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1.

Objective

To observe the effect of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) on the muscle strength in senile sarcopenia.

Methods

Sixty-five old people with sarcopenia were randomized into Yi Jin Jing group and a blank control group. Thirty-three patients in Yi Jin Jing group practiced Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises), while 32 patients in the blank control group didn’t receive any interventions. The muscle strength was measured before and after 12-week training.

Results

During the study, each group had 1 dropout. The muscle strength was improved after 12-week training in Yi Jin Jing group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the blank control group (P>0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between Yi Jin Jing group and the blank control group in comparing the muscle strength (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Constant Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training can notably improve skeletal muscle strength in senile sarcopenia.
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2.

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.

Methods

Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group, 40 cases in each group. The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training, while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet. Prior to and after 6-month intervention, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur, visual analog scale (VAS) and activities of daily living (ADL) were estimated.

Results

There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur, and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). After 6-month intervention, the above items all improved significantly in both groups (both P<0.01); the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group (P<0.01), while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Practice of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis, and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL, with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.
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3.

Objective

To observe the clinical effects of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) in the treatment of shoulder and arm pain.

Methods

A total of 90 patients with shoulder and arm pain were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 45 cases in each group. The treatment of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) was adopted in the observation group, routine acupuncture was used in the control group. The two groups were treated once every day, with 5 treatments as one course, and a 2-day rest between two courses. After 3 courses, pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), and the clinical effects were compared between the two groups.

Results

After the treatment, VAS scores were significantly changed in both groups (both P<0.01). The VAS score was lower in the observation group than that in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 100% in the observation group, versus 91.1% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The therapeutic effect of Shu-acupuncture method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) is better than that of routine acupuncture in treating shoulder and arm pain.
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4.

Objective

To observe the effect of applying tuina to exterior-interiorly connected meridians for post-stroke upper limb spasticity.

Methods

A total of 150 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n=75) and a control group (n=75) by the random number table. Patients in the treatment group received tuina on exterior-interiorly connected meridians, whereas patients in the control group received standard rehabilitation therapy. The therapeutic efficacies in both groups were observed after 3 weeks of treatment.

Results

The total effective rate in the treatment group was 89.3%, versus 61.3% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After the treatment, the muscle tones by the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) were significantly improved in both groups (both P<0.05); and the improvement of muscle tone was more significant in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Applying tuina to exterior-interiorly connected meridians can obtain an exact efficacy for post-stroke upper limb spasticity.
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5.

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus tuina in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.

Methods

Forty-eight KOA patients were randomized into 2 groups by their visiting sequence, 24 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling moxibustion plus tuina, while the control group was treated with acupuncture plus tuina. The two groups were both treated once a day, 30 min for each session, 10 d as a treatment course, totally for 3 treatment courses. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKSS) were observed before and after the treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy.

Results

After 3 treatment courses, the VAS and LKSS scores were significantly changed in the two groups (P<0.01), and the between-group differences were also statistically significant (P<0.01). The markedly-effective rate was 83.3% in the treatment group versus 66.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Warm needling moxibustion plus tuina can produce a more significant efficacy than acupuncture plus tuina in treating KOA due to cold-dampness blocking collaterals.
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6.

Objective

To investigate the effect of tuina along the pathways of meridians on lower limb swelling after surgical repair of fracture.

Methods

A total of 72 cases with lower limb fractures were randomly allocated into an observation group (n=36) and a control group (n=36). On the third day when the draining tube was removed after surgery, patients in both groups started same rehabilitation training. The patients in the observation group received additional tuina therapy along the pathways of meridians, twice a day for 7 d. Then the swelling and deswelling time of patients in both groups were observed.

Results

After 7 d of treatment, the swelling degree of patients in both groups were significantly alleviated (P<0.05); and the alleviation was more significant in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was between-group statistical difference in clinical effect (P<0.05). The follow-up visit 6 months after treatment showed a significantly shorter deswelling time in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Tuina along the pathways of meridians plus rehabilitation training can effectively prevent or alleviate (fracture) postoperative lower limb swelling.
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7.

