无创正压通气救治慢性阻塞性肺疾病并重度呼吸衰竭

经鼻或口鼻面罩无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗是近年来治疗系统疾病的重要进展。NIPPV可使通气机性能不断完善,现在已成为呼吸衰竭的一线有效治疗方法[1]。一般认为NIPPV治疗轻、中度呼吸衰竭疗效明确,当合并重度呼吸衰竭有神志障碍者多被列为相对禁忌症[2]。近年来实践证明,NIPPV亦可用于COPD并重度呼吸衰竭伴有神志障碍患者[3,4]。我们应用双水平无创呼吸机经面罩无创正压通气救治COPD并重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍患者共26例,效果良好,现报告如下。1对象与方法1·1对象26例患者中男11例,女15例;年龄66~82岁,平均72岁。所…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并重度呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气的临床探讨

目的：探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）在慢性阻塞性晡：疾病（COPD）重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍患者中的临床应用。方法：选择COPD重度呼吸衰竭与有不同程度的神志障碍者32例,在综合治疗的基础上,对患者应用无创正压呼吸机面罩辅助通气,采』q止苦治疗前后对照,动态观察NPPV治疗前和通气治疗后2h、24h、72h动脉血气分析、神志变化以及NPPV的不良反应及并发症。结果：无创正压通气（NPPV）32例患者,通气前与无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗后比较,PaO2明显升高,P〈0．01,PaCO2明显降低,P〈0．01,PH明显升高,P〈0．01,具有统计学意义。结论：对COPD重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍者给予无创正压通气治疗,合理地调整参数,准确掌握吸气支持压力,可以得到满意的治疗效果。     

无创正压通气在慢性阻塞肺疾病伴严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的探讨无创正压通气（NIPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期伴重度Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法选择COPD急性加重期伴重度Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的病人20例,使用双水平无创正压呼吸机经口鼻面罩NIPPV治疗,动态观察治疗前和治疗后3、24h及治疗结束时的动脉血气、临床征象（神志、呼吸、心率）等。结果通气后3、24h及治疗结束时PaO2、pH明显上升（P〈0.05）,PaCO2、呼吸、心率明显下降（P〈0.01）,所有指标显著改善。16例患者成功脱机,有效率达80%（16/20）,2例改用有创通气,有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗后脱机成功,2例自动出院。结论双水平NIPPV治疗COPD急性加重期伴重度Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的病人,可取得较好的疗效。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期重度呼吸衰竭

目的：评估NIPPV在AECOPD重度呼吸衰竭患者中的价值,为更好的选择NIPPV临床应用提供指导。方法：对48例AECOPD重度呼吸衰竭且家属不愿应用有创机械通气的患者,给予NIPPV治疗,动态观察治疗前及治疗后4 h、第1 d、第4 d及结束后动脉血气、神志、病人的转归。结果：48例中,37例成功有效,治疗后PaO2明显升高,PaCO2明显降低,pH值升高,病人神志恢复,脱机出院,11例死亡（8例合并多脏器功能衰竭死亡,3例因病情危重最终家属放弃抢救死亡）。结论：NIPPV抢救AECOPD重度呼吸衰竭伴神志障碍者疗效确切,但应准确掌握无创正压呼吸机的操作、参数调节、特别是吸气压力。     

无创正压通气抢救慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭浅昏迷患者的研究

目的评估无创正压通气(NIPPV)在救治慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭浅昏迷患者中的价值,以选择NIPPV的临床应用适应证。方法对入选的29例慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭浅昏迷患者应用呼吸机面罩辅助通气,动态观察NIPPV治疗后2h、12h、1d及3d动脉血气、神志、NIPPV治疗的压力调节最高值、治疗后病人的转归、NIPPV的不良反应及并发症。结果29例患者中,24例经NIPPV治疗3d后与治疗前比较,PaO2明显升高〔(96·45±21·00)mmHg比(50·17±12·26)mmHg,P<0·01〕,PaCO2明显降低〔(64·03±10·00)mmHg比(86·58±15·02)mmHg,P<0·01〕,pH明显升高(7·37±0·05比7·23±0·06,P<0·01),均脱机出院,有效率达82·75%(24/29)。5例改为有创通气,其中3例经有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗后脱机出院,2例死亡。吸气压力<15cmH2O4例,15～20cmH2O23例,21～25cmH2O2例;呼气压力为3~5cmH2O。结论双水平无创正压通气对有选择的慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭浅昏迷患者疗效确切,但应准确掌握无创呼吸机的操作方法,合理地调整各种参数,特别是吸气支持压力。     

BiPAP无创通气对COPD并重度呼吸衰竭的疗效

目的 评估无创正压通气(NIPPV) 在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并重度呼吸衰竭或伴有不同程度意识障碍患者中的价值,为更好地选择NIPPV的临床应用适应症提供依据.方法 对79 例COPD并重度呼吸衰竭或伴有不同程度意识障碍的患者使用BiPAP呼吸机辅助通气,动态观察NIPPV治疗前和治疗后2～4 h、24 h、3 d 及5 d 动脉血气、意识、治疗后患者的转归、NIPPV的不良反应及并发症.结果 79例患者经NIPPV治疗,与治疗前比较,68例患者PaCO2明显降低、pH升高,均脱机出院,有效率达86.1%;7例改为有创通气,4例放弃治疗.结论 BiPAP无创通气是治疗COPD并重症呼吸衰竭或伴有不同程度意识障碍患者的有效手段;意识障碍并非无创通气的绝对禁忌.     

