青光眼住院患者盲目原因分析

报告我院１９８３～１９９２年收治３１９例（５９８只眼）青光眼患者盲目原因分析，结果盲目１６２例（２９９只眼）总致盲达５０．７８％，其中：急性闭角型青光眼发病２４４例（４７２只眼）占７６．４９％为首位，致盲率５３．６９％，也为最高，其次为慢性闭角型青光眼５３例（９２只眼），发病率为１６．６１％，致盲率４１．５１％，青光眼盲目原因中因治疗不及时和治疗不恰当者１５２例，占９６．８１％而与年龄最为密切相关     

不同剂量的尿激酶治疗视网膜静脉阻塞等出血性眼病的疗效评价

一、前言眼底病为一重要致盲眼病,据广州地区1120例(1499眼)致盲原因分析,单眼盲741例因眼底病致盲者95眼,占12.84％,于白内障,眼外伤之后居第3位;双眼盲379例,因眼底病致盲29例,占3.82％居第6位。在致盲眼底病中,因视网膜中心静脉阻塞(CRVO)、糖尿病性视网膜病变、高血压性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉周围炎等出血性眼病而致盲者,也超过总例数半数以上。我科于1982～1983年底临床应用尿激酶治疗上述眼病所致眼底出血共     

60岁及以上人群眼疾流行病学调查与治疗

目的调查门诊患者中≥60岁人群中眼疾患病率及其致盲与低视力的原因。方法将2007年1—12月我院眼科门诊患者2556例中≥60岁的患者634例作为调查对象。采用WHO盲与低视力标准，由专门眼科医生作外眼、前房、晶状体、眼底等检查，对所有视力〈0．3的患眼进行主要病原诊断及治疗。结果就诊634例中，盲及低视力患病率占10．57％，致盲及低视力的主要眼病依次为白内障（6．94％）、视网膜及视神经病变（1．58％）、角膜疾病（0．95％）、玻璃体病（0．79％）、青光眼（0．32％）。结论白内障仍占致盲和低视力病因的首位，今后防盲、治盲的重点应是白内障的手术复明。     

青光眼致盲原因分析(965例1311眼统计摘要)

按照1973年WHO制定的盲目标准,对我院眼科1968年至1988年青光眼住院患者1546例进行统计,致盲者965例,其中单眼盲619例,双眼盲346例,计1311眼。本文对其致盲原因进行了分析,提出一些数据,以供青光眼防盲     

角膜穿通伤32例临床分析及治疗体会

眼外伤是眼科致盲的主要原因之一,角膜穿通伤又是眼外伤中危害最大、致盲率最高的眼部损伤,预后差,但正确与及时的处理可以减少盲目的发生。我院近期收治了32例角膜穿通伤的病人,占同期159例眼外伤住院病人的20.13％,占同期476例眼科总住院人数的6.72％,现将临床分析及治疗体会报告如下。 一般资料 眼别与职业:本组32例角膜穿通伤,除     

沂蒙山区盲目和低视力调查报告

报告沂蒙山区8238人的盲目和低视力的流调结果,查出双眼盲31例,双盲率为0.38％;单眼盲69例,单盲率为0.84％;双眼低视力51例,双低率为0.62％;单眼低视力73例,单低率为0.89％。致盲原因,白内障占首位,其次为遗传性眼病、角膜软化症、屈光不正、视神经病等。致单盲中眼外伤占第一位。     

上海市长宁区2003年至2008年老年性黄斑变性新发眼盲现况分析

对2003年至2008年本地区68岁及以上人群在防盲视力普（复）查中查出的老年性黄斑变性新发眼盲225例进行分析。结果显示,老年性黄斑变性新发眼盲占总新发眼盲21．5％,发病率从2003年的17．7％升至2008年的29．9％;其中以3、4级盲为主,分别占56．9％和41．3％。提示老年性黄斑变性已成为当前最主要致盲因素之一,是防盲的重点眼病。     

滥用激素后角膜溃疡的中西医结合治疗

角膜病是眼科常见病，角膜盲约占世界盲目的31％[1]，而角膜溃疡是致使角膜盲的主要因素，特别是近几年来，误用、滥用激素致使角膜溃疡的发病率渐趋增多，证情险恶，治疗棘手，致盲率高。笔者自1996年7月～1999年7月采用中西医结合的方法治疗本病28例(28只眼)取得了较好的疗效，现总结如下。     

眼外伤633例临床分析

目的：分析眼外伤发生的相关因素。方法：对633例住院眼外伤病例进行临床分析。结果：633例眼外伤占同期住院病人的19．26％，男性77．09％，女性22．91％，多发生于儿童、学生及青壮年，致伤原因以机械伤最多94％；单眼伤94.32％；致盲率50.55％。结论：眼外伤是致盲的主要原因之一，尤其在单眼盲中居首位，应积极预防，及时救治，减少眼外伤的发生，降低致盲率。     