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of tuina plus heat-sensitive moxibustion in treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Methods

Fifty patients with TMD were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 25 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by tuina plus heat-sensitive moxibustion, while the control group was by medication. The Fricton-Shiffman craniomandibular index (CMI) was observed before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies of the two groups were also evaluated.

Results

There was no significant difference in comparing the CMI score between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After a treatment course, there were significant improvements in evaluating the CMI score in both groups (P<0.01), and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Tuina plus heat-sensitive moxibustion is effective in treating TMD, and it’s safe, without adverse reactions, thus worth promoting in clinic.
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8.

Objective

To observe the clinical effects of tuina manipulations plus the functional training on scapulohumeral periarthritis (SP), and provide the better therapeutic plan for SP patients.

Methods

A total of 76 cases with SP in conformity with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a tuina group and an acupuncture group, 38 patients in each group. All the patients were instructed to do functional training under the guidance of the professional medical practitioners. The patients in the tuina group were treated additionally with tuina manipulations, while the patients in the acupuncture group were added with acupuncture treatment. The two groups were treated once every day. After ten sessions, the changes in the scores of visual analog scale (VAS) and Melle were observed, and the clinical effect was compared.

Results

After the treatment, VAS and Melle scores were all lower in the tuina group than those in the acupuncture group, with statistical significances between the two groups (P<0.05). The remarkable effective rate was 5.3% in the acupuncture group and 21.1% in the tuina group. The remarkable effective rate was higher in the tuina group than that in the acupuncture group, with a statistical significance (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Tuina manipulations plus functional training for SP can effectively alleviate pain and restore the functions of the shoulder joint, with a better effect than acupuncture plus functional training.
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9.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus tuina in treating cervical vertigo (CV).

Methods

One hundred CV patients were randomized into an observation group and an acupuncture group by the random number table, with 50 cases in each group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Xiang Ba Zhen (eight acupoints on the nape); the observation group received tuina treatment in addition to the Xiang Ba Zhen acupuncture. The two groups were both treated once every other day for 10 sessions in total. The two groups were examined by transcranial cerebral Doppler (TCD) before and after the treatment, and their therapeutic efficacies were evaluated.

Results

After the treatment, the mean velocity (Vm) of vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) showed significant improvement in both groups (all P<0.001); there were significant differences in the Vm of VA and BA between the two groups (both P<0.05). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the observation group versus 82.0% in the acupuncture group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Xiang Ba Zhen acupuncture as a monotherapy or used together with tuina can improve CV, but Xiang Ba Zhen plus tuina can produce a more significant efficacy.
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10.

Objective

To explore the clinical efficacy of rotating-lifting oblique Ban-pulling tuina manipulation plus acupuncture in treating cervical vertigo (CV).

Methods

Seventy-three CV patients were divided into two groups by block randomization, 50 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by rotating-lifting oblique Ban-pulling tuina manipulation plus acupuncture, while the control group was by the same acupuncture treatment alone. The tuina treatment was given once every other day and the acupuncture treatment was given once every day. The symptom score was observed before and after 20-day treatment, and the therapeutic efficacies were compared between the two groups.

Results

During the intervention, 14 subjects in the observation group and 13 subjects in the control group dropped out. Finally, 36 cases in the observation group and 37 cases in the control group were involved into the data analysis. After 20-day treatment, the symptom scores were significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05), and the symptom score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 91.7% in the observation group versus 83.8% in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The recovery and markedly effective rate was 69.4% in the observation group versus 32.4% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Rotating-lifting oblique Ban-pulling tuina manipulation plus acupuncture can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of CV patients, and its clinical efficacy is superior to that of acupuncture alone.
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11.

