Effect of sour tea supplementation on liver enzymes,lipid profile,blood pressure,and antioxidant status in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sour tea supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Seventy NAFLD patients were enrolled in this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Participants received sour tea in the form of a 450 mg capsule or a placebo capsule daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and antioxidant status were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the study. Sixty‐one participants completed the study. After 8 weeks, sour tea administration significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (p = .03), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = .01), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = .004) levels compared with the placebo. In addition, sour tea supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = .03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = .04), and a significant increase in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (p ? .001) compared with the placebo. However, no significant changes in anthropometric measures, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) levels were observed after sour tea supplementation compared with the placebo (p > .05). Sour tea supplementation may be effective in improving serum TG, liver enzymes, and blood pressure in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Further studies are needed to address the exact mechanism of action of these effects.     

Antihyperlipidemic effects of Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract in patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder contributing to morbidities and mortalities due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Conventional antihyperlipidemic drugs have limited efficacies and important side effects, so that alternative lipid lowering agents are needed. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves have PPAR γ agonistic, pancreatic lipase and lipid absorption inhibitory, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibitory and antiinflammatory effects. Thus, in this randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial with 67 hyperlipidemic (hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic) patients aged 56.4 ± 30.3 years (mean ± SD), the effects of taking sage leaf extract (one 500 mg capsule every 8 h for 2 months) on fasting blood levels of lipids, creatinine and liver enzymes including SGOT and SGPT were evaluated in 34 patients and compared with the placebo group (n = 33). The extract lowered the blood levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.004) and VLDL (p = 0.001), but increased the blood HDL levels (p < 0.001) without any significant effects on the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT and creatinine (p > 0.05) compared with the placebo group at the endpoint. No adverse effects were reported. The results suggest that sage may be effective and safe in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复方丹参方与穿山龙总皂苷配伍对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察复方丹参方所含成分丹参提取物、三七总皂苷、冰片与穿山龙总皂苷配伍对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法:SD大鼠70只,随机分为10组:假手术组、模型组、丹参提取物300 mg· kg-1、三七总皂苷100 mg·kg-1、穿山龙总皂苷100 mg·kg-1、配伍(丹参提取物+三七总皂苷+冰片+穿山龙总皂苷)3个剂量组(300 +100 +10 +50),(300+ 100+ 10+ 100),(300+100+10+200) mg·kg-1、复方丹参片组300 mg·kg-1、阳性药组(通心络胶囊)300 mg·kg-1,各组ig给药,连续7d,末次给药1h后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支复制心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,试剂盒测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性,TTC染色法测定心肌梗死面积,TUNEL染色法检测细胞凋亡.结果:配伍(300+ 100+ 10+ 100) mg·kg-1与模型组比较,可显著增强SOD的活性(P＜0.01),降低大鼠心肌中LDH和CK-MB的活性(P＜0.01);与各成分和原方相比,心肌梗死范围为20.78％,明显低于丹参提取物34.04％ (P＜0.05)、三七总皂苷34.62％ (P ＜0.05)、穿山龙总皂苷36.19％ (P ＜0.05)、复方丹参片26.47％;细胞凋亡指数为16.53％,明显低于丹参提取物25.08％(P＜0.05)、三七总皂苷22.12％ (P ＜0.05)、穿山龙总皂苷24.45％ (P ＜0.05)、复方丹参片18.14％.结论:复方丹参方与穿山龙总皂苷配伍后可对心肌缺血再灌注损伤起到保护作用,且效果优于各组分及复方丹参方.此种配伍的方式可以作为研究中药新复方的一种方法.     

丹参及其主要成分保肝作用的研究进展

丹参是临床最常用的中药之一,丹参的药效物质基础主要包括脂溶性的丹参酮类和水溶性的丹酚酸类。丹参具有"祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦"等传统功效。现代药理学研究表明,丹参及其主要成分具有保护心脑血管的作用。近来研究显示,丹参及其主要成分对四氯化碳、D-氨基半乳糖、醋氨酚、酒精等制备的肝损伤模型也具有明显的保护作用。该文对丹参的保肝作用及其机制进行系统总结与展望。     

