传统复方降压药对高血压患者空腹血糖的影响

目的观察复方利血平氨苯喋啶片(北京降压0号)和复方利血平片(复方降压片)对轻中度高血压患者降压疗效及其对空腹血糖的影响。方法将256例轻、中度高血压患者随机分成两组,其中北京降压0号组130例,复方降压片组126例,服药前后测量两组患者的血压、空腹血糖。结果与服药前比较,两组患者服药2年后收缩压和舒张压均显著下降,空腹血糖轻度升高(北京0号为0.27mmol/L,复方降压片为0.47mmol/L,P0.05)。服药2年后两组患者空腹血糖异常者由基线时的9.8%增至12.1%,北京降压0号组糖尿病发病率为5.4%,而复方降压片为7.9%(P0.05)。基线正常、治疗后空腹血糖异常的患者,其空腹血糖基线水平高于基线、治疗后均正常的患者。结论复方抗高血压制剂能够有效控制血压,但应警惕血糖的变化,尤其是基线水平高的患者。     

5种社区常用单片复方制剂降压药成本-效果分析

目的评价社区5287例高血压患者规范化管理中,5种常用单片复方制剂复方罗布麻片、复方降压片、复方地巴唑氢氯噻嗪、北京降压0号和复方利血平治疗1年的成本-效果。方法基于经济发展水平和地理位置,选择16个省250个社区卫生服务中心(站)和卫生院,利用基层高血压规范化管理方案对社区医务人员进行培训,由受培训的基层医务人员对高血压患者实施规范化管理1年。高血压患者的基线和随访资料采用统一设计的调查问卷收集。采用成本-效果分析法评价单片复方制剂治疗的经济效果。结果与其他3种复方制剂比较,复方罗布麻片(29.2元)和复方降压片(32.9元)的年人均成本较低;复方地巴唑氢氯噻嗪[(9.6±8.1)%,(8.6±8.0)%]和复方罗布麻片[(9.5±7.3)%,(8.5±8.8)%]的平均收缩压和舒张压下降率较大;复方地巴唑氢氯噻嗪(75.3%)和复方利血平(58.5%)的血压控制率较高。总体,复方罗布麻片和复方地巴唑氢氯噻嗪的成本-效果比较低。结论在社区单片复方制剂降压效果方面,复方罗布麻片和复方地巴唑氢氯噻嗪具有较好的成本-效果。     

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片治疗老年高血压患者有效性和安全性的全国多中心调查研究结果与分析

目的比较复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号)与其他降压药物治疗老年高血压患者的有效性和安全性。方法入选2018年8月至2018年12月期间就诊于天津、河南、安徽、山东、江苏、山西、四川、辽宁、北京、河北10个省市共26家社区卫生服务中心的老年高血压患者1 574例。根据是否服用0号(按年龄差≤5岁及性别1∶1进行配对),分为0号组和非0号组,每组787例。1 574例患者中,高龄(≥80岁)患者共186例,依据是否服用0号分为2个亚组:高龄0号组(n=102)和高龄非0号组(n=84)。对比2组患者所有临床资料及2个亚组患者的实验室指标及精神状态评分。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2组研究对象的高血压分级和诊室血压差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。0号组患者每天服用的降压药物片数显著少于非0号组患者[(1.33±0.63)和(1.41±0.63)片,P0.05],服用钙离子通道阻滞剂(16.39%和70.14%)、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(4.07%和11.82%)、血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(9.53%和34.18%)、β受体阻滞剂(4.32%和13.09%)及利尿剂(1.65%和6.86%)者也显著少于非0号组患者(P0.05)。在安全性方面,2组患者及2亚组高龄患者的白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、肝功能、肾功能、糖脂代谢、电解质水平以及抑郁焦虑评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对于老年高血压患者具有明确的降压效果,可减少每日服药片数,提高患者依从性,且安全性良好。     

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(降压0号)与吲达帕胺治疗原发性高血压患者的疗效和安全性——一项随机对照临床研究

