不同栀子饮片二萜色素类成分比较研究

目的：对栀子不同饮片二萜色素类成分进行比较研究。方法：HPLC同时测定4个主要成分（crocin1，crocin2，crocin3，crocetin）含量，KromasilC18柱，流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0．3％甲酸水不同梯度洗脱，检测波长440nm，流速1．0mL·min^-1，柱温35℃。结果：4个成分在测定范围内线性关系较好（r〉0．9995），平均回收率分别为97．77％，100．05％，98．40％，101．02％。结论：所建立的方法准确、可靠。栀子炮制前后色素类成分发生了明显变化，栀子不同饮片的含量变化呈现一定的规律性。     

HPLC测定栀子果实不同部位二萜色素类成分含量

目的:对栀子果实、果仁、果皮中二萜色素类成分进行比较研究.方法:HPLc法同时测定3个主要成分(crocin 1,crocin 2,crocin 3)含量,kromasil C_(18)柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.3%甲酸水不同梯度洗脱,检测波长440 nm,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃.结果:3个成分在测定范围内线性关系较好(r>0.999 5),平均回收率分别为97.50%,98.76%,97.67%.栀子果实不同部位中均含有3种二萜色素类成分,且含量有较大差异.结论:3种成分以栀子果仁中含量最高,为揭示栀子果仁、果皮的不同临床功效提供了实验依据.     

栀子不同饮片环烯醚萜苷类成分比较研究

目的:对栀子不同饮片环烯醚萜苷类成分进行比较研究。方法:HPLC同时测定2个主要成分(京尼平龙胆二糖苷,京尼平苷)含量,色谱条件为Kromasil C₁₈柱,流动相乙腈-0.3%甲酸水(12∶88),检测波长238 nm,流速1.0 mL.min^-1,柱温35℃。结果:2个成分在测定范围内线性关系较好(r>0.999 4),平均回收率分别为101.8%,99.1%。栀子不同饮片中2种环烯醚萜苷类成分含量有差异。结论:所建立的方法准确、可靠,栀子不同饮片的含量变化呈现一定的规律性。     

姜制对栀子中主要化学成分的影响

目的:比较分析栀子姜制前后主成分的含量变化趋势.方法:UPLC同时测定4个二萜色素类成分(C-1,C-2,C-3,C)含量,Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱,流动相甲醇-0.5％甲酸水不同梯度洗脱,检测波长440 nm,流速0.4mL·min-1,柱温35℃;HPLC同时测定2个环烯醚萜苷类成分(G-1,G-2)含量,Agilent TC-C18(2)柱,流动相乙腈-0.5％甲酸溶液(18∶ 82),检测波长238 nm,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温35℃.结果:栀子经姜制后二萜色素类成分总量略有降低,环烯醚萜苷类成分总量略有升高.结论:栀子姜制前后主成分含量略有升高,但总体上差异不大.     

基于表里关联的栀子饮片炮制过程中表观颜色变化与其内在成分含量的相关性分析

目的:研究焦栀子、栀子炭炮制过程中表观颜色与其主要成分环烯醚萜苷类和二萜色素类含量变化的相关性,为规范栀子饮片的炮制工艺提供实验依据。方法:采用电子眼获取栀子炮制过程饮片的色度值,分析栀子不同炒制时间点饮片颜色的变化规律,利用紫外分光光度法测定总环烯醚萜苷和总二萜色素的含量变化情况,采用Pearson法对多源数据进行相关性分析。结果:栀子炮制过程中L*(明度值),a*(红绿分量值),b*(黄蓝分量值)变化趋势与总环烯醚萜苷含量呈负相关,与总二萜色素含量呈正相关。焦栀子过程饮片L*和总二萜色素含量相关性最大;栀子炭过程饮片b*和总二萜色素含量相关性最大。结论:颜色和色素类成分可考虑作为栀子炮制过程中的控制和监测指标。     

