童进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具.     

受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及与虐待经历的关系

目的 探讨受虐待小学生自我概念的发展特点及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系.方法 对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)测试.结果 受虐待组小学生PHCSS各因子分和总分均低于无虐待组:PHCSS总分[(53.56±13.12)分vs(63.11±8.68)分,P＜0.01],女生在行为和合群两个因子的得分高于男生[行为(11.68±3.34)分vs(13.13±2.23)分,P＜0.01;合群(8.05±2.16)分vs(9.14±1.82)分,P＜0.01],9～10岁组在总分和智力与学校表现两个维度的得分高于11～12岁组[总分(58.55±12 .17)分vs(54.68±12.90)分,P＜0.05;智力(11.56±3.54)分vs(10.38±3.47)分,P＜0.05].PRCA各因子分和总分与PHCSS各因子分和总分均呈负相关(r=-0.165～-0.524,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).情感虐待对行为、智力与学校表现、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.263～-0.402,P＜0.01);忽视对行为、智力与学校表现、身体外貌与属性、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足和总自我意识具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.156～-0.359,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);性虐待对躯体外貌与属性和合群具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.158～-0.170,P＜0.05);本研究中未发现躯体虐待有任何预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生自我概念的发展造成不良影响,情感虐待、忽视和性虐待均可显著预测个体的自我概念发展水平.     

儿童期虐待史自评量表的信度与效度分析

目的编制儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA),并对它进行初步的信度、效度分析。方法对179例小学生进行了PRCA测试,分析PRCA的内部一致性,重测信度,内容效度及校标效度,并分析小学生的受虐待情况。结果PRCA的虐待总分的cronbach’sα系数为0.87,躯体虐待因子为0.85,情感虐待因子为0.73,性虐待因子为0.99,忽视因子为0.89。PRCA的重测信度为0.68,躯体虐待因子为0.46,情感虐待因子为0.56,性虐待因子为0.70,忽视因子为0.54。各因子之间相关系数为0.24~0.52,各因子与总分相关系数为0.53~0.77,与抑郁自评量表相关系数为0.35~0.77。受虐待组学生症自评量表总均分及各因子分均明显高于对照组[总均分:(1.84±0.61)分vs(1.59±0.57)分,t=2.84,P<0.01]。与女生相比,男生的受虐待程度较重,一年内受虐待次数较多[总分:(12.87±16.46)分vs(8.49±12.31)分,t=2.00,P<0.05;频度:(1.72±1.71)分vs(1.16±1.16)分,t=2.53,P<0.05]。绝大部分虐待行为始发于10岁之前。结论儿童期虐待史自评量表具有较好的信度、效度,可作为对儿童进行受虐待情况调查的自评工具。     

受虐待小学生人格的人际关系维度分析

目的 研究小学高年级学生人格的人际关系维度及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和中国青少年人格量表(QZPS-Q),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的人际关系特质和受虐待情况.结果 女生的温和、谨慎和人际关系总分高于男生[温和(24.2±4.5)分vs(22.5±4.6)分,P＜0.05;谨慎(21.3±3.7)分vs(18.1±4.4)分,P＜0.01;人际关系(59.2±7.6)分vs(53.9±8.4)分,P＜0.01],受虐待者的谨慎因子分数低于未受虐待者[(18.3±4.6)分vs(20.6±4.0)分,P＜0.01].躯体虐待、忽视、情感虐待和虐待总分分别与谨慎、人际关系总分呈负相关(r=0.229～-0.393,P＜0.01).虐待对人际关系特质具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.237～-0.307,t=-3.314～-4.491,P＜0.01),女生对人际关系特质具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.179～0.323,t=2.373～4.722,P＜0.05).结论 小学生人格的人际关系特质存在性别差异,人格特质的形成受受虐待经历的影响.     

小学生人格的综合性维度特点及其与受虐待经历的关系

目的 研究小学高年级学生的人格发展特点及其与受虐待经历的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和中国青少年人格量表(QZPS-Q),对172名小学五、六年级学生进行测评,分别评估他们的人格特质和受虐待情况.结果 女生的他人指向特点和事物指向特点得分高于男生[他人指向特点(107.9±11.3)分,(97.2±16.3)分,F=18.57,P＜0.01;事物指向特点(180.1±20.8)分,(165.6±24.8)分,F=8.58,P＜0.01],受虐待者的他人指向特点和事物指向特点得分低于未受虐待者[他人指向特点(99.4±16.7)分,(104.8±13.4)分,t=2.12,P＜0.05;事物指向特点(167.4±24.4)分,(176.5±23.0)分,t=2.37,P＜0.05].虐待(除性虐待外)与自我指向特点、他人指向特点和事物指向特点呈负相关(r=-0.176～-0.369,P＜0.05).情感虐待和躯体虐待对自我指向特点、他人指向特点和事物指向特点具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.132～-0.341,t=1.974～5.068,P＜0.05);性别对他人指向特点和事物指向特点具有正向预测作用(Beta值=0.279～0.333,t=3.886～4.953,P＜0.01).结论 小学生的人格特质存在性别差异,人格特质的形成受受虐待经历的影响.     

儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系研究

目的 探讨儿童期虐待和父母养育方式与抑郁症的关系.方法 采用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对符合入组标准的98例抑郁症患者进行评估,并与100例正常人群进行对照,采用汉密顿抑郁量表(24项,HAMD)评定抑郁症状严重程度.结果 抑郁症患者儿童期受虐待史率(36.7%)明显高于正常人(9.0%),差异具有显著性(P<0.01).抑郁症患者的父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认[分别为(17.95±5.72)分,(13.89±5.40)分.(10.45±3.47)分,(13.99±4.85)分],高于对照组[分别为(15.98±4.86)分,(11.61±4.19分)分,(8.02±2.98)分,(11.14±3.76)分],而父母情感温暖理解因子,低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).抑郁症状与情感虐待、性虐待、忽视因子及父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉因子呈显著正相关r=0.298～0.540,P<0.05或P<0.01),与父母情感温暖理解因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.350～-0.508,P<0.05或P<0.01).情感虐待、性虐待、忽视和虐待总分与父母养育方式多个因子分存在显著相关(r=-0.479～0.523,P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 抑郁症患者儿童期遭遇过较多的情感虐待、性虐待和忽视,父母养育方式影响儿童虐待的发生,儿童期被受虐待经历和父母不良养育方式与抑郁症的形成有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.