目的比较复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(降压0号)与吲达帕胺治疗高危的轻中度原发性高血压患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、整群随机、活性药对照、前瞻性的临床研究,入选2003年1月至2005年12月,全国10个地区13家医院就诊的高血压患者,随访2年。观察降压0号(1片/d)与吲达帕胺(2.5mg/d)的疗效和安全性。结果入选不同区域高血压患者4062例,降压0号组2324例,吲达帕胺组1738例。治疗2年后,降压0号组和吲达帕胺组收缩压明显降低,但降压幅度比较,差异无统计学意义[(30.2±17.2)比(29.1±19.6)mm Hg,P=0.053];降压0号组的血压达标率(140/90mm Hg)高于吲达帕胺组(62.6%比56.6%,P0.05)。随访2年,降压0号组新发低血钾(1.8%比3.5%)、血肌酐增加(49.5%比61.1%)和尿酸增高(50.2%比57.2%)的比例低于吲达帕胺组(均P0.05);降压0号组药物相关或可能相关不良事件发生率低于吲达帕胺组(2.45%比3.22%,P=0.046)。两组的心脑血管事件发生率分别为0.38%和0.46%。结论降压0号和吲达帕胺治疗高危的轻中度高血压患者安全有效,适宜在基层长期应用,降压0号有更低的低血钾风险。     

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片治疗原发性高血压的临床分析

目的观察复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片对原发性高血压治疗效果。方法选择我院收治原发性高血压患者192例,随机分为治疗组128例,对照组64例。治疗组给予复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片1片早晨口服,1次/d,7d为1个观察周期,4周为1个疗程。对照组给予复方利血平片1～2片口服,3次/d,7d为1个观察周期,4周为1个疗程。观察两组患者治疗后的疗效及不良反应。结果治疗组4周末显效68效,有效44例,无效16例,总有效率87.50%。对照组4周末显效24例,有效20例,无效20例,总有效率68.75%,两组患者临床疗效间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组有12例（9.38%）上腹不适,8例乏力（6.25%）,均能忍受。两组治疗前后血常规、尿常规、肝、肾功能、血脂、血糖检查等无明显变化。结论在农村社区高血压管理中,复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片可作为抗1～2级高血压药物,值得推广一试。     

尼群地平,复方降压片对184例高血压的疗效观察

尼群地平是新型钙通道阻滞剂,它抑制细胞外钙离子穿透细胞膜进入细胞浆,从而直接扩张阻力血管降低皿压。复降片是含有利血平、双胼酞嗪、双氢氯噻嗪等药物的复方降压药物。随机将184例原发性高血压病患者分为尼群地平组62例(下称甲组),复降片组61例(下称乙组),尼群地平加复降片组61例(下称丙组)。     

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号(R))临床应用中国专家共识2021版

复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号(R)),曾用名北京降压0号,是一种固定剂量单片复方降压药.该药由吴英恺院士、华罗庚院士和洪昭光教授按系统工程论、运筹学和整体医学观点,在几十个配方中选择了疗效最佳、安全性最高的0号配方,已在临床广泛应用40余年. 近年,美国、欧洲、加拿大、中国、日本和国际高血压学会(International Society of Hypertension,ISH)相继发布最新高血压管理指南,在各类指南中单片复方制剂(single-pill combination,SPC)或称固定剂量复方制剂(fixed-dose combination,FDC)的地位不断上升[1-2],中国高血压合理用药指南新增复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号(R))用于部分难治性高血压等[3],为高血压防治工作提供最新参考.随着复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号(R))在临床疗效和安全性方面的不断深入研究,其不增加抑郁风险及用药安全的循证得以补充;最新的临床研究进一步明确复方利血平氨苯蝶啶片(0号(R))在安全降压的同时,相比其他降压药,可显著减少每日服用片数,提高患者依从性.     

坎地沙坦加氢氯噻嗪对轻中度高血压的疗效和安全性

目的 评价坎地沙坦加氢氯噻嗪(复方坎地沙坦酯片)对原发性高血压的降压疗效和安全性.方法 对原发性高血压患者经过2周清洗期后,进入坎地沙坦酯片8 mg单药治疗期,对4周后血压未达标者(达标血压为＜140/90 mm Hg),以随机、双盲双模拟、平行对照、多中心试验方法 ,分别服复方坎地沙坦酯片(坎地沙坦酯16.0mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg)或坎地沙坦酯片16 mg单药治疗8周.结果 经过2周清洗期,共有392例进入单药治疗期,坎地沙坦酯8 mg单药治疗(n=353)2周后,血压下降值(10.2±0.6)/(6.5±5.7)mm Hg;4周的下降值为(10.8±10.9)/(6.6±6.1)mm Hg,4周血压达标率为15.3%(54/353例),组内比较,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01).在以后8周随机双盲对照期,复方坎地沙坦酯组(134例)与坎地沙坦酯单药组(142例)4周时的血压分别下降为(9.3±11.7)/(8.7±6.2)和(5.4±10.8)/(5.4±6.1)mm Hg;8周时为(11.1±11.2)/(10.7±6.6)和(7.8±11.1)/(7.8±6.3)mm Hg(组内及组间比较P＜0.01).随机期4周时联合治疗组血压达标率分别为64.9%(87/134),单药组为39.4%(56/142),8周时分别为79.9%(107/134)和51.4%(73/142)(组间比较P＜0.01).不良反应事件,在单药治疗期为6.2%(22/353),复方坎地沙坦组为2.9%(4/134),坎地沙坦酯组2.8%(4/142),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 复方坎地沙坦酯片较之单用坎地沙坦对原发性高血压患者有较好的降压效果和耐受性.     