复方芎蝎胶囊治疗糖尿病合并慢性脑供血不足80例临床观察

目的观察复方芎蝎胶囊治疗糖尿病合并慢性脑供血不足临床疗效。方法将160例糖尿病合并慢性脑供血不足患者随机分为2组,均予常规降糖治疗,治疗组80例加用复方芎蝎胶囊口服,对照组80例加用复方丹参注射液静脉滴注,2组均治疗15 d后观察疗效和血液流变学变化。结果治疗组痊愈率43.7%,总有效率92.5%;对照组痊愈率35.0%,总有效率81.3%;2组痊愈率、总有效率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组疗效优于对照组。治疗组治疗后全血黏度、血浆黏度及红细胞聚集指数均低于本组治疗前和对照组治疗后（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论复方芎蝎胶囊治疗糖尿病合并慢性脑供血不足疗效确切,未见毒副作用。     

基于主成分分析和多指标综合指数法丹参不同有效部位的活血化瘀作用比较

目的基于主成分分析(PCA)和多指标综合指数法,评价丹参不同有效部位丹参提取物(DT)、丹参总酚酸提取物(DF)、丹参总酮提取物(DST)、丹参总酚酸合用总酮提取物(DF+DST)对急性血瘀大鼠血液流变学和凝血功能的影响。方法采用sc盐酸肾上腺素和冰水浴共同刺激复制大鼠急性血瘀模型,通过测定全血黏度(WBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、血沉(ESR)和红细胞压积(HCT),观察丹参不同有效部位不同剂量对血瘀大鼠血液流变学的影响;通过测定凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)量及血小板最大聚集率(ADP),观察丹参不同有效部位对血瘀大鼠凝血功能及血小板聚集的影响。采用PCA法和多指标综合指数法综合评价丹参不同有效部位的总活血化瘀效应。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血液流变学和凝血功能指标均有显著性差异;与模型组比较,丹参不同部位低、中、高3个剂量给药组均能较好地改善血瘀大鼠的血液流变学和凝血功能指标,并呈一定的量效关系。PCA和多指标综合指数法综合评价得出,丹参不同有效部位不同剂量组中DF+DST高剂量组的活血化瘀作用最好;相同剂量下,各剂量下的DF+DST给药组活血化瘀效应较好。结论丹参不同有效部位能明显改善血瘀大鼠的血液流变学及凝血功能异常,丹参总酚酸和丹参总酮2个有效部位配伍活血化瘀效果优于各有效部位单用的效果。     

Improving abnormal hemorheological parameters in aging guinea pigs by water-soluble extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, known as Danshen in Chinese traditional medicine is effective at promoting blood circulation and removing (or decreasing) blood stasis. In the present study, we selected aging, 24-month-old guinea pigs as the animal experimental models and fed them a diet containing 75, 100 or 150 mg/(kg day) of water-soluble extract components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (WSm) for 28 days, respectively, in order to evaluate the effects of WSm on their abnormal hemorheological parameters.     

Effects of the aqueous extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (danshen) and its magnesium tanshinoate B‐enriched form on blood pressure

Danshen is the dried root and rhizome of the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), which has been used to treat hypertension and myocardial infarction. One of its water‐soluble active components is magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB). The present study examined and compared the cardiovascular effects of the water‐soluble extract of danshen (SME) and its MTB‐enriched form (containing 70% of MTB (MTB70)). Anaesthetized rats were infused intravenously with saline or phenylephrine to achieve a normal or elevated blood pressure, respectively. Different doses of SME, MTB70 or vehicle were then injected intravenously and their effect on blood pressure was monitored. The results indicate that SME and MTB70 reduce blood pressure dose‐dependently. Independently of the initial blood pressure, SME caused a smaller reduction in blood pressure than MTB70. In rats infused with phenylephrine, MTB70 caused greater decreases in blood pressure than in rats infused with saline, while the responses to SME did not differ between the two groups. From these findings, it appears that MTB is one of the major components responsible for the cardiovascular effects of danshen, and that the beneficial cardiovascular effect of the extract is more prominent under conditions of elevated blood pressure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cardiovascular Safety of Oral p‐Synephrine (Bitter Orange) in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐over Clinical Trial

