根腐对三七的皂苷含量影响

目的:对比分析根腐三七与正常三七中总皂苷及R1、Rg1、Rb1三种单体的含量,为根腐三七的质量评价及利用提供依据.方法:同田对比正常三七、根腐三七及不同腐烂程度三七的皂苷含量与单体成分,用HPLC法测定单体皂苷含量,大孔吸附树脂吸附比色法测定总皂苷含量.结果:三七根腐后比正常三七总皂苷含量平均降低了30.88%,R1、Rg1、Rb1三种单体平均含量分别降低了25.53%、11.26%、17.82%.结论:三七的皂苷含量随根部腐烂程度的增加而减少,根部腐烂对R1、Rg1、Rb1三种单体皂苷的比例无显著影响.     

Structures of new dammarane-type Triterpene Saponins from the flower buds of Panax notoginseng and hepatoprotective effects of principal Ginseng Saponins

The saponin fraction from the flower buds of Panax notoginseng exhibited protective effect on liver injury induced by d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. From the saponin fraction with hepatoprotective effect, five new dammarane-type triterpene saponins, notoginsenosides-O (1), -P (2), -Q (3), -S (4), and -T (5), were isolated together with nine known protopanaxadiol oligoglycosides. The structures of the new saponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The principal dammarane-type triterpene saponins from the roots and flower buds of Panax notoginseng were found to show potent hepatoprotective effects.     

Antiproliferative effects of different plant parts of Panax notoginseng on SW480 human colorectal cancer cells

The chemical constituents and antiproliferative effects on SW480 human colorectal cancer cells of different plant parts of P. notoginseng were evaluated. The contents of saponins in extracts from root, rhizome, flower and berry of P. notoginseng were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The contents and proportions of saponins were different among the four plant parts. Using the cell counting method, the antiproliferative effects were evaluated and the results indicated all four extracts, at 0.05–1.0 mg/mL, showed concentration‐related antiproliferative effects on the cancer cells. The flower extract had stronger effects compared with the other three extracts; at 1.0 mg/mL, it inhibited the cell growth by 93.1% (p < 0.01). The antiproliferative effects of major saponins in notoginseng, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3 and Rg1, were also evaluated, and the observed effects of major constituents support the pharmacological activities of extracts. The effects of notoginseng extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis of SW480 cells were determined using flow cytometry. Notoginseng extract can arrest the cells in S and G2/M phases. Remarkably apoptosis induction activities of notoginseng extracts were observed with the flower extract possessing the most potent effect, supporting the antiproliferative effect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三七叶抗抑郁活性提取物PnGL中皂苷类成分分析

目的 建立三七叶抗抑郁活性提取物PnGL中皂苷类成分含量测定的方法.方法 采用香荚醛-高氯酸比色法,分别以人参二醇及人参皂苷Rb3为对照品,测定总皂苷的含量.采用HPLC法,Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱,甲醇-水(69:31)为流动相,检测波长203 nm,柱温为25℃,同时测定PnGL中主要成分人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rb3的含量.结果 以人参二醇及人参皂苷Rb3为对照品所测定的总皂苷含量,分别为97.25％、95.76％,差异不大.HPLC检测基线平稳,人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rb3分离良好,分离度1.5以上,平均加样回收率分别为99.24 ％(RSD=1.63％)、96.41 ％(RSD=1.21％)、96.81％(RSD=0.86％)、100.16 ％(RSD=1.84％).结论 含量测定方法准确、重复性好,可为PnGL质量控制提供依据.     

中药三七不同药用部位的指纹图谱及模式识别研究

目的建立中药三七的HPLC化学模式识别方法,用于三七不同药用部位(主根、剪口、支根)的区分,为其质量评价提供可靠依据。方法利用HPLC获取35批不同部位三七样品的化学信息,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)计算相似度,运用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)分别进行模式识别研究。结果建立了35批三七样品的HPLC指纹图谱共有模式(相似度>0.994);所建立的PCA模型可区分剪口,PLS-DA可将三者完全区分,并发现人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1等7个特征峰是导致三七不同部位间差异的标志物。结论本实验所建立的化学模式识别模型,能准确有效的区分三七不同部位,为三七的质量控制及评价提供参考依据。     