非杓型高血压病的时间治疗学探讨

该文观察不同给药时间对非杓型高血压病患者血压昼夜节律的影响及其对靶器官的保护作用。方法：选择124例经24h动态血压监测（ABPM）血压状态属非杓型的轻至中度原发性高血压患者，随机分为清晨服药和午后服药两组。两组均选用复方利血平氨苯喋啶片（北京降压0号），     

北京降压0号对左室肥厚的逆转作用

目的 观察北京降压0号降压疗效及其对原发性高血压(EH)伴左室肥厚(LVH)的逆转作用.方法 51例患者口服北京降压0号1～2片,1次/d,治疗18月,用动态血压仪记录北京降压0号治疗EH患者的降压效果,用超声心动图测量LVH患者的左心肥厚的改善情况.结果 北京降压0号可使24 h血压平稳下降且左室质量指数较治疗前减低(P＜0.01).结论 北京降压0号能有效地控制血压的升高,对EH的LVH有逆转作用.     

Molecular dynamics reveal BCR-ABL1 polymutants as a unique mechanism of resistance to PAN-BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitor therapy

The acquisition of mutations within the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain is frequently associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sensitive sequencing techniques have revealed a high prevalence of compound BCR-ABL1 mutations (polymutants) in patients failing TKI therapy. To investigate the molecular consequences of such complex mutant proteins with regards to TKI resistance, we determined by cloning techniques the presence of polymutants in a cohort of chronic-phase patients receiving imatinib followed by dasatinib therapy. The analysis revealed a high frequency of polymutant BCR-ABL1 alleles even after failure of frontline imatinib, and also the progressive exhaustion of the pool of unmutated BCR-ABL1 alleles over the course of sequential TKI therapy. Molecular dynamics analyses of the most frequent polymutants in complex with TKIs revealed the basis of TKI resistance. Modeling of BCR-ABL1 in complex with the potent pan-BCR-ABL1 TKI ponatinib highlighted potentially effective therapeutic strategies for patients carrying these recalcitrant and complex BCR-ABL1 mutant proteins while unveiling unique mechanisms of escape to ponatinib therapy.The BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate is highly effective in chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) (1), being associated with complete cytogenetic (CCyR) and major molecular response rates of 83% and 86%, and progression-free and overall survival rates of 92% and 85%, respectively (2). However, after 8 y of follow-up, 45% of the patients failed imatinib therapy (2), frequently due to the acquisition of mutations within the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 (3–9). More than 100 distinct BCR-ABL1 point mutations have been reported in patients (4, 9–15), and many others have been generated in vitro by random mutagenesis of BCR-ABL1 (13, 16). Most patients exhibiting imatinib resistance receive a second-generation TKI, such as nilotinib or dasatinib (17, 18), which inhibit most clinically relevant BCR-ABL1 mutations, except for T315I (19, 20). Sequential TKI therapy has been associated with the acquisition of more than one mutation in the same BCR-ABL1 protein (i.e., compound mutant or polymutant) (21–23). In transformation assays, the accumulation of more than one mutation within the same allele has been associated with increased oncogenic potential compared with each individual mutation (21). As such, the emergence of polymutants might represent a powerful mechanism of resistance, perhaps as deleterious as that of developing single point mutations at gatekeeper residues (e.g., T315I). Inadequate selection of subsequent TKI therapy may result in a recrudescence of this phenomenon via selection pressure of complex polymutants highly resistant to available TKIs. We sought to investigate the structural, thermodynamic, and biochemical impact of polymutant BCR-ABL1 proteins detected in patients with CML on TKI binding and activity. As multiple additional genetic lesions other than BCR-ABL1 mutations may contribute to TKI resistance in patients with accelerated or blast phase, we intentionally limited our study to patients with CML-CP, in whom response or resistance to TKI therapy is largely determined by BCR-ABL1 mutational status. Molecular dynamics analyses of the most frequently detected polymutants were validated by biochemical assays, which demonstrated profound resistance to imatinib and dasatinib. In silico modeling of polymutant BCR-ABL1 kinases in complex with ponatinib (24–26) further revealed that the presence of polymutant BCR-ABL1 proteins might represent a critical mechanism of escape of CML cells against this pan-BCR-ABL1 inhibitor.     