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p‐synephrine are widely consumed in combination with multiple herbal ingredients for weight management and sports performance. p‐Synephrine is also present in juices and foods derived from a variety of Citrus species. Questions exist regarding the safety of p‐synephrine because of structural similarities with other biogenic amines. This study assessed the cardiovascular (stimulatory) effects of bitter orange extract (49‐mg p‐synephrine) given to 18 healthy subjects (nine men and nine women) in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Heart rates, blood pressures, and electrocardiograms were determined at baseline, 30, 60, 90 min, 2, 4 , 6, and 8 h. Blood samples were drawn at baseline, 2 h and 8 h for serum chemistries, blood cell counts, and p‐synephrine and caffeine levels. No significant changes occurred in electrocardiograms, heart rates, systolic blood pressure, blood chemistries, or blood cell counts at any time point in either control or p‐synephrine treated group. A small (4.5 mmHg) decrease in diastolic blood pressure occurred in the p‐synephrine treated group at 60 min. No adverse effects were reported. Caffeine ingestion varied markedly among the participants. p‐Synephrine does not act as a stimulant at the dose used. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

丹参镇痛药理作用的研究进展＊

疼痛是现今困扰人类健康最严重的问题之一，药物治疗是目前临床治疗疼痛的主要方式之一。临床常用的镇痛药物在治疗疼痛时常伴有许多副作用，镇痛效果仍不太理想。丹参是常见的活血化瘀类中药，《中国药典》记载其具有“通经止痛”的功效。通过文献挖掘发现，丹参具有悠久的治疗疼痛的历史。现代药理学对丹参的镇痛作用、靶点及作用机制也进行了深入研究，发现丹参具有良好的镇痛药理活性，且其镇痛具有多靶点、多机制、副作用小的特点。本文通过系统检索和挖掘丹参镇痛研究文献，综述丹参镇痛的作用靶点、作用机制和相关成分，发现丹参镇痛的外周和中枢机制分别为调节外周神经元和脊髓中与疼痛相关的因子、受体及信号通路，丹参镇痛的成分主要有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C和丹酚酸A，两种丹参酮化合物都含有邻醌型结构母核，三种酚酸类成分则都含有多个酚羟基。论文为丹参镇痛作用的临床应用、镇痛方案的提出以及相关镇痛药物的研发提供了参考依据。     

丹参本草考证

丹参为常用大宗药材,用药历史悠久,各地习用品较多,为正本清源,对丹参按颜色、功效等命名方法对其名称进行了考证,对历代本草及其药图中所记载的丹参,按照茎、叶、花、根的形态特点进行详细分析,得出历代本草中所记录的正品丹参即为历版中国药典所规定的Salvia miltiorrhiza,并对丹参历代产地变迁、品质评价进行了总结,为丹参资源的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf active components of salvianolic acids and flavonoids improved the hemorheological disorder and vascular endothelial function on microcirculation dysfunction rats

Microcirculation, which connects macrocirculation and cells between arterioles and venules, plays a major role in the early onset of a variety of diseases. In this article, a dextran‐induced microcirculation dysfunction (MCDF) model rats were adopted to evaluate the effects and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf extracts based on plasma and urine metabonomics. The results showed the effective components of S. miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf could significantly improve the hemorheology and coagulation index of MCDF rats and callback the expression of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), induciblenitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF), P‐Selectin, thromboxane A2, 6‐keto‐PGF_1α, TNF‐α, and interleukin‐1β to control group in MCDF rats. The decrease of microvessel density (MVD) in lung and thymus caused by MCDF was upgraded by Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf. Based on the plasma and urine metabolic data, 20 potential biomarkers were identified. These biomarkers are mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, beta‐alanine metabolism, and citrate cycle. The results indicated that the effective components of S. miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf can improve the hemorheological disorder and vascular endothelial function. Meanwhile, the effective components can regulate potential biomarkers and correlated metabolic pathway, which can provide guidance for the research and development of new drugs for MCDF.     

