高血压病患者脉压与靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨脉压与高血压病靶器官损害的关系.方法回顾性调查近5年住我院未治疗高血压病患者696例(男387例,女309 例),按平均压<107 mmHg和≥107 mmHg分为二组,再分别以脉压≤60 mmHg, 60<PP≤80 mmHg, 80<PP≤100 mmHg,>100 mmHg分为4个亚组.分析各亚组的脉压与体重指数(BMI)、血糖、血脂、BUN、Cr、UA、CCr、LVMI、EF、FS及心脑并发症发生率的相关性.结果 (1)各亚组的高血压病史、吸烟者、饮酒者、BMI、血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)无明显差别(P>0.05);(2)脉压与BUN、Cr、UA、年龄、SBP、LVMI呈正相关(r分别为0.75,0.60,0.70,0.48,0.59, 0.56,P均<0.05),而与CCr、DBP、FS、EF呈负相关(r分别为-0.68,-0.52,-0.49,-0.51,P均<0.05).(3)左室肥厚、冠心病、心功能不全及脑并发症的发生率与患者年龄、收缩压、舒张压和脉压有关(P均<0.05),统计学分析脉压起着更重要的作用.结论高血压病患者的靶器官损害与年龄、收缩压、舒张压和脉压等因素有关,但脉压起着更重要的作用.     

脉压变异性与高血压靶器官损害的相关性分析

目的探讨脉压变异性与高血压靶器官损害的关系。方法搜集近5年住我院未曾治疗的高血压病患者192例(男101例,女91例),以脉压变异性(PPV)<10mmHg、10≤PPV<15mmHg、PPV≥15mmHg分为3个组。分析各组的PPV与尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Cr)、血清尿素(UA)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、室间隔厚度(IVSd)、后壁厚度(PWd)、主动脉起始段内径(AoD)、冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)、左室舒张期内径(LVDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)及心脑并发症发生率的相关性。结果①PPV与年龄、BUN、Cr、UA、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、LVMI呈正相关(P均<0.05),而与Ccr、FS、LVEF呈负相关(P均<0.05)。②左室肥厚、心功能不全、心电图异常及脑并发症的发生率与患者年龄、SBP、DBP、PP、PPV有关(P均<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论高血压病患者PPV增大,可促进心脏、脑及肾脏等靶器官损害。提示高血压病患者中PPV也是预测心脏、脑及肾脏损害有价值的指标。控制PPV可以减轻高血压病患者靶器官的损害。     

药物干预下高血压患者脉压和靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的探讨药物规则治疗下脉压与高血压病靶器官损害的关系,为临床更好地控制血压防治靶器官损害提供依据。方法将我院近2年来药物规则治疗下的高血压患者324例(男184例,女140例),按脉压<60mmHg、60mmHg≤PP<80mmHg、PP≥80mmHg分为三组,分析各组脉压与体重指数(BMI)、血糖、血脂、Bun、Cr、CCr、MAU、LVMI、EF及心脑肾并发症发生率的相关性。结果①各组的性别分布、病程、BMI、血糖、血脂水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②脉压与年龄、SBP、Bun、Cr、MAU、LVMI成正相关(P<0.05),而与DBP、Ccr、EF成负相关(P<0.05);③冠心病、左室肥厚、心功能不全、脑并发症及肾功能不全的发生率与患者年龄、收缩压、舒张压和脉压有关(P均<0.05);统计学分析脉压起着重要的作用。结论即使药物规则治疗下,高血压患者的靶器官损害与年龄、收缩压、舒张压、脉压等因素有关,并且脉压的影响更重要,因此在高血压病的治疗过程中应重视缩小脉压。     