Biology-oriented synthesis of a natural-product inspired oxepane collection yields a small-molecule activator of the Wnt-pathway

In Biology Oriented Synthesis the scaffolds of biologically relevant compound classes inspire the synthesis of focused compound collections enriched in bioactivity. This criterion is met by the structurally complex scaffolds of natural products (NPs) selected in evolution. The synthesis of NP-inspired compound collections approaching the complexity of NPs calls for the development of efficient synthetic methods. We have developed a one pot 4-7 step synthesis of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic oxepanes that resemble the core scaffolds of numerous NPs with diverse bioactivities. This sequence entails a ring-closing ene-yne metathesis reaction as key step and makes productive use of polymer-immobilized scavenger reagents. Biological profiling of a corresponding focused compound collection in a reporter gene assay monitoring for Wnt-signaling modulation revealed active Wntepanes. This unique class of small-molecule activators of the Wnt pathway modulates the van-Gogh-like receptor proteins (Vangl), which were previously identified in noncanonical Wnt signaling, and acts in synergy with the canonical activator protein (Wnt-3a).     

Water-Soluble Copper Ink for the Inkjet Fabrication of Flexible Electronic Components

The aim of this work is preparation and investigation of copper conductive paths by printing with a different type of functional ink. The solutions based on copper-containing complex compounds were used as inks instead of dispersions of metal nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of synthesized precursors were studied by thermogravimetry in an argon atmosphere. Based on the comparison of decomposition temperature, the dimethylamine complex of copper formate was found to be more suitable precursor for the formation of copper layers. Structure and performance of this compound was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction, test of wettability, printing on flexible substrate, and electrical measurements.     

阿苯达唑和复方甲苯咪唑控制蛲虫感染效果观察

应用阿苯达唑和复方甲苯咪唑对兖州市2所幼儿园进行驱虫实验,儿童易于接受,驱虫效果良好。     

早期应用复合乳酸菌预防呼吸机相关肺炎的临床疗效及对炎症因子的影响研究

目的探讨早期应用复合乳酸菌预防呼吸机相关肺炎的临床疗效及对炎症因子的影响。方法连续性纳入2014年1月至12月ICU住院治疗的300例重症患者,随机平均分为益生菌组和对照组。比较两组患者VAP发生率、病死率、临床治疗效果以及ICU住院时间等临床指标。同时分析比较降钙素原以及超敏C反应蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子α水平改变。结果益生菌组患者VAP发生率明显低于对照组(26%vs48%)(P0.05),并且益生菌组患者出现VAP的时间明显晚于对照组(P0.05),平均ICU住院时间方面,益生菌组也明显优于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗早期(治疗后第4天)益生菌组炎症因子水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论机械通气患者早期使用复合乳酸杆菌制剂可以有效预防VAP的发生。     

The filled skutterudite CeOs4As12: A hybridization gap semiconductor

X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetization, specific heat, and thermoelectric power measurements are presented for single crystals of the new filled skutterudite compound CeOs₄As₁₂, which reveal phenomena that are associated with f-electron-conduction electron hybridization. Valence fluctuations or Kondo behavior dominates the physics down to T ~ 135 K. The correlated electron behavior is manifested at low temperatures as a hybridization gap-insulating state. The small energy gap Δ₁/k_B ~ 73 K, taken from fits to electrical resistivity data, correlates with the evolution of a weakly magnetic or nonmagnetic ground state, which is evident in the magnetization data below a coherence temperature T_coh ~ 45 K. Additionally, the low-temperature electronic specific heat coefficient is small, γ ~ 19 mJ/mol K². Some results for the nonmagnetic analogue compound LaOs₄As₁₂ are also presented for comparison purposes.     