刺丹注射液对大鼠离体心脏的作用

目的:观察刺丹注射液对大鼠离体心脏的保护作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为4组,雌雄各半,每组8只,分别为空白组(生理盐水,0.09 g·L-1),刺五加注射液组(10 m L·L-1)、丹参注射液组(10 m L·L-1)和刺丹注射液组(8 m L·L-1)。采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流模型,用8通道生理信号记录分析系统测定左心室收缩压(LVSP),左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP),左心室发展压(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP),左室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax),左室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax),心率(HR)的变化情况。将刺丹注射液各指标的增加量与刺五加注射液和丹参注射液各指标的增加量进行比较。并将刺丹注射液分为1,2,4,8,16 m L·L-1营养灌流液5个剂量组,进行量效关系考察。结果:刺丹注射液能增加大鼠离体心脏的LVSP,LVDP,+dp/dtmax,减小HR,LVEDP,-dp/dtmax,与刺五加注射液组和丹参注射液相比较,各指标增加量有显著性差异和极显著性差异(P0.05~P0.01)。刺丹注射液在1~8 m L·L-1表现出一定的量效关系,在8 m L剂量下药效最显著。结论:刺丹注射液具有减慢心率,增强心脏的收缩和舒张功能的作用,且作用优于刺五加注射液和丹参注射液,并在一定剂量范围内呈现量效关系。     

基于“中药作用机理辅助解析系统”的丹参治疗心血管疾病作用机制解析

丹参作为临床上治疗心血管疾病的常用药物,虽然其治疗心血管疾病的作用机制已有研究,但是对其作用机制进行系统解析的报道却并不多见。该研究基于"中药作用机理辅助解析系统",综合数据挖掘技术,以生物反应数据库为背景构建丹参有效成分靶点与心血管疾病相关蛋白相互作用的分子网络,以期从网络药理学的角度系统解析丹参治疗心血管疾病的作用机制。结果表明,丹参主要通过以下10条途径来治疗心血管疾病:促进脂质代谢;抗炎;调节血压稳定;负向调节凝血因子;抗血栓形成;调节细胞增殖;抗应激损伤;促进血管新生;抑制细胞凋亡;调节血管收缩与扩张;促进伤口愈合。该研究结果较为系统地解析了丹参治疗心血管疾病的作用机制,为临床治疗心血管疾病新药的研发,尤其是中药组分配伍的现代中药研发提供了线索。     

复方血栓通胶囊抗血栓作用的实验研究

目的：研究复方血栓通胶囊的抗血栓作用。方法：将大鼠随机分为模型对照组、复方血栓通胶囊低、中、高剂量组（0.375,0.75,1.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）、阿司匹林肠溶片组（50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,灌胃给药,每天1次,连续7 d。末次给药1 h后,建立大鼠下腔静脉血栓模型和动-静脉旁路血栓模型,观察复方血栓通胶囊对血栓湿重、干重及血栓形成抑制率的影响;将大鼠按上述方法分组,建立颈总动脉血栓溶栓模型,从造模当天开始灌胃给药,每天1次,连续5 d,末次1 h后取大鼠血栓,观察复方血栓通胶囊对血栓湿重及溶栓率的影响;将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、复方血栓通胶囊低、中、高剂量组、阿司匹林肠溶片组,采用皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素联合冰浴、减少喂食的方法建立大鼠急性血瘀模型,造模期间同时灌胃给药,每天1次,连续7 d,第8 d造模成功,灌胃给药1 h后,观察复方血栓通胶囊对大鼠凝血时间（CT）、凝血酶时间（TT）及血小板聚集功能的影响。结果：与正常组比较,模型组CT,TT显著缩短（P<0.01）,血小板聚集能力显著提高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,复方血栓通胶囊组大鼠下腔静脉、动-静脉旁路血栓的湿重和干重减轻（P<0.05~P<0.01）,颈总动脉血栓的湿重减轻（P<0.05）,CT和TT延长 （P<0.05~P<0.01）,血小板聚集能力降低（P<0.05）。结论：复方血栓通胶囊具有抗血栓作用,其机制可能与改善凝血功能、血小板聚集功能有关。     

Bioactive Triterpenes from the Root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a well‐known medicinal herb in the oriental medicine. The current study on bioactive triterpenoid in the root of S. miltiorrhiza led to the isolation of a new highly hydroxylated ursane‐type triterpene, urs‐12‐ene‐2α,3β,7β,16α‐tetraol (1) and five known ones including 2β‐hydroxypomolic acid (2), maslinic acid (3), asiatic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), and oleanolic acid (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The antiproliferative testing against HL‐60 cells revealed that the new compound 1 and ursolic acid (5) showed weak and moderate activities with IC₅₀ values of 42.2 and 11.7 μM. In addition, compounds 1–3 showed inhibitory effect on ghrelin activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘实汤加复方丹参注射液治疗肝硬变腹水45例

