桑叶水提物及醇提物抗菌作用的研究

目的：研究桑叶水提物及不同浓度醇提物的体外抑菌和杀菌作用。方法：测定桑叶水提物及50％，70％，85％，95％醇提物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：桑叶水提物及醇提物均对金黄色葡萄球菌有较明显抑菌及杀菌作用，对变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌也有一定的抑菌或杀菌效果．95%醇提物对绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌未显示明显抗菌作用。结论：桑叶具有一定抗菌保健作用，在功能性食品、美容保健用品等的制备方面具有开发及应用价值。     

超细化处理复方化毒膏、散抗炎及抑菌作用的研究

目的研究超细化复方化毒膏、散的抗炎及抑菌作用。方法应用大鼠足爪肿胀法造急性炎症模型,将动物模型分为三组,超细组（外敷超细化复方化毒膏）、传统组（外敷复方化毒膏）、模型组（外敷丹士林）,检测动物模型的血流灌注量、血细胞浓度、血流速度、体表温度,测量足爪肿胀度。检测超细化复方化毒散醇提物和水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、假单胞绿脓杆菌和埃希氏大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果超细化复方化毒膏对动物模型局部微循环的影响：血流灌注量有明显的降低作用,为模型组的48.45%（P〈0.01）,为传统组的66.42%（P〈0.05）;对血细胞浓度有明显降低作用,为模型组的51.52%,与传统组比无显著性差异;对血流速度有明显增强作用,为模型组的64.24%（P〈0.05）,为传统组的68.58（P〈0.05）。三组对体表温度的改善方面没有显著性差异。超细化复方化毒散的醇提物和水提物的最小抑菌浓度：对金黄色葡萄球菌分别为6.25、3.125mg生药/ml,对其余菌均为6.25生药mg/ml。结论超细化复方化毒散具有明显的抑菌作用,其膏的抗炎作用明显优于传统的复方化毒膏。     

金银花的体外抑菌作用研究

目的：探讨金银花体外抑菌作用。方法：用K—B纸片扩散法100％金银花浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果：金银花对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论：金银花在体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

新鲜仙人掌和芦荟的抑菌实验研究

目的测定新鲜仙人掌和芦荟对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等5种常见细菌的抑菌作用,以及二者在抑菌方面的差异。方法采用MH(B)营养肉汤递倍稀释法,分别研究二者在醇提与水煎两种方法下对五种常见细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果经醇提得到的两种药液,其抑菌效果明显高于水煎液,而仙人掌醇提液对几种常见细菌均有抑制作用,并且对金葡萄球菌的抑菌效果明显高于其它药液,芦荟醇提液对铜绿假单胞菌抑菌效果较明显。结论此实验结果可为临床治疗某些致病菌引起的感染时,选择仙人掌还是芦荟药物提供参考依据。     

山豆根体外抑菌作用研究

目的：探讨山豆根的体外抑菌作用。方法：用K－B纸片扩散法。100％山豆根浸出液滤纸片对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果：山豆根对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论：山豆根在体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

解毒宣透汤水提物和醇提物化学指标及药效的比较研究

目的：评价复方中药解毒宣透汤水提和醇提对化学成分指标含量以及对抗炎和抑菌实验结果的影响，考察化学成分指标与药效的相关性，探讨复方有效组分。方法：分别采用水提和醇提工艺制备解毒宣透汤提取物，用RP-LPLC法测定连翘苷、绿原酸和黄芩苷含量，并考察提取的抗炎和抑菌作用。结果：水提物和醇提物均具有抗炎和抑菌作用，且水提物的作用略强于醇提物，而水提物中连翘苷和黄芩苷含量低于醇提物，与复方的抗炎和抑菌作用呈非正性相关。结论：解毒宣透汤以水提为佳，复方的提取工艺筛选以药效为指标较妥。     

连翘体外抑菌作用的研究

目的：探讨连翘的体外抑菌作用。方法；用K－B纸片扩散法。100％连翘浸出液滤纸片对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果：连翘对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论：连翘体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

