黄芩炒炭前后挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

目的:比较黄芩炒炭前后挥发性成分的含量变化,为阐明其炮制机制提供参考。方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄芩中挥发油,利用GC-MS分析黄芩炮制品中挥发油成分的组成及含量变化,DB-5MS气相色谱柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25μm),载气为氦气,电子轰击电离源,离子源温度280℃,质谱接口温度280℃,电子能量70 e V。全离子扫描,质量扫描范围m/z 33~350,流速40 m L·min~(-1),分流比5∶1,采集延时2 min,图谱采集时间50.0 min。通过检索比对NIST-05标准质谱图谱库,鉴定样品挥发油中化学成分。结果:生黄芩、黄芩炭中挥发油提取量分别为1.3,0.8μL·g~(-1),GC-MS共鉴定了50种挥发油成分,其中生黄芩25种,黄芩炭31种。根据峰面积归一化法分析,鉴定的成分分别占生黄芩、黄芩炭饮片挥发油总量的100.00%,99.93%。结论:黄芩炒炭后挥发性成分含量有所降低,挥发性成分组成有所改变,但炒炭后挥发性成分尚存,可为阐释黄芩"炒炭存性"的炮制机制提供科学依据。     

炒制对栀子饮片中鞣质含量及吸附性的影响

目的：研究栀子炒焦、炒炭后的鞣质含量及其吸附力的变化规律,为揭示栀子饮片炒制原理提供实验依据。方法：比较测定栀子及炒焦、炒炭品的色素吸附力、鞣质含量、pH与电导率的变化。结果：栀子炒制后吸附率与鞣质含量明显上升,以炭药最高。栀子炒炭品的pH普遍高于炒焦品。栀子及其炒制品电导率没有规律性的变化。结论：栀子及其炒制品的吸附率及其鞣质含量的变化可以作为研究炒焦、炒炭品的指标,pH可以作为栀子焦品与炭品的区别指标。为栀子饮片炮制规范的制定提供了参考。     

基于表里关联的栀子饮片炮制过程中表观颜色变化与其内在成分含量的相关性分析

目的:研究焦栀子、栀子炭炮制过程中表观颜色与其主要成分环烯醚萜苷类和二萜色素类含量变化的相关性,为规范栀子饮片的炮制工艺提供实验依据。方法:采用电子眼获取栀子炮制过程饮片的色度值,分析栀子不同炒制时间点饮片颜色的变化规律,利用紫外分光光度法测定总环烯醚萜苷和总二萜色素的含量变化情况,采用Pearson法对多源数据进行相关性分析。结果:栀子炮制过程中L*(明度值),a*(红绿分量值),b*(黄蓝分量值)变化趋势与总环烯醚萜苷含量呈负相关,与总二萜色素含量呈正相关。焦栀子过程饮片L*和总二萜色素含量相关性最大;栀子炭过程饮片b*和总二萜色素含量相关性最大。结论:颜色和色素类成分可考虑作为栀子炮制过程中的控制和监测指标。     

砂仁及其炒制品的挥发油测试

对砂仁及其炒制品挥发油含量进行测定和TLC的鉴别。结果表明，挥发油的含量，生品＞炒黄＞土炒＞麸炒＞炒焦＞炒炭品；而TLC鉴别结果其成分未显示明显变化。这些研究，为今后制定砂仁合理的炮制工艺，并使之饮片规范化，提供参考。     

江栀子不同炮制饮片的《药典》质量检查及挥发油成分比较

目的 检验江栀子不同炮制品是否符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典·一部》规定,浅析炮制对栀子挥发油成分和功能的影响。方法 将江栀子不同炮制品参照《中华人民共和国药典·一部》栀子项下的检验项目,依次进行检测;采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取江栀子不同炮制品的挥发油,运用GC-MS鉴定挥发油的各个成分并计算相对质量分数。结果 江栀子不同炮制品均符合《中华人民共和国药典·一部》规定。鉴定出了生栀子23个和炒栀子36个挥发油成分。其中,13个成分的含量随着炮制程度的加深而降低,7个成分的含量升高。结论 江栀子不同炮制品均合格,江栀子不同炮制品的挥发油成分种类和含量差异有统计学意义,为临床用药提供了基础的数据支撑。     

