火炭母药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立火炭母药材的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为火炭母药材质量评价提供参考依据。方法:色谱柱:Platisil ODS C18(250mn×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱进行色谱分离;洗脱时间为60min,体积流量:1.0mL.min-1,检测波长:360nm。结果:确定17个共有色谱峰为特征峰构成火炭母药材HPLC指纹图谱,相似度评价结果表明,各产地火炭母药材相似度均在0.90以上。结论:所用方法准确可靠,所得指纹图谱共有模式可作为火炭母药材质量控制的依据。     

不同产地市售红花药材指纹图谱的建立

目的建立红花药材的高效液相(HPLC)特征指纹图谱分析方法 ,为评价和有效控制红花药材的质量提供借鉴。方法收集12批次不同产地的市售红花药材,进行HPLC梯度洗脱分离,采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004A版"软件处理数据,建立红花指纹图谱,并对不同产地红花药材指纹图谱的相似度进行比较分析。结果建立了红花药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标定了25个共有峰,且通过HPLC-MS指认了其中4个共有峰。对12批不同产地的红花药材指纹图谱进行了相似度评价,其相似度在0.679~0.985之间。结论所建立的指纹图谱可为红花药材的质量控制提供一定的依据,并为红花的体内药动学研究提供参考。     

山东地产药材桔梗的HPLC指纹图谱研究△

目的:采用RP-HPLC对桔梗指纹图谱进行方法学研究,建立桔梗药材HPLC指纹图谱.方法:采用梯度洗脱方法进行色谱分离,测定10批药材并记录指纹图谱,不同样品的相似度采用国家药典委员会制度的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件计算.结果:在选定的色谱条件下标定出16个峰为桔梗指纹图谱的共有峰.结论:该方法精密度高,重现性好,可为桔梗HPLC指纹图谱提供依据.     

红花药材的HPLC指纹图谱及质量研究

目的:建立红花药材的HPLC标准指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:用HPLC方法测定了46批市售红花药材,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统,建立红花的标准指纹图谱并计算了每批药材的相似度。结果:46批市售红花药材的HPLC指纹图谱主要有12个共有峰,其中10个共有峰得到确认,相似度在0.8以上占76%。结论:红花药材可通过与标准指纹图谱比较评价质量,本方法可用于红花药材质量评价。     

灯心草药材RP-HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立灯心草药材的RP-HPLC指纹图谱,探讨指纹图谱在灯心草质量评价方面的应用。方法:采用AgilentHC-C18为色谱柱,以甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm,在40 min内获得灯心草药材的HPLC指纹图谱。采用国家药典委员会的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统生成对照指纹图谱,并进行相似度分析,结果:11批灯心草药材的指纹图谱包含16个共有峰,其中灯心草的生物活性成分去氢厄弗酚吸收峰的峰面积百分比为45.14%～67.86%。11批药材的指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度均≥0.933。结论:市售灯心草药材的指纹图谱有很高的相似度,说明市售灯心草的化学成分有较高的均一性,HPLC指纹图谱可用于灯心草的质量评价。     

桃儿七HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立桃儿七的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,为该药材的鉴别及质量评价提供依据。方法采用Thermo Hy PURITY C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,柱温25℃,体积流量0.8 m L/min,检测波长290 nm,进样量10μL。采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"(2004 A)和SPSS 19.0统计软件中的聚类分析对指纹图谱进行相似度分析。结果建立桃儿七的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了17个共有峰,并指认了其中8个共有峰,经相似度评价,19批桃儿七药材指纹图谱与共有模式比较的相似度均在0.9以上,整体相似度较好,聚类结果与相似度评价结果基本一致。结论该研究建立的桃儿七HPLC指纹图谱可为该药材的鉴别及质量评价提供更全面的参考。     

茵陈的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立茵陈的HPLC指纹图谱,为茵陈的质量控制提供新方法.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,Kromasil ODS色谱柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为1%醋酸水-甲醇溶剂系统,线性梯度洗脱,检测波长326 nm,柱温30℃,进样量5 μL.以相似度和色谱指纹图谱指数鉴别药材质量,以指纹成分表观百分含量定量评价药材中各指纹成分含量高低.结果:建立了茵陈药材的HPLC指纹图谱,以绿原酸峰为参照物峰,确定了22个共有峰,测定了不同产地茵陈HPLC指纹图谱与共有模式间的相似度.结论:所建立的HPLC指纹图谱具有较好的精密度和重现性,适用于茵陈药材的质量控制.     

山东地产药材桔梗的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的：采用RP—HPLC对桔梗指纹图谱进行方法学研究,建立桔梗药材HPLC指纹图谱。方法：采用梯度洗脱方法进行色谱分离,测定10批药材并记录指纹图谱,不同样品的相似度采用国家药典委员会制度的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件计算。结果：在选定的色谱条件下标定出16个峰为桔梗指纹图谱的共有峰。结论：该方法精密度高,重现性好,可为桔梗HPLC指纹图谱提供依据。     

香薷水煎液HPLC指纹图谱

目的:为全面控制香薷药材的质量,建立香薷水煎液的HPLC指纹图谱,更为新加香薷饮成品颗粒剂的质量控制奠定基础。方法:测定10批不同产地香薷药材水煎液的HPLC指纹图谱,色谱条件为采用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水,梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,流速1 m L·min~(-1),检测波长269 nm。将10批指纹图谱导入"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"(2012.130723版),进行色谱峰匹配,以咖啡酸峰为参照峰,采用中位数法生成对照图谱,并对10批指纹图谱进行相似度评价。结果:建立了香薷药材水煎液的指纹图谱,标定出14个共有峰;对10批不同产地香薷药材水煎液的指纹图谱进行相似度评价,相似度均达到0.90以上;由共有峰的相对峰面积结果分析,不同产地香薷药材的质量存在较小差异。结论:该研究方法重复性好,可行性强,为香薷的全面质量评价奠定了基础,更为新加香薷饮质量标准的拟订提供了参考。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱与聚类分析对不同产地连翘质量评价

目的:构建连翘药材HPLC指纹图谱,结合聚类分析对连翘药材质量进行分析。方法:采用HPLC法对连翘药材进行分析,所获数据使用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统构建连翘药材的指纹图谱,并运用SPSS 22.0系统进行聚类分析,以共有色谱峰的峰面积为变量建立树状图。色谱柱为Wondasil C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),柱温为35℃;检测波长为235nm,流动相为甲醇-0.3%冰醋酸进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0m L/min。结果:连翘药材HPLC指纹图谱的19个峰确定为共有峰,指认出连翘苷、连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B及芦丁等4个共有峰,20批连翘药材的相似度为0.862~0.978。聚类分析结果表明,连翘药材从质量上可分为两大类,分类受地域影响较大。结论:以HPLC指纹图谱为基础结合聚类分析,可以快速、准确地评价不同产地连翘的质量。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。