眼外伤致盲92例分析

随着工农业生产的发展,眼外伤致盲有逐渐增长的趋势。现将我院1981年1月～1990年2月收治眼外伤致盲92例94眼分析如下。1 一般资料眼外伤453例,致盲912例94眼,占眼外伤总数2.1％。男性68例(73.9％),女性24例(26.1％),男女之比为2.8∶1。年龄最小11个月,最大76岁,其中20～45岁55例,占59.8％。单眼盲90例,双眼盲2例。农民最多共61例,占67.8％。眼外伤致盲中,眼球穿通伤59例,钝挫伤13例,爆炸伤17例,其它致伤3例。     

社区眼科门诊老年人视力损害及疾病分析

收集2006年1月到2009年12月北京市石景山区八角社区卫生服务中心眼科门诊就诊的987例60岁以上老年患者的视力情况及眼部疾病资料。结果显示,低视力及眼盲发病率性别差异无统计学意义（x^2=2．719,P=0．606）,视力低下严重程度与年龄有关（x^2=138．389,P=0．000）。在导致低视力及眼盲的各种疾病中白内障所占比例最高,分别为49．6％（62／125）和64．3％（36／56）。视力损害严重程度随着年龄增加逐渐加重,白内障是引起八角社区老年人低视力及眼盲的最主要的眼病。     

南昌市部分人群老年性白内障的现况及影响因素分析

了解南昌市部分50岁及以上人群老年性白内障的患病率、致盲率、致低视力率,探讨发生老年性白内障的相关危险因素。方法对2010年10月至2011年10月在江西省第二人民医院体检的南昌市居民进行调查,以我国目前白内障流行病学调查的标准及世界卫生组织盲与低视力的诊断标准,计算老年性白内障的患病率、致盲率和致低视力率。危险因素分析采用单因素和Logistic回归法。结果共调查50岁及以上受检者1 484例。其中男1 003例、占67.59%,女481例、占32.41%。共检出老年性白内障的总患病数为272例,总患病率18.33%,单眼发病率为5.74%,白内障致盲率为3.68%,白内障致低视力率为18.01%。年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、高血糖是可能导致老年性白内障发生的危险因素。结论白内障仍是高龄者的致盲眼病,南昌地区50岁以上白内障患病率较高,致盲率较低。白内障的发病是多种因素的结果。     

Risk factors for retinopathy in diabetes mellitus in Kelantan, Malaysia

Few attempts have been made to determine the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy which is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. One hundred and forty patients of diabetes mellitus were studied to determine the prevalence and types of retinopathy, and its relation to various risk factors. Nearly half (48.6%) of the patients suffered from retinopathy. The significant associated risk factors were long duration of diabetes, proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine level. However, there was no significant association between the prevalence of retinopathy and high levels of serum cholesterol, C-peptide levels, associated hypertension, and glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus. An effective screening programme for detection of retinopathy in the patients of diabetes as a regular practice is encouraged.     

宁波地区50岁及以上人群眼病流行病学调查

目的 了解宁波地区50岁及以上人群眼病患病率及其相关危险因素,对致盲眼病及低视力患者进行调查研究,分析宁波地区眼病的流行病学特点。 方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,于2015年3月-2016年7月在宁波地区随机抽取50岁及以上人群6 059人作为调查对象,予以问卷调查、视力、眼压、电脑验光、显微镜裂隙灯、眼底镜检查。分析各种眼病的患病率,评估主要致盲眼病。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计学分析,行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 抽样6 059例,实际检测5 448例,应答率为89.9%。在5 448名受检者中发现翼状胬肉、白内障、眼底疾病、青光眼、屈光不正和角膜病患病率分别为14.34%、23.22%、12.81%、1.08%、38.00%和2.06%。单眼和双眼盲患病率为0.95%和0.17%,单眼和双眼低视力患病率为3.34%和1.36%。白内障依然是盲与低视力的主要原因。χ2检验结果显示年龄(χ2=1 127.873,P<0.05)、户外工作(χ2=60.568,P<0.05)、居住环境(沿海与内陆社区,χ2=71.859,P<0.05)、糖尿病(χ2=10.193,P<0.05)对白内障患病率的影响差异有统计学意义,而高血压(χ2=3.149,P>0.05)、吸烟(χ2=0.202,P>0.05)、饮酒(χ2=0.179,P>0.05)对白内障患病率差异无统计学意义。χ2检验显示年龄、有无高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒对眼底病患病率差异的影响有统计学意义(χ2=377.049,30.619,302.620,26.928,6.826,均P<0.05),而户内外工作、海边内陆生活环境(χ2=2.336,0.165,均P>0.05)对眼底病患病率差异无统计学意义。 结论 该研究显示宁波地区50岁及以上人群常见眼病患病率及主要致盲眼病患病情况,为宁波地区各家医院眼科医疗资源分布和制定疾病诊疗技术的主攻方向提供了参考依据。      