目的　观察甘实汤加复方丹参注射液治疗肝硬变腹水的疗效。方法　治疗组 4 5例以甘实汤加复方丹参注射液治疗 ,同时设立常规保肝、利尿等治疗 30例为对照组 ,1个月后观察疗效。结果　治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为 95 .5 6 %和 73.33% ;1个月内腹水消退率分别为84 .4 4 %和 4 0 .0 0 %。 2组临床疗效、1个月内腹水消退率、肝功能恢复情况经较均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　甘实汤加复方丹参注射液治疗肝硬变腹水有较好的疗效。     

复方丹参片及其拆方对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用和机制探讨

目的比较复方丹参片及其拆方对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠的学习记忆能力的改善作用和机制。方法通过穿梭箱筛选出学习记忆能力处于正常范围内的大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性药组(甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱片0.65 g/kg)、丹参组(丹参乙醇提取物0.3 g/kg)、三七组(三七粉0.3 g/kg)、复方丹参片组(0.3、0.6 g/kg)组,ig给药,每日1次,预防给药7 d后,通过双侧颈总动脉结扎再灌注法制备VD大鼠模型,连续给药7 d后,进行穿梭箱实验和神经功能缺损评分;TTC染色检测脑梗死面积,Nissl染色检测大鼠大脑皮层病理变化;试剂盒法检测脑组织内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮素(ET)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等指标的变化。结果与模型组比较,复方丹参片组可一定程度地提高VD大鼠条件刺激回避次数,降低神经功能损害评分和脑梗死面积,减少大鼠脑组织MDA和血清ET、eNOS和IL-6水平,升高脑组织Ach、5-HT及SOD和血清VEGF水平;拆方研究显示,丹参提取物在减少大鼠脑组织MDA和血清ET、eNOS、IL-6水平,升高脑组织SOD水平方面较三七表现更出色;三七在提高脑组织Ach、5-HT含量方面表现更突出。复方丹参片高剂量组在提高SOD、降低MDA水平,提高Ach、5-HT、VEGF水平等方面优于单方组,与丹参组或三七组比较差异显著(P0.05、0.01)。结论复方丹参片能够较好地改善VD大鼠的认知学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能是通过增强中枢胆碱能神经系统分泌Ach的功能,提高海马及下丘脑区单胺类神经递质5-HT等的释放,减轻脑组织脂质过氧化损伤,抑制炎性损伤反应和促进血管生成等多条途径实现的。在复方中丹参提取物发挥主要作用,起到君药的作用,三七辅佐君药治疗VD。     

芪苈保肺汤配合黄芪注射液、复方丹参注射液治疗慢性支气管炎疗效观察

目的 观察芪苈保肺汤配合黄芪注射液、复方丹参注射液治疗慢性支气管炎的临床疗铲。方法 选择迁延期慢性支气管炎患者１２３例,治疗组８６例内服用药芪苈保肺汤（日１剂,水煎服）,并配合黄芪注射液４０ｍｌ、复方丹参注射液１０￣１６ｍｌ加入５％￣１０％葡萄糖液２５０ｍｌ中静脉滴注;对照组３７例口服气管炎咳嗽痰喘丸（每次３０粒,每日２次）。疗程均为３０日。结果 治疗叫有效率为８９．５３％,对照组总有效率为７８．     

液质联用技术在丹参成分分析中的应用

丹参在中医临床中的应用历史悠久,其治疗作用广泛,特别是在治疗心血管疾病时具有独特的疗效.丹酚酸及丹参酮类成分是丹参中的主要药效成分,因其显著的生物活性备受关注.液质联用技术(LC-MS)是集分离与分析于一体的具有快速、高灵敏度特点的综合分析方法,现已广泛用于中药成分分析中.通过对国内外文献进行系统整理,对LC-MS技术在丹参有效成分分析中的应用进行总结,以期为科学阐释丹参药效物质基础、提高质量控制标准、合理利用丹参药材及含丹参中药制剂提供参考.