肝Zhen口服液对大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡的细胞

目的 观察肝Zhen口服液对二乙基亚硝胺诱导的大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡的影响,并且与乙氧三甲基喹啉和全反式维甲酸进行比较。方法 将大鼠随机分成5组,A组为肝Zhen口服液大剂量预防组、B组为肝Zhen口服液成人等剂量预防组、C组为全反式维甲酸预防组、D组为乙氧三甲基喹啉预防组、E组为病理对照组。第14周末处死大鼠取肝脏,细胞调亡采用透射电镜、末端转移酶标记技术（TUNEL）检测。结果 A组、B组和D组可见凋亡小体。TUNEL染色分级：凋亡细胞数A组、B组、D组与E组相比显著增多（P＜0．05）,C组与E组相比无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 肝Zhen口服液可诱导大鼠肝癌细胞的调亡。     

Crossover from metal to insulator in dense lithium-rich compound CLi4

At room environment, all materials can be classified as insulators or metals or in-between semiconductors, by judging whether they are capable of conducting the flow of electrons. One can expect an insulator to convert into a metal and to remain in this state upon further compression, i.e., pressure-induced metallization. Some exceptions were reported recently in elementary metals such as all of the alkali metals and heavy alkaline earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba). Here we show that a compound of CLi₄ becomes progressively less conductive and eventually insulating upon compression based on ab initio density-functional theory calculations. An unusual path with pressure is found for the phase transition from metal to semimetal, to semiconductor, and eventually to insulator. The Fermi surface filling parameter is used to describe such an antimetallization process.Similar to the same first group element, hydrogen, lithium with a single valence electron is a good conductor of heat and metal at ambient conditions. It can transform from a nearly free-electron metallic solid to an insulating one, i.e., pressure-induced antimetallization (1–4). As a contrasting counterpart, lithium often provides a meaningful referential aspect for understanding hydrogen at high pressures (5). Hydrogen-rich materials of group-IV hydrides (6–10) are believed to be good candidates for the realization of metallization and even superconductivity at modest pressures much lower than that required for pure hydrogen due to “chemical precompression.” Whether group-IV lithium compounds hold similar expected outstanding properties to those of their same group hydrides becomes an interesting topic.On the other hand, high-pressure studies delivered a completely unexpected antimetallization behavior for alkali metals such as Li (1, 3, 4) and Na (11). Charge transition from 2s to 2p of Li or Na itself was proposed to account for such a behavior. Being restricted to the pure elements in these cases, some underlying properties are covered. The multielement cases are needed to understand the feature of antimetallization from a different perspective at the fundamental level. For this purpose, the compounds of C_mLi_n are considered to be good examples for the understanding of the nature of physics (12–14). Examining their high-pressure behavior and exploring the possible metallization and superconductivity in this system are the focus of this work.We have explored the crystal structures of lithium-rich compounds CLi_n in a wide pressure range from ambient pressure to 300 GPa. Fig. 1 shows the enthalpy-pressure curves of CLi₄ and the possible decomposition to the elements and compounds. The other possible lithium-rich carbides CLi_n (n = 2 ∼ 6) and their stabilities can be found in SI Appendix, Fig. S1. Obviously, the compound of CLi₄ is stable at least above 3 GPa and below 300 GPa. Before about 3 GPa, CLi₄ is unstable and decomposes into a C₂Li₂ and Li mixture. After about 3 GPa, CLi₄ compounds become stable energetically over the decomposition enthalpy lines, and several different structures with a space group of P1 emerge with very close enthalpies. Fig. 2A exhibits the P1 cell with the lowest enthalpy. The other triclinic phase of P−1 phase becomes stable above 7 GPa, which is obviously energetically favored over the others until the pressure close to 18 GPa. Subsequently, two monoclinic crystals of P2₁ and C2/m appear in order, and the transformation occurs at 40 GPa. At 60 GPa, a high-symmetry phase of R−3m appears and is stable until 128 GPa. Fig. 2E shows the structure with a hexagonal crystal lattice. There are three unequivalent atoms, including two Li atoms and one C atom occupying the crystallographic 6c and 3b positions with 3m and −3m site symmetry, respectively. Here, a pressure-induced symmetrization processes until 128 GPa is demonstrated from the low-symmetry phases to the high-symmetry one. After 128 GPa, another high-symmetry phase of Fddd appears with 32 symmetry operators, which is slightly less than the 36 operators of R−3m. The orthorhombic phase consists of two unequivalent atoms in the conventional cell, as shown in Fig. 2F. The Li atom occupies the crystallographic 32h position with the site symmetry of 1, and the C atom locates at the 8a site with the site symmetry of 222, respectively. Obviously, the six phases, i.e., P1, P−1, P2₁, C2/m, R−3m, and Fddd, are the most favored structures of CLi₄ compounds under pressure. The favored structures obtained in this work are shown in Fig. 2, and the corresponding parameters at respective pressures are listed in SI Appendix, Table S1.Open in a separate windowFig. 1.Calculated enthalpy difference vs. pressure for various structures. Shown are enthalpies per CLi₄ unit of structures as functions of pressure with respect to the decomposition (C + 4Li and (C₂Li₂)/2 + 3Li) enthalpies (royal blue and magenta lines, respectively), which are calculated by adopting the C, Li, and C₂Li₂ structures summarized in SI Appendix, Table S1 at corresponding pressures. Insets A and B represent enthalpy difference curves with respect to the C2/m phase in the selected pressure ranges.Open in a separate windowFig. 