Objective

To discuss the clinical efficacy of Liu’s infantile tuina therapy in treating kid’s allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

Sixty eligible AR kids were randomized into a tuina group and a Western medication group by their visiting sequence, 30 cases in each group. The tuina group was intervened by Liu’s infantile tuina therapy, once daily, 5 times as a treatment course, with a 2-day interval after a course; the control group was by orally taking Loratadine. The therapeutic efficacies were compared and analyzed after treatment for 4 successive weeks.

Results

After treatment, the symptoms such as itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, and stuffy nose were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvements in the tuina group were more remarkable than those in the Western medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% in the tuina group versus 73.3% in the Western medication group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Liu’s infantile tuina therapy can produce a better therapeutic efficacy in treating AR kids compared to oral administration of Loratadine.
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12.

Objective

To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine for patients with diabetic foot (DF) in early stage.

Methods

A total of 70 patients with early-stage DF were randomly allocated by the random number table into two groups, with 35 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional medication, while patients in the observation group received tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine on the basis of conventional medication. The clinical efficacy was compared after 2 courses of treatment.

Results

After treatment, intra-group comparisons of ankle-brachial index (ABI) showed statistical significance in both groups (both P<0.05). The curative rate was 83.3% in the observation group, with the total effective rate of 96.7%, versus 29.4% and 76.5% in the control group, respectively, and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (both P<0.05), indicating a better effect in the observation group.

Conclusion

Tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine has a good therapeutic effect for DF patients in early stage.
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13.

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy and action mechanism of Jin’s three-needle acupuncture plus Long’s chiropractic tuina manipulations in treating cervical vertigo.

Methods

By adopting a randomized controlled method, 80 eligible patients were randomized into an observation group of 41 cases and a control group of 39 cases. The control group was intervened by Jin’s cervical three-needle acupuncture plus acupuncture at the vertigo-pain points and Fengchi (GB 20); the observation group was by Long’s chiropractic tuina manipulations in addition to the treatment given to the control. For both groups, the intervention was given once a day, 7 sessions as a treatment course, with a 1-day interval after a course, for 2 courses in total. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after the first session and the second treatment course, at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

Results

After the first session, the recovery plus markedly effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01); the rate was markedly higher in the observation group than that in the control group after 2 treatment courses (P<0.01); at the 3-month follow-up, the relapse rate was 2.5% in the observation group versus 13.5% in the control, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05); the 6-month follow-up study showed that the relapse rate was 5.0% in the observation group versus 21.6% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); at the 6-month follow-up, the total relapse rate was 7.5% in the observation group versus 35.1% in the control group, and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).

Conclusion

The two treatment protocols are both effective in treating cervical vertigo. However, due to its more significant efficacy, more efficient action and lower relapse rate compared to acupuncture alone, acupuncture plus tuina can be regarded as a verified protocol for cervical vertigo.
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14.

Objective

To observe the effect of acupuncture, tuina plus rehabilitative therapy on lower limb motor dysfunction in infants with spastic cerebral palsy.

Methods

A total of 60 infants with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group by random digital table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with acupuncture, tuina therapy plus rehabilitative therapy of Western medicine. The control group was simply treated with rehabilitative therapy of Western medicine, as same as that for the treatment group. The assessment was respectively given to the sick infants before the treatment and after the treatment of six months, to evaluate lying and rolling scores in dimension A, to evaluate sitting score in dimension B, to evaluate crawling and kneeling scores in dimension C, and evaluate standing score in dimension D in the gross motor functions and determine the muscle tone of the gastrocnemius muscle by modified Ashworth scale (MAS).

Results

The differences were not statistically significant in comparison of the gross motor functions and the muscle tone of the gastrocnemius muscle between the two groups of sick infants before the treatment (P>0.05); after the treatment of six months, the above items were obviously improved in the two groups (P<0.01), better in the treatment group than in the control group, with the statistical significance in the differences between the groups (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Acupuncture, tuina plus rehabilitative therapy of Western medicine are remarkable in the therapeutic effects in the treatment of motor disorders of the lower limbs in the sick infants with spastic cerebral palsy. This therapeutic method is safe, simple and convenient and needs to be clinically popularized and applied.
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15.

