清热除湿止痛液的提取工艺研究

目的:优选清热除湿止痛液的提取工艺。方法:以龙胆苦苷含量为指标,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验来考察加水倍量、提取次数和提取时间对龙胆苦苷的影响。结果:最佳提取工艺为加水量8倍,提取3次,每次提取50 min。结论:优选出的提取工艺稳定、可行、重复性好,可作为清热除湿止痛液的提取工艺。     

栀子中效应成分的稳定性考察及减压提取工艺优选

目的：考察栀子水提液中栀子苷、西红花苷I的稳定性并优选栀子的减压提取工艺参数。方法：采用经典恒温法考察栀子水提液中栀子苷、西红花苷I的稳定性。以栀子苷、西红花苷I含量及浸膏得率为因变量,提取温度、提取时间、料液比为自变量,利用Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选提取工艺条件。结果：最佳提取工艺参数为提取温度45 ℃,提取时间60 min,料液比1：14;栀子苷质量分数3.51%,西红花苷I质量分数1.21%,浸膏得率28.24%,RSD分别为1.44%,2.21%,0.96%,各因变量与预测值偏差较小。结论：减压提取法适合药材中热敏性成分的提取,优选的减压工艺稳定可行,为栀子的综合利用开发提供实验依据。     

多指标正交试验法优选桂圆益气补血汤煎煮工艺

目的：优选桂圆益气补血汤的煎煮工艺条件。方法：采用HPLC测定阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷含量,流动相分别为甲醇-0.05%磷酸溶液（60：40）,乙腈-水（33：67）,检测波长分别为320,203 nm。以干膏得率和黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、总多糖含量的综 合评分为指标,通过正交试验考察煎煮时间、料液比、煎煮次数对桂圆益气补血汤煎煮工艺的影响。结果：最佳煎煮工艺条件为加12倍量水煎煮3次,每次36 min,煎煮前浸泡30 min;浸膏得率39.3%,阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷提取量分别为18.24,68.17 mg·g^-1,多糖得率6.80%。结论：优选的煎煮工艺条件稳定且重复性好,适用于桂圆益气补血汤的工业生产。     

培土清心颗粒提取工艺优选

目的: 优选培土清心颗粒的提取工艺条件。 方法: 以挥发油收率为指标,采用单因素试验考察加水量、浸泡及蒸馏时间对挥发油提取工艺的影响;以连翘苷提取率和出膏率为综合评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验考察提取次数、提取时间、加水量、浸泡时间对水提取工艺的影响。 结果: 挥发油最佳提取工艺为加8倍量水浸泡0.5 h,蒸馏6 h;最佳水提取工艺为加10倍量水煎煮3次,每次1 h。 结论: 优选的提取工艺简单、稳定、可行,为培土清心颗粒的成型工艺研究奠定基础。     

煎药机与传统煎药法制备的清热除湿汤质量比较研究

目的评价煎药机和传统煎药法所得清热除湿汤剂的质量。方法用煎药机煎煮和传统煎药方法制备清热除湿汤药液,比较2种方法所得药液的干浸膏得率,以及龙胆苦苷和黄芩苷的转移率。结果煎药机制备药液干浸膏得率9.84%,传统煎药法制备药液干浸膏得率17.42%;煎药机制备药液中龙胆苦苷转移率67.42%,黄芩苷转移率34.26%;传统煎药法制备药液中龙胆苦苷转移率89.16%,黄芩苷转移率43.55%。2种方法制备煎剂各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论传统煎药法制备的清热除湿汤质量优于煎药机制备的汤剂质量。     

RP-HPLC测定不同海拔新疆假龙胆中3种有效成分的含量

目的： 建立不同海拔蒙药新疆假龙胆中3种有效成分的RP-HPLC测定方法。方法： 采用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷的流动相为甲醇-水（20:80）,芒果苷的流动相为甲醇-0.5%乙酸（25:75）,检测波长分别为獐牙菜苦苷238 nm,龙胆苦苷270 nm,芒果苷254 nm,柱温25℃。结果： 实验所建立的测定方法简便准确,在1 900~3 035 m的不同海拔的新疆假龙胆中獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷的含量变化范围分别是1.30%~2.48%,0.377%~0.508%,0.041%~0.071%。结论： 不同海拔的新疆假龙胆中3种有效成分含量随海拔高度增高均呈增加趋势。     

龙胆标准提取物制备及质量标准研究

 目的优化龙胆标准提取物的制备工艺,建立龙胆标准提取物中龙胆苦苷的含量测定方法。方法采用L₉(3⁴)正交实验设计优化龙胆的提取工艺和XDA-1大孔树脂纯化条件;建立高效液相色谱测定标准提取物中龙胆苦苷含量的方法。结果龙胆最佳提取条件为:药材最粗粉加10倍量水,回流提取3次,每次1 h,水提浸膏中龙胆苦苷含量、以龙胆苦苷计提取率及浸膏得率分别为4.40%、100.4%和57.49%。大孔树脂纯化条件为上样液中龙胆苦苷浓度8.0 g·L^-1,pH4,上样液流速0.13 mL·min^-1,大孔树脂XDA-1对龙胆苦苷的吸附量达到62.26 mg·g^-1;以31.50 mL的水和94.50 mL的20%乙醇梯度洗脱,流速分别为0.50,0.25 mL·min^-1,制得的龙胆标准提取物中龙胆苦苷含量为32.20%,是水提浸膏含量的7倍,从药材到标准提取物的转移率以龙胆苦苷计为79.2%。龙胆苦苷浓度在0.22～13.84 g·L^-1内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),平均加样回收率为96.88%,RSD为1.10%。结论水煎法结合大孔树脂富集是制备龙胆标准提取物的有效方法。高效液相色谱法可用于龙胆标准提取物中龙胆苦苷的质量控制,为更深入的研究龙胆标准提取物提供了基础。     

正交试验法优选芪胶膏水提取工艺

目的:优选芪胶膏水提取工艺。方法:以黄芪甲苷和水浸出物提出量为考察指标,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定黄芪甲苷含量,选取提取次数、提取时间及加水量为考察因素,正交设计法优选芪胶膏水提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为加8倍量水煎煮3次,每次1h。结论:该优选工艺提取芪胶膏中黄芪甲苷时,收率较高且稳定可行。     

骨松健骨颗粒的提取工艺优选

目的: 优选骨松健骨颗粒的提取工艺。 方法: 采用正交试验法,以淫羊藿苷提取量和干膏得率为指标,考察加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数对提取工艺的影响。 结果: 最佳提取工艺为加10倍量水煎煮3次,每次1 h。 结论: 优选的工艺合理可行,提取效率高,适用于工业化生产。     

鹿红方提取纯化工艺研究

  目的：优选鹿红方的提取和纯化工艺  方法：以黄芪甲苷、羟基红花黄色素A转移率及干膏得率为化学指标,采用正交设计试验,考察加水量、浸泡时间、提取时间对鹿红方提取工艺的影响。采用单因素试验对鹿红方的纯化工艺进行考察  结果：优选的提取工艺为:加8倍量水,浸泡30 min,煎煮2次,每次30 min；优选的纯化工艺为高速离心法,转速为10 000 r/min,时间为10 min  结论：本提取和纯化工艺合理、稳定、可行,为鹿红方的进一步研发提供了参考依据。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。