炮制对栀子中色素类成分含量的影响△

目的:研究炮制对栀子中色素类成分含量的影响.方法:以西红花苷-Ⅰ、西红花苷-Ⅱ和西红花酸含量为指标,对3个产地的栀子、炒栀子与焦栀子中试饮片进行比较.结果:西红花苷-Ⅰ、西红花苷-Ⅱ的含量顺序为:栀子>炒栀子>焦栀子;西红花酸的含量顺序为:栀子<炒栀子<焦栀子.结论:加热炒制可使栀子中西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ含量显著降低,栀子经炒黄、炒焦后可产生西红花酸.     

枳实不同炮制品挥发油GC-MS分析

目的: 采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对江西产枳实生品、麸炒品、蜜麸炒品、蜜糠炒品中挥发油成分进行 定性和定量分析。 方法: 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取枳实中挥发油,建立GC-MS分析方法鉴定不同枳实炮制品中挥发油成分,质谱条件为电子轰击能量70 eV,离子源温度230 ℃,加速电压34.6 V,倍增器电压1 388 V,四极杆温度150 ℃,扫描数4.45次/s, 利用峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对质量分数。 结果: 从枳实4种炮制品中共鉴定出163个化合物,加辅料炮制后均有新化合物产生且成分种类增多,麸炒枳实中含有的挥发油种类最多。麸炒品、蜜糠炒品、蜜麸炒品和生品中分别鉴定出99,87,81,79种,四者共有挥发油成分42种。与枳实生品相比,麸炒后新增52种化合物,蜜麸炒后新增26种化合物,蜜糠炒后新增28种化合物。 结论: GC-MS适用于枳实挥发油中化学成分的分析,为枳实炮制品的质量评价和炮制机制研究提供实验依据。     

GC-MS结合AMDIS和保留指数研究不同炮制火候麸炒白术挥发性成分动态变化规律

为了研究白术麸炒过程中从炒轻、炒黄、炒焦到炒炭不同炮制火候其挥发性成分的动态变化规律,该实验采用不同炮制时间点取样的方法得到不同炮制火候白术样品,采用水蒸气蒸馏法测定各样品挥发油含量,采用静态顶空进样提取白术中挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和自动质谱退卷积定性系统(AMDIS)结合Kováts保留指数(retention index,RI)对挥发性成分进行分析。结果在麸炒过程中,随炮制程度加深麸炒白术挥发油含量呈4个阶段阶梯降低,白术挥发性成分在组成和含量上均有显著变化。研究结果表明白术在麸炒过程中挥发性成分的动态变化与炮制火候密切相关,且白术和蜜麸之间存在相互吸附作用,这可为阐明麸炒白术炮制机制提供科学依据。     

栀子的炮制工艺探讨

栀子为常用中药之一,其性寒、味苦,具有泻火除烦、清热利尿、凉血解毒的功能;用于热病烦闷、湿热黄疸、血热吐衄、疮疡肿毒、跌打损伤等症.栀子的炮制方法历代本草记载有多种,现代主要沿用生品、炒黄、炒焦、炒炭、姜汁炙等,其临床疗效不一.本文以文献报道栀子中降温、镇静有效成分熊果酸含量为指标,对栀子生品及不同炮制品进行了测定比较,旨在探讨栀子的炮制意义,寻求较合理的炮制工艺,为栀子的合理应用提供实验依据.     

江枳壳炮制品挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对江西产枳壳生品、清炒品、麸炒品、蜜麸炒品、蜜糠炒品挥发油成分进行定性定量分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从枳壳中提取挥发油建立GC-MS分析方法,鉴定不同炮制品挥发油成分,并用峰面积归一化法测定相对百分含有量。结果从江枳壳炮制品中共鉴定出181个化合物。与生品相比,麸炒枳壳产生新化合物38种、蜜糠枳壳有48种、蜜麸炒枳壳有77种。结论炮制辅料对枳壳部分挥发油成分产生了不同程度的升高和降低,还产生了新的化合物。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。