2.The structures of CLi₄ under high pressures. (A) The P1 phase at 5 GPa; (B) the P−1 phase at 15 GPa; (C) the P2₁ phase at 30 GPa; (D) the C2/m phase at 40 GPa; (E) the R−3m phase at 60 GPa; (F) the Fddd phase at 150 GPa. Black and blue atoms are C and Li, respectively.The mechanical stability provides a useful understanding for the structure of crystals. The strain energy of a crystal must be positive against any homogeneous elastic deformations; i.e., the matrix of elastic constants C_ij must be positive definite (15). The elastic constants have been calculated and are listed in SI Appendix, Table S2. Obviously, the elastic constants of the structures satisfy the mechanical stability criteria (15, 16), indicating that the six structures are mechanically stable. The charts of phonon band structure and the phonon density of states for the proposed structures calculated at selected pressures are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S2. The absence of the imaginary frequency modes indicates that these structures are stable dynamically. A direct result from the phonon density of states of these structures shows that the lighter Li atoms contribute more in frequency vibrational modes than the heavier C atoms.It has been established that the standard ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) calculation usually gives an incorrect estimate of the fundamental energy band gap of materials (17). Contrary to the standard ab initio DFT calculations, ab initio DFT with the one-particle Green’s function and the screened Coulomb interaction (GW) approximation shows good improvement in predicting the energy band gap. To obtain a reliable energy band structure of candidates, we have performed electronic band structure calculations at the level of the ab initio GW method. Comparing the up side of the 3D Fermi surface of R−3m in Fig. 3 with the one in SI Appendix, Fig. S3, we can clearly find the difference between ab initio DFT calculation and the ab initio GW method. To investigate the degree of metallization quantitatively in metal CLi₄ under pressure, we define the Fermi surface filling parameter (FSFP) ζ=(1/N)∑knδ(εkn−εF)∝N(0)/CεF. Obviously, this parameter can be deduced from the nesting function ξ (Q) (5). Here, N(0) is the electron density of states at the Fermi level, and CεF accounts for the intersection point between envelope and Fermi line in the chart of electron density of states of metal. This parameter can be used to describe the free electrons ratio in metal. Obviously, ζ is the maximum value of ξ (Q) at the Γ point. This means that it can serve as a good measure of the degree of metallization.Open in a separate windowFig. 3.Evolution of antimetallization properties and superconductivity with pressure. The evolution from metal to insulator is described quantitatively with FSFP (before 70 GPa; Left, olive green dashed line) and the electron energy band gap is shown (after 70 GPa; Right, olive green and purple solid lines), using ab initio GW calculations. The superconducting transition temperature T_c as a function of pressure is depicted with a pink dashed line (Left). The 3D Fermi surfaces are shown as the up side calculated by the GW method for the corresponding phases at selected pressures. The various background colors represent the pressure ranges of stable phases.A remarkable property of CLi₄ is the existence of phase transitions from metal to insulator with increasing pressure. At the lower pressure range below 70 GPa, P1, P−1, P2₁, C2/m, and R−3m phases are all metallic, and the degree of metallization declines gradually with increasing pressure except a slight pressure-induced metallization from phase P−1 to P2₁, as described by FSFP ζ in Fig. 3, Left. At about 70 GPa, the metallic character of R−3m CLi₄ disappears, and the nonmetallic character of the energy band gap appears. Above 70 GPa, the energy band gap of R−3m phase gradually grows until reaching a value of 2.43 eV at 128 GPa with GW corrections, as shown in Fig. 3, Right. The R−3m CLi₄ is a transitional phase from a metallic property to a nonmetallic one. After 128 GPa, the insulated Fddd phase appears with a band gap of 3.26 eV at 128 GPa. With further increasing pressure, the band gap has a slight elevation until 300 GPa. The loss of metallization and increase of nonmetallic character in the compressed lithium-rich compound CLi₄ system can be reflected quantitatively by the FSFP ζ and electron energy band gaps.Subsequently, calculations about electronic structures have been performed to reveal the emergence of antimetallization in the dense lithium-rich compound CLi₄. Hybridizations of valence electrons have been discovered under pressure, shown in the partial density of states in Fig. 4 A and B, Left. At a lower pressure range, the interaction between valence electrons and ionic cores is weak, and the nonlocal electrons near Fermi energy account for the metallic property, as displayed in Fig. 4A, Center and Right. From 3D and 2D electron localization function (ELF) shown in Fig. 4A, we can see that the conductivity comes from connected regions where the value of ELF is about 0.5. But at higher pressures, volume contraction in the crystal lattice increasingly shortens interatomic distances, and hybrid electrons are repulsed by the core electrons into the lattice interstices, as shown in Fig. 4B, Center and Right. Eventually, the nearly free electrons with the ELF value of 0.5 become totally localized and are confined to disconnected areas in interstitial positions of atoms as demonstrated by the 3D ELF and 2D ELF in Fig. 4B.Open in a separate windowFig. 