Objective

To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus tuina manipulation for thoracic facet joint disorder, and get new clinical evidence for treatment of thoracic facet joint disorder.

Methods

Totally 106 patients with thoracic facet joint disorder were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group based on the random number table. Patients in the control group were treated by tuina manipulation, while those in the observation group were treated by acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points before tuina manipulation. Patients in the two groups were treated once a day. The improvements of signs and symptoms and the efficacy were observed after 3 treatments.

Results

After treatment, there were intra-group statistical differences in scores of 8 signs and symptoms in both groups (P<0.01); the score of each item in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and there was statistical significance in the inter-group difference (P<0.05). The cure rate of the observation group was 50.9%, versus 26.4% in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion

In treating thoracic facet joint disorder, acupuncture plus tuina manipulation can restore the biomechanical balance of thoracic vertebrae, fully maximized the combined effect, and significantly improve the clinical efficacy.
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16.

Objective

To explore the central neurobiological mechanisms of pleasure effect on rats with neuralgia treated by tuina manipulations of An-pressing and Rou-kneading Huantiao (GB 30).

Methods

A total of 64 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. Eighteen rats were randomly selected as a normal group, and the other 46 rats were used to duplicate the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Ten rats failed in modeling and 36 rats succeeded. These 36 rats were then randomly divided into a model group and a tuina group, with 18 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive any interventions, while those in the tuina group received An-pressing and Rou-kneading Huantiao (GB 30), 1 min for each time, once a day, 3 weeks in total. Heating tests were evaluated to observe the change of pain-sensitivity score before intervention, 1 week after intervention, 2 weeks after intervention, and 3 weeks after intervention. After 1 week of intervention, 2 weeks of intervention, and 3 weeks of intervention, 6 rats were randomly selected from each group respectively for brain extraction. The change of Nissl’s body and β-endorphin in the accumbens nucleus as well as amygdaloid nucleus of pleasure circuits, and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate nucleus were analyzed by methods of histochemistry and molecular biology.

Results

After modeling, the pain-sensitivity scores of the tuina group and the model group were statistically different from the score of the normal group (both P<0.05). After An-pressing and Rou-kneading Huantiao (GB 30) for one week, the pain-sensitivity score of the tuina group had statistical difference compared with that of the model group (P<0.05). At each different time point: the amounts of Nissl’s body in accumbens nucleus and amygdaloid nucleus of the tuina group were significantly more than those of the model group (all P<0.01). Besides, the numbers of β-endorphin immunoreactive cells in the accumbens nucleus and amygdaloid nucleus of the rats in the tuina group were significantly higher than those in the model group (all P<0.01), and so was the expression of POMC in arcuate nucleus (all P<0.01).

Conclusion

An-pressing and Rou-kneading Huantiao (GB 30), where the sciatic nerve is ligated, can reduce pain-sensitivity score and increase pain tolerance value of rats with chronic neuralgia. It can increase the activity of neurons in accumbens nucleus and amygdaloid nucleus of pleasure circuits, which indicates that the analgesia effect of tuina therapy may correlate with pleasure effect, and also reveals a part of neurobiological mechanisms of neuralgia.
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17.

Objective

To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture (EA) plus self-made Jiawei Jinhuanggao (Supplemented Golden Yellow Paste) for gouty arthritis.

Methods

A total of 80 cases with gouty arthritis were randomly allocated into an observation group (n=40) and a Western medication group (n=40). Cases in the observation group received EA and external application of self-made Jiawei Jinhuanggao (Supplemented Golden Yellow Paste), whereas cases in the Western medication group took Colchicine and Allopurinol tablets orally. After 10 d of treatment, the pain, joint swelling and uric acid in blood were observed. In addition, the follow-up was conducted 6 months after end of the treatment to evaluate the long-term effect.

