慢性咳嗽56例临床分析

目的分析无吸烟史且胸片正常的慢性咳嗽患者的病因和特异性治疗疗效。方法对56例慢性咳嗽患者进行前瞻性研究。常规行X线胸片、肺部高分辨CT、肺功能、上消化道钡餐、血液学检查。必要时查支气管激发试验、鼻窦CT、纤维支气管镜、纤维鼻咽镜。根据临床表现、检查结果及特异性治疗疗效作最后诊断。结果54例(96.4%)患者诊断明确。43例(79.6%)为单个病因,11例(20.4%)为两个以上病因。常见的致病原因依次为鼻后滴流综合征(PNDS)41.8%、哮喘22.4%、胃食管反流病(GERD)16.4%、感染后咳嗽9.0%、支气管扩张4.5%。特异性治疗后45例(80.4%)咳嗽消失。单病因咳嗽消失时间:PNDS(17.9±8.0)d、哮喘(23.0±4.7)d、GERD(59±7.0)d、感染后咳嗽(13.2±6.1)d。结论慢性咳嗽最常见的病因为PNDS、哮喘、GERD,占总病因数的80.6%。大多数病人经特异性治疗后咳嗽消失。     

慢性咳嗽61例临床研究

目的:分析慢性咳嗽的病因分布和特异性治疗的疗效.方法:对61例胸片正常的慢性咳嗽患者(咳嗽持续3周以上,除吸烟及服用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)者进行前瞻性研究.根据临床表现、实验室检查及特异性治疗有显效进行诊断.结果:所有慢性咳嗽患者均诊断明确,52例(85.25%)患者为单个病因,9例(14.75%)为2个以上病因,常见的致病因素:咳嗽型哮喘(CVA)25例(40.98%),鼻后滴漏综合征(PNDS)19例(31.15%),胃食道返流病及合并存在的患者47例,占总病数77.05%.特异性治疗咳嗽消失时间:CVA(5.7±2.4)d,PNDS(9.4±3.6)d,GERD(40.60±15.2)d,感染后咳嗽(13.8±2.7)d,总治疗有效好转率为98.36%.结论:CVA、PNDS和GERD为慢性咳嗽最常见的病因,予以特异性治疗效果好,故明确病因是治疗的关键.     

104例慢性咳嗽的临床诊断和治疗

目的探讨慢性咳嗽的诊断和治疗.方法采用解剖学诊断程序,对104例胸片正常的慢性咳嗽患者进行诊断分析,并行特异性治疗.结果鼻后滴漏综合征(PNDS)39例,咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)22例,胃食管反流(GERD)19例,在该3种病因中双病因以上为15例,其它9例,其中支气管内膜结核7例,肺癌2例.经特异性治疗后患者咳嗽症状缓解.结论解剖学诊断程序在胸片正常慢性咳嗽患者的诊断中具有重要作用,PNDS、CVA、GERD为最常见慢性咳嗽3种病因,占总病种数的89%,特异性治疗效果好;纤维支气管镜检查对诊断肺癌和支气管内膜结核显得尤为重要.     

慢性咳嗽67例病因分析

目的:探讨慢性咳嗽的病因诊断。方法:采用Irwin慢性咳嗽解剖学诊断程序 诱导痰细胞分类检查,对慢性咳嗽持续8周以上的患者67例进行病因分类,并针对病因进行特异性治疗。结果:鼻后滴流综合征(PNDS)27例(40.30%),咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)13例,胃食管反流综合征(GER)10例,嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎(EB)9例,PNDS CVA2例,GER CVA2例,慢性支气管炎2例,支气管内膜结核1例,原因不明咳嗽1例。经过针对病因特异性治疗95.52%咳嗽症状明显减轻或消失。结论:慢性咳嗽的常见病因有PNDS、CVA、EB、GER,试验性治疗有效,对确诊病因有重要意义。     

慢性咳嗽76例临床分析

目的探讨慢性咳嗽的病因及临床诊治方法。方法对就诊的慢性咳嗽患者76例,采用中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定的《咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南》中慢性咳嗽病因诊断流程,在询问病史和体格检查的基础上,对患者进行常规胸部X线、血常规检查、胸部影像学检查、肺功能检查、纤维支气管镜检查等,根据临床表现、检查结果及特异性治疗的反应确定病因诊断。结果本组诊断明确者68例,PNDS26例（38.2%）,CVA20例（29.4%）,GER11例（16.2%）,EB3例（4.4%）,其中胃食管反流并发咳嗽变异性哮喘3例（4.4%）,鼻后滴漏综合征并发咳嗽变异性哮喘5例（7.4%）。2个月内患者咳嗽明显减轻或消失为有效,总有效率为92%。结论CVA、PNDS、GER是慢性咳嗽的主要病因,大部分患者经特异性治疗后咳嗽症状消失。     