三七不同炮制品中皂苷类成分的含量比较

目的:建立一种RP-HPLC同时测定三七中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re含量的分析方法,并比较不同炮制品中这4种成分含量的异同。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱条件:色谱柱:Ultimate XB-C18(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm);柱温:25℃;流动相:乙腈-水梯度洗脱;检测波长:203nm。.结果:蒸三七中三七皂苷R1的平均含量为0.806%、Rg1为3.18%、Re为1.00%、Rb1为0.998%,高于相应生三七和油炸三七中相应的成分;其中,生三七中上述成分的含量分别为0.747%、3.24%、0.961%、0.977%,油炸三七中分别为0.765%、2.84%、0.860%、0.847%。结论:三七不同炮制品中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re的含量存在差异;炮制对三七皂苷类成分的含量有影响。     

Suitable soil moisture contents for water use efficiency and saponins accumulation in Panax notoginseng

Objective: The moisture content in the soil directly affects the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng, especially at the age of three years old. However, the suitable moisture for the growth of P. notoginseng is unknown. In this study, the effects of different soil moisture on the growth of P. notoginseng were studied. Methods: Four different water treatments (0.45 field capacity (FC), 0.60 FC, 0.70 FC, and 0.85 FC) were set up in Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. The water consumption and daily dynamic of water consumption were determined daily (from April 21 to October 18, 2012), and the daily dynamic of water consumption under different weather conditions (sunny and rainy) was determined. The transpiration coefficient and water use efficiency were calculated through dry matter accumulation and total water consumption. Accumulation of saponins of roots of P. notoginseng were analyzed by HPLC after treated, and the soil moisture content suitable for the growth of P. notoginseng was estimated by regression fitting of the active ingredient accumulation and the soil moisture content. Results: The water consumption of 0.85 FC, 0.70 FC, 0.60 FC and 0.45 FC were 2.89, 3.68, 3.37 and 2.73 kg/plant per day, respectively. The water consumption of P. notoginseng from June to August was greater than other months. The daily dynamic of water consumption on sunny days and sunny days after rain showed a “double peak” feature, and it showed a “single peak” feature on rainy days. The water uses efficiency (WUE) of 0.85 FC, 0.70 FC, 0.60 FC and 0.45 FC were 2.51, 3.32, 4.59, 3.39 gDW/kg H2O, respectively. The increase of soil moisture content would reduce the WUE of P. notoginseng. With the increase of soil water content, the content of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1 did not change significantly, while the content of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion: Soil moisture content significantly affected the water consumption of P. notoginseng, and when it was 56.4% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, the sum of the four saponins of 100 strains of P. notoginseng was the highest.     

三七HPLC指纹图谱及5种成分测定

目的 建立三七HPLC指纹图谱,并测定5种成分的含有量.方法 三七70%甲醇提取物的分析采用Waters XBridge C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.5 mL/min;柱温25℃;检测波长203 nm.结果 15批样品指纹图谱中有5个共有峰,相似度均大于0.99.三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Rd分别在0.000 76~0.567 64(r=0.9999)、0.002 69~2.017 43 (r=0.9998)、0.000 38~0.283 82 (r=1.000 0)、0.002 83~2.12483 (r=0.999 8)、0.000 78~0.582 98 mg/mL (r=0.999 8)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为101.78%、97.22%、102.14%、98.96%、101.73%,RSD分别为1.58%、1.31%、2.17%、1.55%、1.80%.结论 该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于三七的质量控制.     

Quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in fresh Panax ginseng

TLC, DCC and HPLC were used to study the ginsenoside composition of the main root, lateral root, rhizome, leaves and seeds of Panax ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Each of these methods has advantages of its own and the ensemble reveal the special features of Jilin ginseng. Total saponin content of various plant parts in Jilin ginseng showed a mid-range value as compared to those in ginsengs reported in literature. Fresh as well as sun-dried specimens from the same batch possessed a high percentage of Rg1 in the main root and this might account for the traditional preference of this plant part despite its lowest percentage of saponin in the whole plant. Large amounts of polar saponins were also observed in roots and rhizome of fresh Jilin ginseng, the nature and significance of which remained to be investigated.     

