既往心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的影响

目的 :探讨既往心绞痛史与急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者近期预后的关系。　　方法 :12 97例首次急性心肌梗死患者 ,按既往有无心绞痛史分为A (无心绞痛史 )、B (有心绞痛史 ) 2组 ,比较 2组间院内病死率、死亡原因及存活患者心功能的差异。　　结果 :①B组院内病死率显著低于A组 (5 15 %vs .11 72 % ,P <0 0 0 1) ;②B组患者因心源性休克或心力衰竭而死亡的比例略低于A组 (3 40 %vs .5 73 % ,P =0 0 5 ) ,因心脏破裂而死亡的比例显著低于A组 (0 87%vs .4 69% ,P<0 0 0 1) ;③存活患者出院时 ,B组NYHA心功能分级和左心室射血分数 (LVEF)均明显优于A组 (NYHA 1 2 5±0 5 5vs .1 40± 0 67,P <0 0 1;LVEF 0 5 2 3± 0 12 2vs .0 486± 0 10 9,P <0 0 1)。　　结论 :既往有心绞痛史的急性心肌梗死患者近期预后相对较好 ,原因可能与既往心绞痛促进冠状动脉侧支循环形成及缺血预适应机制有关。     

急性下壁心肌梗死合并完全性房室阻滞患者冠状动脉病变的特点及临床预后

目的:探讨急性下壁心肌梗死合并完全性房室阻滞(CAVB)患者的冠状动脉病变特点及早期预后.方法:对发病12小时内急诊直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术且梗塞相关血管为右冠状动脉的急性下壁心肌梗死患者139例,按经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术前是否出现CAVB分为CAVB组(n=35)和无完全性房室阻滞(NAVB)组(n=104),进行临床、冠状动脉造影、心功能及早期预后分析.结果:经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术前梗塞相关血管闭塞(TIMl 0～1级)率CAVB组高于NAVB组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05);CAVB组多支病变、无有效侧支循环、严重心律失常(室性心动过速、心室颤动)发生率均高于NAVB组,有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);肌酸激酶峰值、合并右心室梗死及院内病死率CAVB组高于NAVB组,均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).多因素分析完全性房室阻滞不是院内死亡的独立危险因素.结论:急性下壁心肌梗死发生的完全性房室阻滞,与梗死区域的残余血流(前向血流与侧支血流)减少及多支冠状动脉病变有关,合并完全性房室阻滞者即使介入治疗成功仍有较高的病死率,应给予更积极的治疗和严密监测.     

慢性完全闭塞病变患者侧支循环与存活心肌的关系

目的分析冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者侧支循环与存活心肌的关系。方法选取2016年2月~2017年8月于河南科技大学第一附属医院收治的慢性完全闭塞病变患者89例,其中男性66例,女性23例。根据Rentrop分级将患者分为A组(轻度或无侧支循环,13例),B组(中度侧支循环,33例),C组(良好侧支循环,43例)。比较三组患者心脏磁共振成像(CMRI)各项指标水平,即左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏输出量(SV)以及心输出量(CO);存活心肌比例以及室壁运动积分指数情况。结果 B组患者LVEF水平明显低于A组与C组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。C组、A组及B组患者的LVEDV、LVESV、SV呈逐渐上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。C组患者的CO水平明显低于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。A组、B组、C组患者存活心肌比例分别为15.4%(2/13)、66.7%(22/33)、93.0%(40/43),呈逐渐上升趋势,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。A组、B组、C组患者室壁运动积分指数相比,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论慢性完全闭塞病变患者的侧支循环情况与其心肌活性有关,侧支循环越好,患者存活心肌比例越高。     

老年人左主干病变所致急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效与特点

目的探讨老年人左主干急性闭塞或严重狭窄所致的急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊PCI的疗效与特点。方法选择在我中心完成AMI行急诊PCI的患者中以梗死相关血管为左主干的老年患者14例,7例合并心源性休克(50.0%),根据住院期间是否死亡分为死亡组7例和存活组7例,对比2组的临床及冠状动脉造影资料,对存活患者进行随访,了解是否发生严重心脏不良事件。结果共有12例患者接受PCI支架置入,其中2例于术后1h内死于导管室。与存活组比较,死亡组无侧支循环比例明显增高(100%vs 42.9%,P=0.02)。结论老年左主干急性病变所致AMI患者急性期病死率高,尤其合并心源性休克患者,但存活者远期预后较好。对于左主干非完全闭塞且有较好侧支循环者急诊PCI可能会降低院内病死率。     