慢性咳嗽病因诊断探讨

目的：探讨慢性咳嗽的病因。方法：采用慢性咳嗽解剖学诊断程序，对96例持续咳嗽8周以上的患者进行病因初步诊断，并通过针对性治疗证实。结果：在96例慢性咳嗽患者中，96．9％（93／96）的病因得到明确，其中鼻后滴漏综合征（postnasal drip syndrome，PNDS）46．9％（45／96），咳嗽变异型哮喘（cough variant asthma，CVA）42．7％（41／96），胃食管反流性疾病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）7．3％（7／96），病因未明3．1％（3／96）。针对病因特异性治疗，96．9％（93／96）患者的咳嗽症状消失或显著改善。结论：PNDS、CVA是慢性咳嗽的常见原因；试验性病因治疗有效是确诊病因的重要环节。     

76例老年人慢性咳嗽临床分析

目的探讨老年人慢性咳嗽的病因分布特点及其治疗效果。方法76例不明原因慢性咳嗽老年患者,按照慢性咳嗽的解剖学诊断程序,根据病史、体格检查、实验室检查判定病因给予特异性治疗。结果76例老年人慢性咳嗽中胃食道反流性咳嗽(GERC)16例(21.1%),鼻后滴流综合征(PNDS)13例(17.1%),咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)13例(17.1%),嗜酸细胞性支气管炎(EB)9例(11.8%),血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)诱发的咳嗽8例(10.5%),病因不清7例(9.2%),变应性咳嗽(AC)4例(5.3%),左心功能不全3例(3.9%),支气管结核1例(1.3%),支气管扩张1例(1.3%),支气管肺癌1例(1.3%)。结论老年人慢性咳嗽病因以GERC、PNDS、CVA、EB、ACEI诱发为多见,其诊治存在一定的特异性。     

成人慢性咳嗽90例临床分析

目的:探讨成人慢性咳嗽的病因构成,分析其治疗方法。方法:回顾分析90例成人慢性咳嗽患者的病因,针对病因进行特异性治疗。结果:本组诊断明确者87例,其中,咳嗽变异性哮喘40例(44.44%),鼻后滴漏综合征26例(28.89%),嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎13例(14.44%),胃食管反流5例(5.56%),其他原因3例(3.33%)。经特异性治疗后,82例(91.11%)咳嗽症状完全消失,5例(5.56%)症状明显减轻。结论:咳嗽变异性哮喘、鼻后滴漏综合征、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流是慢性咳嗽的主要原因,大部分患者经特异性治疗后咳嗽症状消失。     

5岁及以下儿童非特异性慢性咳嗽的病因分析

目的:分析5岁及以下儿童非特异性慢性咳嗽的病因,以提高儿科医生对年幼儿童非特异性慢性咳嗽的病因诊断及治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析85例5岁及以下儿童非特异性慢性咳嗽的临床资料。结果:85例非特异性慢性咳嗽患儿病因分布如下:咳嗽变异性哮喘27例(31.8%),上气道咳嗽综合征32例(37.6%),感染后咳嗽16例(18.8%),胃食管反流性咳嗽3例(3.5%),过敏性咳嗽2例(2.4%),病因不明5例(5.9%)。结论:5岁及以下儿童非特异性慢性咳嗽的主要病因构成比依次为上气道咳嗽综合征、咳嗽变异性哮喘、感染后咳嗽及其他病因。     

慢性咳嗽112例临床分析

目的探讨慢性咳嗽的病因分布和诊治。方法对就诊的慢性咳嗽患者112例,针对病因进行特异性治疗。结果本组诊断明确者107例,其中咳嗽变异性哮喘51例(45.54%),鼻后滴漏综合征29例(25.89%),嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎17例(15.18%),胃食管反流6例(5.36%),其他原因4例(3.57%)。107例确诊患者经特异性治疗后,98例(91.59%)咳嗽症状完全消失,9例(8.41%)症状明显减轻。结论慢性咳嗽的解剖学诊断流程及诱导痰细胞分类学检查是诊断慢性咳嗽的重要手段。咳嗽变异性哮喘、鼻后滴漏综合征、嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流是慢性咳嗽的主要病因,大部分患者经特异性治疗后咳嗽症状消失。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…