大黄不同饮片中2个蒽醌苷类成分的比较研究

目的：对大黄5种不同饮片中2个蒽醌苷类成分的含量进行比较研究。方法：HPLC同时测定芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄酸-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量，Agilent TC-C₁₈(2)柱，流动相 乙腈-1％冰醋酸溶液(20∶80)，检测波长410 nm，流速1.0 mL·min^-1，柱温35 ℃。结果：2个成分的线性关系较好(r>0.999 8)，测定范围分别为0.017 44～0.348 8，0.084～1.68 μg，平均回收率分别为97.82%，97.87%。结论：大黄炮制过程中2个蒽醌苷类成分含量发生了明显变化，生片、酒片、醋片的含量没有显著性差异，熟片、炭片含量较生品下降明显，大黄不同饮片蒽醌苷类成分含量变化呈现一定的规律性。     

栀子果实不同部位中环烯醚萜苷类成分的比较研究

目的:对栀子果实、果仁、果皮中环烯醚萜苷类成分进行比较研究.方法:HPLC法同时测定2个主要成分(genipin gentiobioside,geniposide)含量,Kromasil C_(18)柱,流动相为乙腈-0.3%甲酸水溶液12:88,检测波长238 nm,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35 ℃.结果:4个成分在测定范围内线性关系较好(r＞0.999 4),平均回收率分别为99.11%,98.47%.栀子果实不同部位中均含有这2种环烯醚萜苷类成分,且含量有较大差异.结论:2种成分以栀子果仁中含量最高,为揭示栀子果仁、果皮的不同临床功效提供了实验依据.     

大黄不同饮片中2个蒽醌苷类成分的比较研究

目的:对大黄5种不同饮片中2个蒽醌苷类成分的含量进行比较研究.方法:HPLC同时测定芦荟大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄酸-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量,AgiIent TC-C_(18)(2)柱,流动相乙腈-一1%冰醋酸溶液(20:80),检测波长410 nm,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃.结果:2个成分的线性关系较好(r>0.999 8),测定范围分别为0.017 44～0.348 8,0.084-1.68μg,平均回收率分别为97.82%,97.87%.结论:大黄炮制过程中2个蒽醌苷类成分含量发生了明显变化,生片、酒片、醋片的含量没有显著性差异,熟片、炭片含量较生品下降明显,大黄不同饮片蒽醌苷类成分含量变化呈现一定的规律性.     

栀子不同炮制品中挥发油类成分的GC-MS分析

栀子果实含有挥发油类成分,不同炮制品的栀子挥发油种类和比例相差甚远.该实验以生栀子、炒栀子、焦栀子、栀子炭等4个炮制品种为研究对象,利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,结果生栀子、炒栀子、焦栀子、栀子炭中的挥发油质量分数分别为1.2,1.0,0.9,0.7 μL·g^-1.以GC-MS技术鉴定并比较了4类栀子饮片挥发性成分差异,共124种挥发油成分被鉴定,其中生栀子中鉴定53种,炒栀子54种,焦栀子32种,栀子炭43种;根据峰面积归一化法分析,其分别占各栀子饮片挥发油总量的93.85%,92.01%,91.59%,90.81%.该文用GC-MS分析栀子不同炮制品种中挥发油成分组成及其含量变化,为阐释栀子饮片炮制机制提供科学依据.     

不同炮制方法对栀子姜炙前后二萜色素类成分的影响

目的：比较不同方法炮制的姜栀子中二萜色素类成分的变化情况。方法：按照《全国中药炮制规范》和《北京市中药饮片炮制规范》收载的方法分别炮制姜栀子,以HPLC法对两种姜栀子进行3个二萜色素苷及1个二萜色素苷元含量的比较。结果：两种方法炮制的姜栀子与生栀子相比,藏红花糖苷-1（crocin-1）和藏红花糖苷-2（crocin-2）含量显著降低,藏红花糖苷-3（crocin-3）含量无明显变化,藏红花酸（crocetin）含量明显增加。结论：两种姜炙法对栀子二萜色素苷类成分均有较大影响,而且辅料姜汁的加入方式对该类成分的变化也有着不同程度的影响,“先拌姜汁后炒”《北京市中药饮片炮制规范》的姜炙方法对二萜色素苷类成分的影响明显大于“炒中喷姜汁”《全国中药饮片炮制规范》。应进一步开展两种姜栀子以及藏红花酸糖苷-1和藏红花酸糖苷-2不同比例的药理作用比较研究,以科学揭示二者的炮制原理。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。