鼠疫菌通过植物后某些生物学特性的变异

对鼠疫弱毒株０６１及用该株菌接种大豆后不同时期从大豆根中分离的６１－２、６１－３株的某些生物学特性进行比较研究。发现鼠疫菌通过植物后其菌落形态由Ｒ型转变为Ｓ型，但对小白鼠的毒力随在植物体存留时间的延长而增强。未发现原株和植物分离株生化特性变异。     

犬接种鼠疫菌后的血清鼠疫F1抗体及IgM动态

目的通过覌测犬接种鼠疫菌后鼠疫F1抗体及其IgM动态,推算发生动物鼠疫流行的时间和地点。方法应用ELISA夹心法检测犬鼠疫F1抗体,捕获法检测IgM,两种方法同步检测接种鼠疫菌EVparis株活菌的犬血清。结果犬接种鼠疫菌后第5d,抗鼠疫F1抗体和IgM都出现了阳性反应,IgM显色和滴度第7～9d达到高峰,第15～22d开始快速下降,第46d以后降到阳性标准以下;F1抗体在接种鼠疫菌后第38d显色和滴度达到高峰,第78d仍保持在OD450nm2.700以上和滴度1∶210左右。结论根据ELISA检测犬鼠疫F1抗体和IgM的结果,可推算动物间鼠疫流行的时间和范围,为及时实施防控措施提供参考资料。     

YopB：鉴定鼠疫菌的工具

耶尔森菌属中可感染人类的细菌包括鼠疫菌、小肠结肠炎菌和假结核菌。鼠疫菌是导致鼠疫的原因,通过跳蚤传播。本研究旨在制定一个鼠疫菌特异的针对yopB基因的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检验方法,且对鼠疫菌检测或分型均特异的免疫测定实验方法。用于本实验的菌株是来自1994年鼠疫爆发地区和德干高原鼠疫监测区的病人和啮齿动物样本。通过培养物的碱裂解法获取质粒DNA。用DNASIS软件,用全部的70kb／低钙反应位点质粒序列来设计鼠疫菌特异yopB基因的引物。     

广东省鼠疫静息期3种耶尔森氏菌鼠疫PCR检测

目的应用PCR试验对广东省3种耶尔森氏菌进行鼠疫的特异性基因检测。方法应用含内部对照PCR技术,以鼠疫菌特异基因fra、pla的2对引物进行PCR实验。结果假结核菌1株、11株小肠结肠炎菌O∶3、5株O∶9、1株中间型,结果全为阴性。结论该试验菌没有鼠疫菌的特异性基因fra、pla,可以进一步说明从1973～1986年雷州半岛用鼠疫IHA、RIHA从鼠类检出的阳性材料是特异的。     

鼠疫菌EV76对达乌尔黄鼠体内微量元素含量的影响

微量元素与疾病的关系已引起越来越多科学工作者的兴趣。近年来,不少学者研究了鼠疫菌的生长、繁殖、毒性与某些元素的关系,然而涉及到黄鼠本身的尚未见报道。我们对用鼠疫菌EV76免疫后黄鼠体内微量元素的变化规律进行探讨,试找出某些元素在鼠疫动物病发生过程中的作用。     

酶免疫染色技术快速检测鼠疫耶尔森菌

目的研究酶免疫染色技术检测鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)的敏感性及特异性,建立鼠疫免疫快速检测技术。方法用酶免疫染色技术对细菌标本和动物标本检测鼠疫菌,动物标本同时用细菌学、RIHA、RGICA和ELISA法平行检测鼠疫菌。结果细菌标本酶免疫染色法检测结果与实际相符,酶免疫染色技术检测鼠疫菌的灵敏性为1 000个/ml;动物标本酶免疫染色法检测鼠疫菌结果和细菌学、RIHA、RGICA和ELISA一致。结论酶免疫染色技术检测鼠疫菌敏感、特异、简便、快速,可用于鼠疫检测工作。     

分子生物学方法鉴定四川省德格县鼠疫菌株

目的对四川省德格县更庆乡上压巴地区从自毙喜马拉雅旱獭体内分离到2株疑似鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(以下简称鼠疫菌)进行实验室诊断及鉴定。方法采用PCR技术,检测鼠疫菌特异基因,并进行基因分型。结果鉴定的2株菌具有鼠疫菌的特异标识序列3a和鼠疫菌的质粒基因Pla、calf、LcrG;DFR谱中均缺失DFR1、DFR2、DFR13、DFR23。结论本次鉴定的2株菌均为喜马拉雅旱獭型鼠疫杆菌。     