影响老年原发性高血压脉压的相关因素分析

目的探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)相关因素与脉压(PP)的关系。方法通过对2003～2007年住院治疗的老年高血压病患者309例(男185例,女124例)进行回顾性调查,按脉压(PP)≤60mmHg、60PP≤100mmHg、PP100mmHg分为三个组,分析各组的脉压与性别、高血压病程、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血糖、血脂、左室重量指数(LVMI)、射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、颈动脉斑块的相关性。结果各组BMI、血糖、甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)无明显差异(P0.05);脉压与SBP(r=0.48)、年龄(r=0.25)、高血压病程(r=0.23)、LVMI(r=0.65)、颈动脉斑块(r=0.69)、EF(r=0.31)呈正相关(P均0.01),而与DBP(r=-0.90)、FS(r=-0.35)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)(r=-0.22)呈负相关(P均0.01)。结论资料显示脉压与年龄、高血压病程、SBP、DBP、EF、FS、高密度脂蛋白、LVMI、颈动脉斑块等因素密切相关。     

老年高血压病患者高脉压与靶器官损害

目的　观察在药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病患者脉压 (PP)与心脏、血管和肾脏等靶器官损害的关系 ,为临床更好地控制血压 ,防治靶器官损害提供依据。方法　用 2 4小时动态血压仪监测 2 63例老年高血压病患者全天平均脉压(ABPP) ,多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块发生率 (CAPR)、颈总动脉分叉处内膜 -中膜厚度 (IMT)及内径 (CAD)、左室重量指数 (LVMI)、左室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速比值 (E/A值 )、射血分数 (EF) ,生化测定内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)及 2 4小时尿微量白蛋白排泄量 (MAU)。评价不同ABPP值对心脏、颈动脉、肾脏结构或功能的影响。结果　老年高血压病患者PP≥ 60mmHg与PP <60mmHg比较 ,E/A值、EF和Ccr均下降 (P <0 0 5) ,而LVMI、CAD、CAPR、IMT、MAU升高 (P <0 0 5)。结论　老年高血压病患者脉压增大 ,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害 ,提示在老年高血压病患者中脉压也是预测心脏、血管及肾脏损害有价值的指标 ,控制脉压可以减轻老年高血压病患者靶器官损害     

老年高血压病病人脉压与靶器官损害的关系

目的探讨脉压(PP)与高血压病靶器官损害的关系.方法 120例药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病病人,根据脉压水平的不同,分为PP＜60 mmHg和PP≥60 mmHg两组,颈动脉超声检测颈动脉粥样斑块发生率(CAPR)、颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及内径(LD),超声心动图检测主动脉根部内径(AOD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房收缩期充盈峰值流速与左心室舒张早期充盈峰值流速比值(A/E),生化测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr).评价不同脉压水平的靶器官损害.结果与PP＜60 mmHg组比较,PP≥60 mmHg组CAPR、IMT、LD、AOD、LAD、LVMI、A/E、BUN、Scr均显著升高(P＜0.05),LVEF、Ccr均显著降低(P＜0.05).结论老年高血压病病人脉压增大,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害,控制脉压可以减轻靶器官损害程度.     

老年高血压病患者高脉压与靶器官损害

目的观察在药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病患者脉压(PP)与心脏、血管和肾脏等靶器官损害的关系,为临床更好地控制血压,防治靶器官损害提供依据.方法用24小时动态血压仪监测263例老年高血压病患者全天平均脉压(ABPP),多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块发生率(CAPR)、颈总动脉分叉处内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)及内径(CAD)、左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速比值(E/A值)、射血分数(EF),生化测定内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)及24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄量(MAU).评价不同ABPP值对心脏、颈动脉、肾脏结构或功能的影响.结果老年高血压病患者PP≥60 mmHg与P\%P\%<60 mmHg比较,E/A值、EF和Ccr均下降(P<0.05),而LVMI、CAD、CAPR、IMT、MAU升高(P<0.05).结论老年高血压病患者脉压增大,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害,提示在老年高血压病患者中脉压也是预测心脏、血管及肾脏损害有价值的指标,控制脉压可以减轻老年高血压病患者靶器官损害.     