无创正压机械通气辅助治疗重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭效果分析

目的探讨无创正压机械通气辅助治疗重症肺炎合并急性呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法选取2012年1月至2014年12月在临高县人民医院呼吸内科就诊的70例重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为有创组和无创组,每组35例。有创组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予有创机械通气治疗[压力支持通气调节为5~10 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 k Pa),呼气终末正压为3~5 cm H2O],而无创组则给予无创正压机械通气治疗(呼吸频率为12~18次,吸气压力调节为8~22 cm H2O,呼气压力为4~6 cm H2O,吸氧流量设为4~6 L/min)。比较两组患者治疗后的生命体征、血气分析指标及转归情况。结果无创组患者的心率、呼吸频率低于有创组[(86.5±8.4)次/min比(96.7±11.0)次/min、(23.7±3.1)次/min比(28.6±4.3)次/min],氧分压、血氧饱和度高于有创组[(83.7±10.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)比(65.2±8.9)mm Hg、(94.1±6.9)%比(85.8±5.2)%](P<0.01),而二氧化碳分压明显低于有创组[(42.6±6.0)mm Hg比(50.8±5.5)mm Hg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);无创组患者的通气时间、APACHEⅡ评分、住院时间少于有创组[(12.0±3.6)d比(15.6±4.3)d、(11.4±2.9)分比(16.3±3.5)分、(13.8±5.0)d比(22.5±6.2)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);无创组患者的住院病死率为8.5%(3/35),有创组为20.0%(7/35),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无创正压机械通气辅助治疗重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭,可调整患者的心率和呼吸频率,有效缓解患者的缺氧状态,改善患者预后情况,效果较有创机械通气治疗好。     

无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果

为探讨无创正压通气(NIPPV)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者中的治疗价值,选择COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者96例,采用BIPAP VISION S/T呼吸机,压力支持/压力控制(S/T)模式,经口鼻面罩辅助通气,吸气压力(IPAP)12～14cmH2O,呼气压力(EPAP)4～6cm H2O,呼吸频率(RR)15～19次/min,每天15～24h,用自身对照的方法,比较NIPPV治疗前和治疗后1、3、7d以及出院前的动脉血气结果.NIPPV治疗后患者动脉血pH、PaO2和SaO2明显升高,PaCO2明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).NIPPV治疗COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的患者疗效确切,具有重要的治疗价值.     

无创通气联合法舒地尔应用于老年慢性肺心病合并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的分析无创通气联合法舒地尔应用于老年慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心病)合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床价值。方法选取2010年9月至2013年8月在四川大学华西医院呼吸内科进行住院治疗的老年慢性肺心病合并呼吸衰竭患者70例,依据随机数字表法分为两组:联合治疗组(37例)采用无创通气联合法舒地尔治疗,无创通气呼吸频率为15次/min,氧浓度为30%~40%,呼吸压力调制为4 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 k Pa),吸气压力调制为8 cm H2O,法舒地尔每12小时30 mg静脉滴注;无创机械通气组(33例)采用无创通气治疗,方法同联合治疗组。比较两组患者的呼吸频率、心率、肺动脉压、动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(Sa O2)、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)和临床疗效。结果联合治疗组呼吸频率、心率和肺动脉压分别为(23±5)次/min、(93±8)次/min、(43±3)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),均显著低于无创机械通气组的(28±3)次/min、(99±8)次/min、(52±4)mm Hg(P<0.05);联合治疗组的Pa O2、Pa CO2和Sa O2分别为(78±7)mm Hg、(45±6)mm Hg、(91±6)%,无创机械通气组分别为(69±6)mm Hg、(55±8)mm Hg、(85±9)%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合治疗组治疗后血浆BNP为(118±31)ng/L,显著低于无创机械通气组的(136±34)ng/L(P<0.05);联合治疗组的临床疗效优于无创机械通气组(P<0.05)。结论无创通气联合法舒地尔能快速、有效地治疗老年慢性肺心病合并呼吸衰竭患者。     

无创正压通气治疗老年COPD并发呼吸衰竭38例疗效观察

目的:探讨无创正压通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:将76例老年COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组38例。两组在常规处理基础上,观察组给予无创机械通气,对照组给予传统机械通气,动态观察两组治疗后2h、24h、72 h动脉血气分析、神志变化以及不良反应和并发症。结果:与对照组比较,无创正压通气(NPPV)38例患者,PO2明显升高(P<0.05),PCO2明显降低(P<0.05),pH明显升高(P<0.01)。其中3例患者因病情发生变化改用传统与无创序贯机械通气治疗,1例患者死亡,其余患者均好转出院。结论:对老年COPD呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍患者给予无创正压通气治疗,准确掌握吸气支持压力,合理地调整参数,可以得到满意的治疗效果。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…