鼠疫耶尔森氏菌快速检测研究进展

目的论述一套对鼠疫耶尔森氏菌特异性强、快速、灵敏度高的快速检测方法,对鼠疫做到早发现、早预防、早诊断、早治疗,预防和控制鼠疫的发生和流行。方法查阅和收集国内外相关鼠疫耶尔森氏菌快速检测的文献和资料。结果鼠疫耶尔森氏菌检测技术向着快速、敏感、特异的标准化和国际化方向发展,其检测技术更加先进、齐全、完备。结论鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的检测技术从细菌学、血清学及分子生物学等正向更快速、更先进的方向发展,这对鼠疫防治将发挥重要作用。     

鼠疫F1McAb酶免疫染色法快速检验鼠疫菌

为缩短检验鼠疫菌的时间 ,建立了酶免疫染色法检验鼠疫菌的方法 ,被检涂片标本用含过氧化物酶底物的固定液 ,固定标本同时 ,内源性过氧化物酶被消耗 ,辣根过氧化物酶标记鼠疫 F1单克隆抗体和鼠疫菌菌体表面的特异性 F1抗原结合 ,底物被酶催化生成有色沉淀物使鼠疫菌着色 ,用普通光学显微镜观察结果 ,常温 1h出结果 ,Kaplow法鼠疫菌被蓝色晶体覆盖 ,DAB法鼠疫菌呈棕黄色 ,不含 F1抗原的 8株细菌均为阴性 ,酶免疫染色法具有特异、快速、简便的特点 ,可用于鼠疫菌的快速检验     

鼠疫以非典型形式在自然界长期保存的研究进展

非典型鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(简称鼠疫菌)指不具备典型鼠疫菌生物学特性1项或几项特异特征的菌株。如抗鼠疫噬菌体株,不能产生FraI、PstI及丧失其它特性的弱毒力或无毒力L—型鼠疫菌株等。 60年代以来,人们一直关注控制和根除鼠疫的这一重大理论与实践问题,然而,鼠疫并没有根除,一些国家的某些地区鼠疫一直或强或弱的流行,而另一些地区出现几年、十几年、几十年的流行静息期,人们无法预测,而后突然发生动物鼠疫流行,甚至突然出现大面积广泛的多点暴发人间或动物间鼠疫。这在中国、原苏联、美国、印度及非洲国家的一些地区都先后出现过鼠疫流行静息期与突然再发的现象。因此人们一直把鼠疫长存之迷的研究作为重大核心课题之一。积累了大量资料,从不同角度提出了一些假说。引人注目的假说有两种,一种是流行保存说,另一种是变异保存说。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

急性肺动脉栓塞心电图多指标关联时变模式研究

目的:研究急性肺动脉栓塞(APE)的临床心电图动态演化规律,阐明其多样性表现的机制。方法:收集42个APE病例的心电图系列,每一例按记录时间顺序对7个特征性指标(心率,SⅠ、QⅢ、TⅢ、TV1,、STV、RV1或r'V1波)采样。分析该7个特征指标的时变特征,并总结归纳出APE心电图的多指标关联时变模式。结果:该时变理论模式表明,典型APE患者心电图随病程的动态变化,以TV1波倒置达峰时间为界,可化分为3个阶段。发病至TV1波倒置达峰前为第一阶段,TV1波倒置逐渐加深,表现为下降线,其它各指标在该阶段即已迅速完成上升或下降的演变而进入快速回复期,其时变模式曲线呈"反S"型或"S"型;第二阶段即为TV1波倒置达峰阶段,其时间大概处于TVI波总演变时间的前1/3处;自TVI波倒置达峰后至回复发病前水平为第三阶段。结论:临床APE心电图表现之多样性,是不同阶段各指标的联合表现特征和形式多样性的反映。该时变模式曲线可应用于临床判断疾病阶段。     

115例布鲁菌病临床特点分析

目的 探索布鲁菌病(布病)患者临床特征及治疗转归情况,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 收集并分析115例成人布病患者的人口学和流行病学资料、临床表现、血液学指标及治疗与转归情况。结果 布病患者常常伴有发热、乏力、多汗、关节疼痛、肝脾肿大等临床症状,其HGB、红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)、嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil,EO)、红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)和CRP异常率较高。而WBC、PLT、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、平均细胞体积、血小板分布宽度、ESR和降钙素原的异常率较低。治疗上大部分患者[53.04%(61/115)]接受利福平联合多西环素治疗,部分患者尤其是合并骨质侵犯患者常使用三联抗菌素治疗。其中47例并发骨关节痛患者,经规范足疗程治疗后皆好转或痊愈。结论 布病患者常伴有发热、乏力、多汗、关节疼痛、肝脾肿大等临床症状,其HGB、HCT、EO、RDW和CRP异常率较高,可作为布病的辅助诊断指标。布病临床表现多样,明确诊断后应尽早给予规范的抗菌治疗,抑制疾病进展,减少并发症发生。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.