4.Electronic structures of the CLi₄ phases at selected pressures. Blue and black atoms represent Li and C, respectively. (A) P2₁ phase at 30 GPa. A, Upper Left and Lower Left are the partial density of states (PDOS) and integrated PDOS of elements Li and C. A, Center shows a 3D electron localization function (3D ELF) map with the ELF value of 0.5, and A, Right is the corresponding 2D electron localization function (2D ELF) slice along the (001) plane. (B) Fddd phase at 150 GPa. B, Upper Left and Lower Left shows PDOS and integrated PDOS of elements Li and C. B, Center represents 3D ELF with the ELF value of 0.5, and B, Right depicts corresponding 2D ELF for the (010) plane.The emergence of insulating CLi₄ can be understood in the framework of localized Wannier functions (WFs) and group theory described very recently (18). In the insulating Fddd phase, the valence band consisting of six branches splits off from the rest of the band structure in the vicinity of the band gap. The calculated wave functions corresponding to those from Γ4− to Γ3+ levels at Γ points can be found in the band structure in SI Appendix, Fig. S4. In the conventional cell, the centers of valence electronic charge coincide with three unoccupied Wyckoff positions, i.e., 16e (0.5795, 0.5000, 0.5000), 16f (0.5000, 0.6616, 0.5000), and 16g (0.5000, 0.5000, 0.4500), demonstrating that the valence band can be described by three sets of localized WFs centered exactly on those positions unoccupied by atoms. At high isosurfaces of 0.18, the bottom and top valence band wave functions Γ4− and Γ3+ represent a bonding combination of p-like orbitals centered on all of the C atoms. The p (Li-2p, C-2p) character of this band can also be found in other k regions of the Brillouin zone. The top valence band is mainly of p-p hybrids (∼97%), and a small component of s (Li-2s, C-2s) character (∼3%) can also be found in particular regions of reciprocal space. SI Appendix, Fig. S4 demonstrates the contribution from Li-2p along the high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. Our calculations show that the WF’s center is not at midpoints of the lines joining neighboring Li atoms and reflects multicenter chemical bonding in the insulating state. Therefore, the insulating phase exhibits a multicenter p-p bonding property. These results reveal that the opening band gap is mainly due to strong p-p hybridization, which is controlled by symmetry principles. A similar situation takes place in the insulating phase of R−3m.Lithium is well known for its ability to form heterogeneous clusters with various elements. Since the experimental discovery and theoretical verification of “hyperlithiated” bonding, which involves formal violations of the octet rule in doped Li clusters (19), there have been many theoretical and experimental investigations with the purpose of insight into the specific structural and electronic properties of these systems. Such systems include CLi_n (20, 21), etc. CLi₆ was first predicted (20) and later verified experimentally (21) to be stable with respect to dissociation into the stoichiometric CLi₄ and Li₂ molecules. To enhance the H₂ binding and attain high storage capacity, some nanostructures have been functionalized with polylithiated molecules, e.g., CLi₄ for hydrogen storage. The stabilities of the designed functional materials for H₂ storage have been verified by means of molecular dynamics simulations (22).Next we examine whether the predicted phases of this compound could be superconducting within the framework of BCS theory. The results are shown in Fig. 3, Left. The electron–phonon coupling parameter (EPC λ), the logarithmic average phonon frequency (ω_log), and the Eliashberg phonon spectral function [α²F(ω)] are calculated at high pressures. The resulting EPC λ for P1, P−1, P2₁, C2/m, and R−3m phases at 5 GPa, 15 GPa, 30 GPa, 40 GPa, 50 GPa, and 60 GPa are 0.533, 0.398, 0.425, 0.364, 0.276, and 0.212, respectively, indicating that the EPC is very weak. The superconducting transition temperature T_c can be estimated from the Allen–Dynes modified McMillan equation (23) Tc=ωlog1.2exp[1.04(1+λ)λ−μ *(1−0.62λ)], which has been found to be highly accurate for many materials with λ < 1.5. The ω_log values can be calculated directly from the phonon spectra. The metallic phases mentioned above have ω_log of 305.75 K, 416.16 K, 400.64 K, 405.86 K, 484.95 K, and 560.85 K at selected pressures, respectively. The Coulomb pseudopotential µ* is often taken as 0.1 for most metals. Using µ* of 0.1, the estimated T_cs are 4.725 K, 1.691 K, 2.344 K, 0.949 K, 0.094 K, and 0.001 K, respectively, revealing a similar variation tendency with antimetallization with pressure.The dense lithium-rich compound CLi₄ shows completely opposite behavior compared with the counterpart of group-IV hydrides under pressure, metallization in hydrides and antimetallization in CLi₄, respectively. Pressure-induced antimetallization reported here is expected in not only pure elements but also multiple compounds, such as some alkali metal compounds. The binary compound researched here enriches the studies of antimetallization just like in the pure elemental system, and the fundamental nature of matter in the subject has been expanded. During metallizing or antimetallizing in metallic states, the Fermi surface filling parameter is found to be a valuable parameter to quantify the evolution of the free electrons.     