三七花总皂苷清除活性氧自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用研究谢云峰谢集照龙盛京邱莉李映新张莹

目的：探讨三七花总皂苷清除活性氧自由基及对抗脂质过氧化作用的影响。方法从三七花盘中提取三七花总皂苷,D-101大孔吸附树脂分离纯化皂苷;采用分光光度法测定其对羟基自由基、DPPH 自由基的作用。用硫代巴比妥分光光度法观察三七花总皂苷对 Fe2＋半胱氨酸诱发肝脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果三七花总皂苷对羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基的半数清除率（IC50值）分别为0.035 mg/ml、0.094 mg/ml;对Fe2＋半胱氨酸诱发肝脂质过氧化的最大抑制率为89.31%,具有较强的抑制作用。结论三七花总皂苷具有清除活性氧自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用。     

三七总皂苷超声波提取工艺研究△

目的:优化三七中三七总皂苷的超声波提取工艺.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,以提取物中三七总皂苷含量和收率为考察指标,应用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优化.结果:以75％的乙醇为提取溶媒,超声波高频(50 kHZ)提取4次,每次30 min,提取温度40℃,经纯化后三七总皂苷(以R1、Rg1、Rb1、Re、Rd的总含量计)达80％以上,提取物收率达到12％以上.结论:该工艺简便易行,提取率高,生产成本低,适合工业生产.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 from Panax notoginseng in rats

Panax notoginseng is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promote health in Chinese medicine. Currently saponins of P. notoginseng (PNS) are especially given attentions for their hemorheological properties. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main PNS are still not accurately investigated. Therefore, our preliminary aim is to elucidate the pharmacokinetic features of ginsenoside Rb(1) (Rb(1)) and ginsenoside Rg(1) (Rg(1)), two of the main PNS in rats. Firstly, quantitive analysis of Rb(1) and Rg(1) in saponins of P. notoginseng was studied and the most suitable assay method by HPLC for blood sample were established. Then Rb(1) and Rg(1) in the same serum were determined after administering PNS to rats. The decline of Rb(1) in serum could be described by a two-compartment model. The half-life of alpha phase was 23.40 min and that of beta phase was 17.96 h. Rb(1) was absorbed from the digestive tract and the bioavailability via P.O. was 4.35%. The pharmacokinetics of Rg(1) in rats also could be described by a two-compartment model. The half-lives of Rg(1) were 24.23 min for alpha phase and 14.13 h for beta phase. Rg(1) could be absorbed in the digestive tract and the oral bioavailability was 18.40%. Both of the low oral bioavailability of Rb(1) and rapid reduction of Rg(1) in blood indicated that formula modification is necessary.     

大鼠肠道菌群对三七总皂苷体外降解的研究

目的探究雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群对三七总皂苷中3种皂苷(三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1)的体外降解作用。方法将三七总皂苷分别与雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群孵育液在厌氧条件下共同培养24 h,测定不同时间点孵育液中3种皂苷的量。结果雌、雄大鼠肠道菌群对人参皂苷Rb1均有降解作用,雄鼠的降解较雌鼠稍快。雌、雄鼠肠道菌群对三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1均无明显降解作用。结论在离体条件下,三七总皂苷中人参皂苷Rb1会被肠道菌群降解,而三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rg1则较为稳定。     

60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响

目的:研究60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响。方法:采用3个不同60Co-γ辐照剂量(4 k Gy、6 k Gy、8 k Gy)对三七药材进行灭菌处理,通过检测辐照前后三七中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1含量,辐照前后三七指纹图谱比较、薄层鉴别等,考察不同剂量60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材质量的影响。结果:不同剂量60Co-γ辐照灭菌对三七药材外观、含量、指纹图谱、薄层鉴别影响的差异均无统计学意义。结论:初步表明三七药材灭菌方式可选择60Co-γ辐照进行灭菌。     

三七粉碎度对复方丹参片皂苷类有效成分体外溶出的影响

目的:考察不同粉碎度三七药粉制备的复方丹参片中皂苷类成分体外溶出情况,选择适宜的三七药粉粉碎度。方法:以不同粉碎度的三七药粉制备复方丹参片样品,以三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1含量为测定指标,以桨法测定药物的体外累积溶出度。结果:测定复方丹参片的体外溶出速率,超微粉碎的三七药粉制备片剂的体外溶出速率显著低于200目以下的三七药粉制备的片剂。结论:复方丹参片用三七药粉以80~200目为佳。     

不同产地三七皂苷的HPLC指纹图谱与含量的比较研究

目的 通过栽培药材的皂苷HPLC分析,讨论异地种植三七的可行性.方法 根据《中国药典》2010年版一部,采用HPLC检测云南省不同产地三七地下部分主要皂苷的含量,建立模式指纹图谱,并进行比较.结果 产于云南红河泸西与弥勒的三七,其剪口、主根和大根的皂苷指纹图谱相似度均大于0.99,含量均高于文山产三七.结论 虽然三七的...     