5种中药醇提物体外抑制2种革兰阳性菌的活性

目的:研究丹参、丁香、厚朴、金银花、大黄这5种中药醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活力,进而通过正交试验考察不同配比对这2种革兰阳性菌的抑菌作用.方法:丹参、丁香、厚朴、金银花、大黄醇提物浓缩至0.2g·mL-1,通过测量抑菌圈直径考察不同中药醇提物与醇提物配伍后对这2种细菌的抑菌效果.结果:痤疮丙酸杆菌对丹参醇提物为高度敏感,抑菌圈直径为(23.27±3.68) mm,对丁香、厚朴醇提物为中度敏感,为(18.82±2.27),(17.78±1.88) mm;金黄色葡萄球菌对丁香和厚朴醇提物为高度敏感,抑菌圈直径分别为(21.94±0.74),(19.52士1.09)mm,对大黄和丹参为中度敏感,抑菌圈直径为(14.43±2.24),(16.01±0.88) mm.丹参、厚朴、丁香醇提物最佳复配比例为1∶1∶1,其对痤疮丙酸杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(20.07±1.26),(20.57±0.38) mm.结论:丹参、厚朴、丁香的醇提物对这2种菌的抑菌活力均为高度敏感,抑菌作用最佳.丹参、厚朴、丁香的醇提物对2种菌抑菌活性的最佳配比为1∶1∶1.     

石香薷、苏州荠芋抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：比较石香薷、苏州荠芋水提物和醇提物的体外抑菌作用。方法：采用二倍稀释法测定提取物的最小抑菌浓度。结果：石香薷水提物抑菌作用显著强于醇提物；苏州荠荸水提物和醇提物的抑菌作用相近；苏州荠等对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较为显著，最小抑菌浓度为0．125g/ml。结论：苏州荠等水提物和醇提物与石香薷的水提物均具有一定的抑菌作用，苏州荠芋可进一步开发利用。     

牡丹皮的体外抑菌作用研究

目的：探讨牡丹皮体外抑菌作用。方法：用K—B纸片扩散法。100％牡丹皮浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、炭疽杆菌、变形杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果：牡丹皮对以上细菌均有明显抑菌作用。结论：牡丹皮在体外有明显的抑菌作用。     

Immobilization effect of Ruta graveolens L. on human sperm: a new hope for male contraception

AIM OF THE STUDY: Contraceptive plants which were introduced by folk in traditional remedies are investigated worldwide. In this study, the contraceptive effects of Ruta graveolens L., which has been mentioned for male contraceptive in Iranian traditional folk medicine, was experimented on human sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different doses of lyophilized aqueous extract of Ruta graveolens L. were added to an amount of fresh semen, containing 10(6) cells in a 1:1 volumic ratio. Motility and viability of cells, DNA status, mitochondrial activity and sperm revival tests were carried out. RESULTS: The sperm immobilization effects of the extract appeared immediately in a does-dependent manner and 100% of the sperms became immotile at a concentration of 100mg/ml but other parameters were intact. After washing the sperms, motility was returned in 30.8+/-3.2% of the sperms, besides coiled tails in 38.6+/-5.5% of the treated cells, in comparison to 12.5+/-2.0% of the control group (p=0.001). The part of the extract, responsible for immobilization of the sperms was stable upon boiling. CONCLUSIONS: As the cells were alive and immotile, probably some ionic currents are blocked by a thermostable component of the plant which can be promising as a new male channel blocker contraceptive.     

藏药翁布不同提取物的体外抑菌实验研究

目的研究藏药翁布不同提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法采用滤纸片扩散法对藏药翁布Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv.水提物和醇提物分别进行了体外抑菌实验研究。结果藏药翁布水提物和醇提物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为70%和50%,对其他8种菌的最低抑菌浓度均在5%以下,有显著的抑菌作用。结论翁布水提物的抑菌效果好于醇提物。     

复方芸香抗结核菌作用及其对Ⅲ型肺结核疗效

实验结果表明，复方芸香对试管内人型结核菌抑制作用较强，对牛型、鸟型结核菌则作用弱；对小鼠结核病模型疗效显著；对人结核病疗效也显著。     

Antimicrobial activity of some coumarin containing herbal plants growing in Finland

Antimicrobial screening against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, mold, as well as plant pathogenic fungi, with emphasis on method optimization was carried out on methanol extracts prepared from seven plants grown in Finland. Sensitivity to the extracts was found to vary considerably among the micro-organisms, the extract from Petroselinum crispum and Ruta graveolens showing the highest toxicity against Rhizoctonia solani. The growth of Heterobasidium annosum was inhibited, whereas that of Phytophtora (cactorum) was promoted by all the extracts. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of six natural coumarin compounds were weak, except for the inhibitory effect against Fusarium culmorum.     