Results

After treatment, there were no between-group statistical differences in pain and uric acid in blood (P>0.05); and there were between-group statistical differences in joint swelling and relapse rate (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 97.5% in the observation group, versus 95.0% in the Western medication group, showing no statistical difference (P>0.05).

Conclusion

EA plus Jiawei Jinhuanggao (Supplemented Golden Yellow Paste) has safe and long-term efficacy for gouty arthritis efficacy.
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18.

Objective

To observe the effect of tuina exercise on simple obesity in college students.

Methods

Fifty-seven college students with simple obesity were divided into two groups according to the stratified randomization method. Twenty-eight in the tuina exercise group were trained in tuina exercise; while 29 in the auricular acupoint sticking group were treated with acuricular acupoint sticking. The tuina exercise group was trained once every other day, and 10 times made one course. The auricular acupoint sticking was replaced once every 4 d, and 5 times made one course. After 2-course treatment, the total therapeutic effect, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed.

Results

The total therapeutic effect was 86.2% in the auricular acupoint sticking group and 85.7% in the tuina exercise group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences were decreased and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The waist and hip circumferences in the tuina exercise group were lower than those in the auricular acupoint sticking group, showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). After treatment, there were no significant intra-group differences in TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C in the two groups (all P>0.05), and the between-group differences were not significant (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

Tuina exercise has reliable effect in treating obesity. It can produce more significant improvements in waist and hip circumferences than auricular acupoint sticking. But no obvious effect is shown in blood lipid indicators.
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19.

Objective

To observe the clinical efficacy of Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation in treating infantile diarrhea.

Methods

Sixty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated by Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation, while the patients in the control group were treated by conventional Shanghai-style tuina method, once per day, continuous 5 d for a treatment course. The efficacy was evaluated according to the score of the quantization table for symptoms differentiation in infantile diarrhea after one course.

Results

During the treatment, two cases in the control group dropped out. After treatment, the scores were significantly decreased in both groups and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01), indicating the two treatment methods were effective with infantile diarrhea. In the efficacies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, the cured and markedly effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), suggesting that Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndrome differentiation was more effective than conventional Shanghai-style tuina method.

Conclusion

Conventional Shanghai-style tuina method is characterized by fixed acupoints, remembering easily and operating conveniently. It has a significant effect in treating children with diarrhea, and is worthy of clinical promotion and popularization. However, Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndromes differentiation requires the solid theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience of TCM. And because Shanghai-style tuina method based on syndromes differentiation is applied under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and TCM theory, it can improve the clinical efficacy.
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20.

Objective

To observe the effect of mild-warm moxa stick moxibustion on fatigue, immune state and quality of life (QOL) in sub-health population.

Methods

A total of 120 cases were randomly allocated into a moxibustion group ((n=60) and a Chinese patent medicine (CPM) group (n=60). People in the moxibustion group were intervened with mild-warm moxa stick moxibustion, once a day; while people in the control group took oral Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan (Spleen/stomach-supplementing and Qi-boosting Pill), 3 doses a day. Two months made up a course of treatment. The fatigue, immune state and QOL were then observed after one treatment course, followed by a 12-month follow-up.

Results

A total of 115 cases completed the clinical trial. After intervention, the fatigue scores, immune parameters and QOL scores were significantly increased in both groups, showing statistical significances (P<0.05). There were between-group significant differences in fatigue score, levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, natural killer (NK) cell activity and QOL score (P<0.05). After the 12-month follow-up, there were still significant between-group differences in fatigue score, physical health, psychological, social relationships and overall perception of QOL and overall perception of health (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Mild-warm moxibustion can markedly improve the fatigue, immune state and QOL in sub-health population.
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