冠状动脉侧支循环与心肌缺血时间的相关性

目的:研究冠状动脉侧支循环形成与心肌缺血、心肌梗死发生的时间关系。方法:回顾分析412例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠状动脉完全或次全闭塞患者,先将有心肌梗死病史的患者分为3组:A组(心肌梗死后1个月内)、B组(1个月～1年)、C组(1年以上)。仅有心肌缺血者同样根据缺血时间(上述3个时间段)分为A、B、C组。分别观察侧支循环形成良好率,进行对比分析。再根据闭塞血管将所有患者分为前降支、回旋支、右冠状动脉3组观察其侧支循环形成情况。结果:有心肌梗死及心肌缺血病史者A、B、C组患者侧支循环形成的良好率两两比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右冠状动脉完全或次全闭塞时侧支循环形成良好率明显高于左冠状动脉;前降支与右冠状动脉比较、回旋支与右冠状动脉比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心肌梗死和心肌缺血随着时间的延长侧支循环良好情况无显著改变。     

闭塞性冠状动脉病变侧支循环形成的影响因素及其临床意义

目的 :探讨闭塞性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )病变侧支循环形成的影响因素及其临床意义。　　方法 :冠脉造影证实 1～ 2支冠脉亚闭塞或完全闭塞病人共 68例 ,根据侧支循环情况将其分为A组 (3 1例 ,侧支循环 0～ 1级 )和B组 (3 7例 ,侧支循环 2～ 3级 ) ,对 2组病人部分临床资料进行对比分析。　　结果 :A组病人中吸烟史、心肌梗死及糖尿病史、室壁运动异常者及室壁瘤形成率、ST段降低 (∑ST)者及平均心率均高于B组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;而A组病人中原发性高血压史、心绞痛史、定期使用肝素和长期用 β受体阻滞剂者及左心室射血分数 (LVEF)却低于B组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。　　结论 :①吸烟及糖尿病对侧支循环的形成不利 ,应强调戒烟及控制血糖的重要性 ;②肝素有利于侧支血管形成 ,对于不能介入或冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗的病人尤为必要 ;③心率慢可能促进侧支循环形成 ,故提倡使用 β受体阻滞剂。     

急性心肌梗死患者侧支循环形成的相关因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者侧支循环形成的相关因素,以期为临床提供科学依据及治疗指导。方法选取南方医科大学附属珠江医院2015年1月至2017年9月156例急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,所有患者均行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,按Rentrop分级分为侧支循环良好组(n=53)和侧支循环不良组(n=103),比较两组患者的临床资料及冠状动脉病变特点等与侧支循环形成的相关性。结果两组年龄、性别、心肌梗死类型、原发性高血压史、吸烟史、糖尿病史、肾功能不全史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度、糖化血红蛋白等比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。侧支循环良好组的心率稍低于侧支循环不良组,而舒张压稍高于侧支循环不良组,差异有统计学意义。右冠状动脉、完全闭塞、近端病变、弥漫性病变及血管病变数对良好侧支循环形成有统计学意义。多因素回归分析提示,心率、舒张压水平及梗死后心肌缺血可能是心肌梗死后冠状动脉侧支循环形成的独立危险因素。结论梗死后心肌缺血控制心率可能有利于心肌梗死后冠状动脉侧支循环形成,为提前干预心肌梗死高危患者提供理论依据。     

多支慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变侧支循环形成的影响因素分析

目的探讨影响慢性冠状动脉闭塞病变(CTO)多支病变侧支循环形成的因素。方法选择2003—2008年沈阳市第四人民医院心血管内科40例既往无心肌梗死的CTO患者,分为侧支良好组(A组)和侧支不良组(B组)。对两组患者的冠脉造影特点、临床特征进行对比分析。结果 A组中左优势冠脉即回旋支粗大占67.8%,B组中左优势冠脉仅占25.0%(P0.05),A组近端病变患者明显多于B组(P0.01),心绞痛病程(3个月)在A组中占96.4%,在B组中占66.6%(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分揭示冠脉近端病变和糖尿病是良好侧支循环形成与否的独立影响因素。结论冠脉近端部位闭塞及左优势冠脉类型易于在CTO多支病变中建立侧支循环,心绞痛病程(3个月)时侧支循环明显增多,冠脉近端病变和糖尿病是侧支循环形成的独立影响因素。     