复方汉防己冲剂治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效观察

目的观察复方汉防己冲剂治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效。方法应用复方汉防己冲剂治疗58例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者3个月,与对照组28例进行比较治疗前后肝、肾功能、血清HA、PⅢP、HBVDNA和肝组织病理学检查情况。结果治疗组ALT由79.2±36.9U/L降至32.8±6.9U/L(P0.01);TSB由54.0±17.9μmol/L降至16.5±4.1μmol/L(P0.5);ALB由28.1±5.5g/L升至34.2±6.0g/L(P0.05);HDVDNA由7.6±1.0lgcopies/ml下降为7.4±1.3lgcopies/ml(P0.05),血清HA由584.9±169.7nmol/L降至398.2±134.6nmol/L(P0.01);血清PⅢP含量由29.3±9.2nmol/L降至7.9±3.8nmol/L(P0.01);肝组织纤维化程度也明显减轻。结论复方汉防己冲剂治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者有很好的消炎降酶和抗肝纤维化作用。     

牛磺酸镁对抗哇巴因诱发心律失常的实验研究

目的　观察新型配合物牛磺酸镁 (TMC)的整体抗心律失常作用。方法　对豚鼠颈静脉分别缓慢推注剂量为10 m g· kg- 1 、2 0 mg· kg- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 的 TMC,5 min后以 7.5 μg· 0 .2 5 ml· m in- 1 速度持续滴注 0 .0 0 3%哇巴因 ,观察不同剂量 TMC对哇巴因诱发的室性早博、室性心动过速、心室颤动和死亡时间以及相应的哇巴因累积用量的影响 ,并与 3mg· kg- 1 利多卡因进行比较。结果　 TMC 2 0 mg· kg- 1 可减慢正常豚鼠心率 ,其作用与 3m g·kg- 1 利多卡因相当。 2 0 m g· kg- 1 、4 0 mg· kg- 1 的 TMC和 3mg· kg- 1 利多卡因可推迟哇巴因诱发的豚鼠室性心律失常的发生时间和延长哇巴因致死时间 ,哇巴因累积用量增加 ,以 2 0 mg· kg- 1 组作用最为显著。结论　 TMC具有防治哇巴因诱发心律失常的作用。