款冬花药材掺杂部位对其质量的影响

目的针对款冬花药材掺杂现象,对款冬花药材中花蕾及其杂质(花梗、根茎、主根)的化学组成进行比较,为款冬花的质量控制提供依据。方法参照《中国药典》2015年版,采用HPLC测定款冬花蕾及其杂质中款冬酮的含量,同时建立款冬花指纹图谱,采用相似度评价和共有峰峰面积对花蕾及杂质进行比较,对药材中各成分含量与花蕾占比进行Pearson相关性分析,同时对花蕾和杂质进行主成分分析和聚类分析,并分析各类成分之间的相关性。结果款冬花蕾中款冬酮含量以及指纹图谱中13个共有峰的峰面积均明显高于其他掺杂部位,且与花蕾占比存在正相关。主成分分析和聚类分析结果显示,款冬花蕾与花梗、根茎、主根等掺杂部位可明显区分。指纹图谱各主要成分之间的相关性分析显示,咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分之间、黄酮类成分之间存在较强的正相关,倍半萜类成分中,款冬酮和款冬素酯存在较强的正相关,不同类别的成分也具有一定的相关性。结论款冬花药材中主要成分均主要分布于花蕾,当药材中花梗、主根、根茎等杂质较多时会严重影响款冬花药材质量。目前《中国药典》2015年版中款冬花项下尚未设置杂质检查项目,为了保证款冬花药材的质量,应增加其杂质检查。     

不同施氮水平对三七生长及皂苷含量的影响

目的研究不同施氮水平对三七生长发育及皂苷含量的影响。方法田间试验选用随机区组设计，植株全氮测定用靛酚蓝比色法，全磷测定采用钒钼黄比色法，单体皂苷测定采用高效液相色谱法。结果不同施氮量对三七植株性状的影响较大，但对三七产量及皂苷含量的影响不明显。结论生产上适宜的氮肥用量为每亩纯氮22．5～30kg。     

铁皮石斛不同部位黄酮碳苷类成分及清除DPPH自由基能力比较研究

目的:对铁皮石斛根、茎、叶和花中黄酮碳苷类成分及抗氧化作用进行比较,为扩大铁皮石斛的药用部位提供实验依据。方法:采用TLC和HPLC及与对照品对照,对铁皮石斛不同部位黄酮类成分种类和含量进行分析;以清除DPPH自由基能力对抗氧化活性进行比较。结果:铁皮石斛茎、叶和花中含有种类相同的黄酮二糖碳苷类成分,并采用对照品指认了共有的8个色谱峰;但各黄酮碳苷的含量有显著差异,叶和花中黄酮碳苷的含量明显高于茎,叶和花HPLC色谱图相似度较高;根中黄酮类成分较少。茎中含有柚皮素,而根、叶和花均不含该成分。铁皮石斛茎和叶对DPPH自由基均有一定的清除作用,叶对DPPH自由基清除能力优于茎。结论:以黄酮碳苷含量及抗氧化活性为指标,铁皮石斛叶和花代替茎入药有一定可能性。该研究为铁皮石斛的综合开发利用提供了前期基础。     

HPLC法测定化痔栓中人参皂苷Rg_1、三七皂苷R_1的含量

目的:研究化痔栓中人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法进行梯度洗脱,色谱柱为C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈∶水(19∶81),乙腈∶水(36∶64),流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为203nm,柱温为室温。结果:人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的线性良好(r=0.9998、r=0.9997),线性范围人参皂苷Rg197.6～976.0μg/mL,三七皂苷R122.0～220.0μg/mL。人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的回收率分别为97.82%、97.60%;RSD值分别为1.26%、1.84%,n=5。结论:该方法简便,灵敏,重现性好,可作为化痔栓中人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的含量测定方法。