血清尿酸含量与冠心病患者心脏功能及结构的相关性分析

目的　分析 178例冠心病患者血清尿酸 (UA)含量与心脏结构和功能之间的相关性。方法　根据患者UA含量分为UA正常组 (UAn ;n =71)与UA升高组 (UAe ;n =10 7) ,以LA、LV、IVS、LVPW、LVM、LVMI、RWT作为心脏结构改变指标 ,EF、FS、E/A值作为心脏功能指标 ,对组间上述指标进行比较 ,两因素之间采用二元变量相关分析 ,采用偏相关分析校正干扰因素。结果　与UAn组相比 ,UAe组LA、LV、LVM、LVMI显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IVS、LVPW、RWT、EF、FS及E/A值显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,相关分析显示 ,血清尿酸含量与LA、LV、LVM、LVMI呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与IVS、LVPW、RWT、EF、FS及E/A值呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,经年龄、性别、BMI、血压、血脂与血糖、冠脉病变范围与CKMB校正后 ,上述相关性仍然存在 ,并具有统计学意义。结论　血清尿酸含量与冠心病患者心肌重构及心脏功能具有显著相关性 ,此相关性可不依赖于年龄、性别、BMI、血压、血脂及血糖而独立存在。监测冠心病患者血清尿酸含量并采取相应的措施调整血清尿酸水平 ,对临床防治冠心病心衰具有重要意义。     

老年高血压病患者脉压与心电图异常关系的临床探讨

目的　探讨老年高血压病患者脉压与心电图异常的关系。方法　抽样调查 6 0岁以上人群进行血压及心电图检查 ,对其中 75 0例高血压病患者进行分析 ,按平均动脉压 <113mmHg、≥ 113mmHg分为两组 ,再以脉压 <6 5mmHg、6 5～ 85mmHg、>85mmHg分为三个亚组。 结果　 (1)随着脉压增加 ,心肌肥厚 ,心电图异常均逐渐增加 ,P <0 .0 1。 (2 )总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇并不随脉压增加而改变 ,P >0 .0 5。 (3)脉压相同而平均动脉压分别为 <113mmHg、≥ 113mmHg两组进行比较 ,心肌肥厚 ,心电图异常均无差异 ,而平均动脉压≥113mmHg组的收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、平均动脉压均高于平均动脉压 <113mmHg组 ,两组差异有显著性 ,P<0 .0 1。结论　高血压病患者脉压比SBP、DBP与心电图的相关性更为密切。     

老年高血压病患者动态脉压与左心室肥厚及主动脉根部扩张的相关研究

目的　研究老年高血压病患者动态脉压 ( 2 4hPP)与左心室肥厚 (LVH)及主动脉根部 (AOD)扩张的相关关系。方法　对 118例老年高血压病患者进行动态血压 (ABP)和超声心动图等检查 ,分别测量ABP和超声心动图的各种参数。将 2 4hPP≥ 60mmHg( 1mmHg =0 13 3kPa)的患者 5 8例列为A组 ,2 4hPP <60mmHg的患者 60例列为B组。结果　A、B两组LVH和AOD扩张的发生率有非常显著的差异 (P <0 0 1)。左心室重量指数 (LVMI)与 2 4hPP、2 4h平均收缩压 ( 2 4hSBP)呈密切正相关 (r分别为 0 47、0 42 ,P均 <0 0 1) ,与脉压 (PP)和收缩压 (SBP)呈弱相关 (r分别为 0 2 5和 0 2 1,P均 <0 0 5 )。AOD与 2 4hPP、2 4hSBP、PP、SBP、年龄和病程密切正相关 (r分别为 0 5 9、0 49、0 45、0 3 7、0 2 9和 0 3 4,P均 <0 0 1)。结论　老年高血压病患者的 2 4hPP与LVH及AOD扩张密切相关 ,2 4hPP可作为评价抗高血压药物能否更好地减少高血压患者靶器官损害的重要指标之一     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.