Prevalence of microalbuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy in patients with insulin dependent diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was determined in adults with insulin dependent diabetes of five or more years' duration that had started before the age of 41. All eligible patients (n = 982) attending a diabetes clinic were asked to collect a 24 hour urine sample for analysis of albumin excretion by radioimmunoassay; 957 patients complied. Normoalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin excretion of less than or equal to 30 mg/24 h (n = 562), microalbuminuria as 31-299 mg/24 h (n = 215), and macroalbuminuria as greater than or equal to 300 mg/24 h (n = 180). The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients whose diabetes had developed before rather than after the age of 20. The prevalence of arterial hypertension increased with increased albuminuria, being 19%, 30%, and 65% in patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria respectively. The prevalence of proliferative retinopathy and blindness rose with increasing albuminuria, being 12% and 1.4%, respectively, in patients with normoalbuminuria, 28% and 5.6% in those with microalbuminuria and 58% and 10.6% in those with macroalbuminuria. An abnormal vibratory perception threshold was more common in patients with microalbuminuria (31%) and macroalbuminuria (50%) than in those with normoalbuminuria (21%). This study found a high prevalence (22%) of microalbuminuria, which is predictive of the later development of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is also characterised by an increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, blindness, and peripheral neuropathy. Thus, urinary excretion of albumin should be monitored routinely in patients with insulin dependent diabetes.     

糖骨康胶囊治疗糖尿病骨质疏松临床研究

目的:观察糖骨康胶囊对糖尿病骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法:将216例患者,遵照随机、盲法、对照原则分为治疗组144例、对照组72例,其中治疗组给予糖骨康胶囊,对照组给予甘露消渴丸,治疗8w后观察疗效。结果:治疗组显效率为40.0%;总有效率为88.6%。对照组显效率为28.9%,总有效率为82.6%。结论:糖骨康胶囊对2型糖尿病骨质疏松有显著的防治作用。     

Diabetic retinopathy for general practitioners

The most significant complication of diabetes mellitus involves the eye and which develops 85% of all diabetics eventually to retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of blindness between 4th and 7th decades. It is essentially a microangiopathy with two distinct stages during its evolution, the preclinical and clinical stages. Diabetic maculopathy is the commonest cause of visual loss in diabetics. Progression of the diseases can be retarded by early diagnosis and using appropriate measures. Well known risk factors are diabetes age, metabolic control of hypertension, associated renal disease and pregnancy. The management plan of the secondary level is early diagnosis and laser photocoagulation or surgical intervention. Vitreoretinal surgery is certainly of benefit in patients with advanced diabetic eye disease. The PROMPT factors can be applied to decrease diabetes mellitus related blindness.     

糖尿病合并角膜炎患者围手术期的临床管理及防治策略

目的 探讨糖尿病合并感染性角膜炎患者的临床特点及感染菌构成特点。方法 对2006 年6 月-2015 年6 月河北省眼科医院按照同一诊断标准收治的320 例糖尿病合并感染性角膜炎患者,以及320 例非糖尿病感染性角膜炎患者进行回顾性分析,采集两组患者术前临床资料,观察并分析感染性角膜炎特点,探讨防治措施。结果 角膜炎伴有糖尿病患者合并高血压、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、眼部用药史高于单纯角膜炎患者。角膜炎感染患者中,伴有糖尿病患者的真菌感染率为40.31%,高于对照组的20.00%（P <0.05）。本地角膜炎伴 有糖尿病患者真菌感染以镰刀霉属、菌丝体较多见,占真菌感染的59.69% ;细菌感染中,以肺炎链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌较多见,占细菌感染的47.54%。结论 糖尿病感染性角膜炎是致盲的常见原因,应早期进行病原学检查和积极做好感染性角膜炎的预防,一旦发生角膜炎,要根据感染菌特点采取不同治疗措施,有助于视功能的恢复。     

Cranial diabetes insipidus caused by giant cell arteritis

A 78 year old woman was admitted with symptoms of diabetes insipidus and was found to have a high ESR, the cause of which was uncertain. Five months later she presented with blindness, and cranial arteritis was confirmed by temporal artery biopsy. The endocrine abnormality returned to normal after steroid therapy. The association between these two conditions is discussed.     

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinal involvement from diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of new blindness in the United States. Many diabetic patients, though they have perfect vision and no ocular complaints or symptoms, harbor retinal pathology capable of leading to severe loss of vision. Therefore, all medical personnel caring for the diabetic patient must recognize the importance of dilated pupil retinal examinations by an ophthalmologist or vitreoretinal surgeon. Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment is a major factor leading to blindness from diabetic retinopathy. On a more positive note, prompt laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy can reduce severe visual loss by more than 50%.