The effects of Anethum graveolens L. on female reproductive system

The effects of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) extracts on the female reproductive system were studied in 54 Wistar female rats with regular estrous cycle in six groups. The experimental groups were fed with 0.045 g/kg and 0.45 g/kg of aqueous extract, 0.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg of ethanol extract for 10 days. The sham group was fed with solvent and the controls received no treatment. The estrous cycle changes were determined by daily vaginal smear changes. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment blood samples were provided to determine the blood estradiol and progesterone concentration. The ovaries were prepared histologically and the volume of different follicles was estimated. A significant increase was observed in the duration of the estrous cycle and in the diestrus phase and the progesterone concentration in high dose extract treatment. The stereological study did not reveal any significant changes in the volumes of ovaries, primary, secondary and graafian follicles. Dill can be used either as a regulatory agent of the menstrual cycle for women with irregular cycles or as an antifertility agent. More studies are needed to clarify the properties of this herb.     

石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物抑菌作用的实验研究

目的探讨石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物的体外抑菌活性效果并确认其有效部位。方法提取两种化合物,采用试管两倍稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌进行体外抑菌实验。结果石榴皮中鞣质类化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,而黄酮类化合物对绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌抑菌效果不强。结论石榴皮中鞣质和黄酮类化合物有一定的抑菌作用,且鞣质类化合物呈现广谱抗菌特性,并具有抗耐药菌作用。     

Continuity and change in the Mediterranean medical tradition: Ruta spp. (rutaceae) in Hippocratic medicine and present practices

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ruta is a genus of Rutaceae family. It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region and present in traditional medicine of this region since Antiquity. The three most diffused species Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana (L.) L., are morphologically poorly differentiated and were probably interchangeably used during Antiquity. AIM OF THE STUDY: Hippocratic and contemporary medical applications of the Ruta genus in the Mediterranean were compared to check if they result from a continuity of use from the ancient times to nowadays. RESULTS: Ruta spp. was mainly employed in medical preparations by Hippocratic physicians as an abortifacient and emmenagogue. In addition to gynaecological conditions, in several treatises of the Corpus HippocraticumRuta spp. were also recommended as a specific remedy against pulmonary diseases. Ruta spp. leaves and also roots and seeds, were administered for internal use by Hippocratic physicians after having been soaked in wine or mixed with honey or its derivatives. Contemporary traditional uses of Ruta spp. have been assessed in detail in the whole Mediterranean area. CONCLUSION: Nowadays, Ruta spp. is used to treat different conditions but, as a general rule, the external uses are preferred as the toxicity of the plant is widely acknowledged.     

4种中药体外抗结核分枝杆菌H37RV的研究

目的研究中药夏枯草、积雪草、筋骨草和青蒿素的体外抗结核分枝杆菌H37RV的活性。方法采用改良罗氏固体培养基试管培养法进行活性检测。结果夏枯草醇提物抗结核效果明显;积雪草苷片、筋骨草及青蒿素均无效。结论夏枯草醇提物抗结核菌效果优于水提物;积雪草醇提物有微弱抑制结核杆菌活性,但其有效成分可能不是积雪草苷;青蒿素及二氢青蒿素无抑制结核分枝杆菌的活性。     

地桃花水提物的体外抗菌实验研究

目的:探讨地桃花水提物在体外的抗菌作用。方法:采用琼脂二倍稀释法对地桃花水提物进行MIC实验研究。结果:地桃花水提液在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌和普通变形杆菌均具一定的抑菌活性,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和普通变形杆菌的抑菌活性更为显著。结论:本研究为地桃花药材水提物的抗菌效用提供了实验依据。     

Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin by Pelargonium graveolens essential oil against selected uropathogens

The recent approach of using herbs and antibiotics in combination constitutes a strategy to overcome the problems of resistance and side effects associated with conventional antibiotics. In the present study, the antimicrobial effect of Pelargonium graveolens L' Hér essential oil in combination with ciprofloxacin was evaluated on uropathogens, namely, Klebsiella pneumoniae KT2, Proteus mirabilis PRT3 and Staphylococcus aureus ST2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of P. graveolens essential oil and ciprofloxacin were determined by the microbroth dilution method and further, the interaction between these two agents was studied by a checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated to be 0.375 for both K. pneumoniae KT2 and P. mirabilis PRT3, while for S. aureus ST2 it was found to be 0.5. The values of FICI for the tested microorganisms were found to be ≤0.5, which indicates synergism between P. graveolens essential oil and ciprofloxacin. The concave shaped curve in the isobolograms also depicted a synergistic effect of P. graveolens essential oil and ciprofloxacin against the tested microorganisms. Hence, the synergistic action of P. graveolens essential oil and ciprofloxacin may be applied for the treatment of UTIs, which have hitherto been treated by using only synthetic drugs.