鬼箭羽中的1个新西松烷型二萜

目的研究鬼箭羽(卫矛Euonymus alatus带栓翅的枝条)中的化学成分。方法采用多种柱色谱技术对鬼箭羽95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从鬼箭羽提取物中分离得到了3个化合物,分别鉴定为(1S,2S,7E,11R,12S)-2,11-dihydroxy-1,12-oxidocembra-4(18),7(8)-diene(1)、hemerocallal A(2)、桦木酸甲酯(3)。结论化合物1为新的西松烷型二萜,命名为鬼箭羽二萜A,化合物2和3为首次从鬼箭羽中分离得到。     

楹树叶的化学成分

目的:研究楹树叶的化学成分.方法:应用各种色谱技术分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从95%乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部位分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为:quercetin 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-rutinoside(1),kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),rutin(3),D-pinitol(4),luteolin 7-O-β-D.glucopyranoside(5),(+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(-)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-glucopyranoside(7),syringin(8).结论:化合物1,2,4,6～8为首次从该属植物中获得,化合物3和5为首次从该植物中获得.     

骆驼刺地上部分化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的:研究骆驼刺的化学成分,为进一步阐明其活性成分和开发利用提供科学依据。方法:采用反复硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS等柱色谱法进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱数据分析鉴定其化学结构。结果:从骆驼刺中分离鉴定了12个化合物,即异鼠李素(isorhamnetin,1),异鼠李素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(isorhamnetin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2),异鼠李素3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(isorhamnetin3-O-β-D-rutinoside,3),山柰酚(kaempferol,4),槲皮素(quercetin,5),芦丁(rutin,6),芒柄花苷(ononin,7),二十六烷醇(1-hexacosanol,8),二十七烷醇(1-heptacosanol,9),二十八烷醇(octacosanol,10),三十烷醇(1-triacontanol,11),三十烷酸甲酯(triacontanoic acid,methyl ester,12)。结论:化合物4、7~12为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2、5、6为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

卫矛抗心肌缺血有效部位的化学成分研究

目的 对卫矛Euonymus alatus抗心肌缺血有效部位的化学成分进行研究.方法 利用各种色谱法分离化学成分,通过理化性质和波谱法鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从卫矛中分离得到5个化合物,分别为1-[3-(α-D-吡哺葡萄糖氧基)-4,5-二羟基苯基]-乙酮(Ⅰ)、8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基苯乙醇(Ⅱ)、丁香酚苷(Ⅲ)、金丝桃苷(Ⅳ)、橙皮苷(Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为鬼箭羽苷(guijianyuside),化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ为首次从卫矛中分离得到.     

四川寄生的化学成分研究

从寄生于梨树的四川寄生Taxillus sutchuenenisis(Lecomte)Danser中分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为:槲皮素(quercetin,Ⅰ),槲皮素3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactoside,Ⅱ),异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin,Ⅲ),槲皮苷(quercitrin,Ⅳ),芦丁(rutin,Ⅴ),没食子酸(gallic acid,Ⅵ),阿魏酸(ferulic acid,Ⅶ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅷ),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,Ⅸ)。化合物Ⅲ~Ⅸ为首次从该植物中分得。     

西藏产异株荨麻化学成分的研究

目的:明确西藏林芝地区产异株荨麻(Urtica dioicaL.)的化学成分。方法:对异株荨麻进行了化学成分的研究,采用多种层析方法进行分离;采用光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果:从全草中分得10个化合物,利用光谱方法,鉴定了其中的9个化合物,为β-谷甾醇(1,β-sitosterol),阿魏酸(2,ferulic acid),正三十二烷(3,dotriacotane),芥酸(4,erucic acid),熊果酸(5,ursolic acid),山莨菪素(6,scopoletin),芦丁(7,rutin),槲皮素(8,quercetin),对羟基苯甲醇(9,P-hydroxylbenzalcohol)。结论:化合物3,4,9为首次从荨麻属植物中分离得到。     

锁阳全草化学成分的研究

目的对新疆产锁阳Cynomorium songaricum全草的化学成分进行提取分离鉴定。方法采用硅胶、大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel等色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过化学反应和光谱分析方法,如MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR及二维核磁共振谱等进行结构鉴定。结果从新疆产锁阳全草中提取分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为细梗香草内酯(capilliplactone,1)、芸香苷(rutin,2)、南酸枣苷(choerospondin,3)、熊果酸(ursolic acid,4)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,6)、香草酸(vanillic acid,7)、没食子酸(gallic acid,8)。结论化合物1和7均为首次从该植物中得到。     

棕榈花蕾化学成分研究

目的:研究棕榈花蕾的化学成分。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂色谱、硅胶色谱、凝胶渗透色谱等方法进行分离纯化,利用理化检验和波谱分析进行化合物结构鉴定。结果:从棕榈花蕾中分离了8个化合物,鉴定其中6个化合物的结构,分别为异香草酸(isovanillic acid,Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅱ)、薯蓣皂苷(dioscin,Ⅲ)、5-咖啡酰氧基莽草酸(5-O-caffeoylshikimicacid,Ⅳ)、咖啡酸(caffeic acid,Ⅴ)、芦丁(rutin,Ⅵ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ～Ⅵ为首次该植物中分离得到。Ⅰ,Ⅳ为首次从棕榈属植物中分离得到。     

鬼箭羽的化学成分研究

目的研究鬼箭羽Euonymus alatus的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、开放RP-C18柱色谱以及PTLC分离,经理化常数测定,结合1H-NMR、13C-NMR、EI-MS鉴定结构。结果从鬼箭羽95%乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取层中分得9个化合物,分别鉴定为表木栓醇(Ⅰ)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅱ)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅲ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅳ)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(Ⅴ)、2,4-二羟基-6-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(Ⅵ)、4-甲基-7-甲氧基异苯并呋喃酮(Ⅶ)、香草醛(Ⅷ)、正二十八烷醇(Ⅸ)。结论化合物Ⅶ为一新天然产物,化合物Ⅴ~Ⅷ首次从该属植物中得到。     

鬼箭羽化学成分的研究(Ⅲ)

目的研究鬼箭羽Euonymus alatus的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、大孔树脂、制备高效液相色谱仪等柱色谱及重结晶等方法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为3β-羟基-21αH-何帕-22(29)-烯-30-醇(1)2、α,3β-二羟基乌苏-12烯-28-酸(2)、1,30-三十烷二醇(3)、正辛烷(4)、正壬烷(5)、正二十四烷酸(6)、β-胡萝卜苷(7)、羽扇豆醇(8)、山柰酚(9)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(10)。结论化合物1~6为首次从该植物中得到,其中化合物1~5首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。