老年糖尿病心肌梗死临床预后的探讨

目的 探讨老年糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)(A组)与非糖尿病AMI(B组)临床预后的关系。方法 A组患者86例,并以同期B组患者120例为对照组,观察其临床症状、主要并发症及住院病死率等。结果 A组的发病年龄略高于B组,临床症状以非典型胸痛、胃肠道反应最为明显,且显著高于B组(P<0.01)。其次为呼吸困难、意识障碍(P<0.05),与B组比较并发泵衰竭多且差异有显著性(P<0.05)。心律失常、心源性休克、室壁瘤无明显性差异(P>0.05)。A组住院病死率显著高于B组(P<0.01),死亡原因主要是泵衰竭。结论 糖尿病AMI病人缺乏典型胸痛,并发泵衰竭明显,预后差,病死率高。     

AMI静脉溶栓后即行PTCA与直接冠状动脉支架术的疗效比较

目的 比较rt-PA(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效.方法119例AMI患者随机分为AB两组.A组65例行rt-PA半量(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉血管造影,及经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成行术,B组54例行直接冠状动脉支架术.术后观察20天.结果(1)首次冠状动脉造影显示:A组梗塞相关动脉(IRA)69支,开通为54%:B组IRA 57支,开通率为15%.两组开通率相比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).(2)A,B两组行PTCA和支架置入术后对IRA恢复TIMI Ⅲ级血流效果相同,A组100%,B组98%,两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).(3)病人住院10～20天,二维超声心动图显示,左心室射血分数(LVEF)达到或超过60%者,A组为88%,而B组仅占69%.两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).(4)脑卒中或大出血并发症两组病例均未发生.(5)住院病死率,A组3%(2/65),B组3.7%(2/54),两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉成形及支架置入术与直接冠状动脉支架置入术治疗AMI临床疗效相比,前者较后者具有更早地使IRA前向血流再灌注,减低冠状动脉支架置入术中并发症发生,从而具有较好的左心室功能保护,且不增加不良事件的发生.     

碎裂QRS波与急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变及预后的关系

目的:研究心电图导联上碎裂QRS波(fQRS)在急性冠状动脉(冠脉)综合征(ACS)患者的发生情况,以及与冠脉病变和预后的关系。方法:连续入选ACS患者,根据是否存在fQRS进行分组,分析fQRS与冠脉病变范围、狭窄程度及侧支循环、心脏骤停、严重心律失常及左室射血分数(LVEF)的关系。结果:急性心肌梗死患者fQRS发生率明显高于不稳定心绞痛,ACS患者中fQRS组3支病变、完全闭塞病变、侧支循环、心脏骤停、室性心动过速和(或)心室颤动的发生率较无fQRS组明显升高,LVEF低于无fQRS组。2组在缓慢型心律失常[Ⅱ度二型房室传导阻滞和(或)Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞]无显著性差异。结论:ACS患者fQRS主要发生在急性心肌梗死,fQRS的出现可作为预测ACS冠脉病变程度及预后的指标。     

首次急性ST段抬高与非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者临床及冠状动脉病变特点比较

目的回顾性分析比较首次发生急性ST段抬高心肌梗死与非ST段抬高心肌梗死的临床及冠状动脉病变的特点。方法选择首次急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者50例(ST段抬高组)和急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者50例(非ST段抬高组),均行冠状动脉造影检查,对其发病特点、临床表现、并发症、心功能以及冠状动脉病变进行回顾性分析。结果 ST段抬高组起病急,主要以剧烈胸痛为主,就诊时间较早,非ST段抬高组首发症状多样。ST段抬高组总并发症、室性心律失常、窦性心动过缓及传导阻滞发生率明显高于非ST段抬高组(P<0.01),左心室射血分数明显低于非ST段抬高组(P<0.05)。与ST段抬高组比较,非ST段抬高组冠状动脉病变血管支数较多,3支病变、侧支循环比例较高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论急性ST段抬高心肌梗死起病急,并发症多,影响心功能,应积极尽快实施血运重建,以开通梗死相关血管,但急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死冠状动脉病变往往较重。急性心肌梗死的近期预后与起病急缓、透壁性心肌坏死范围等有关。     

Coronary angiographic significance of left anterior fascicular block during acute myocardial infarction

The clinical and angiographic significance of isolated left anterior fascicular block occurring during the early stage of acute myocardial infarction was studied in 141 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization before hospital discharge. Left anterior fascicular block occurred in 15 of the 62 patients with an anterior wall infarction and in 13 of the 79 with an inferior infarction. None of the clinical characteristics differed among patients with or without left anterior fascicular block. The number of coronary vessels with significant stenosis, the Friesinger and the Gensini scores for severity of stenosis and the ejection fraction were also similar in the two groups. Patients with left anterior fascicular block had more severe narrowing of the coronary artery supplying the infarct zone (88 +/- 21 versus 70 +/- 35%, p less than 0.001) and tended to have less developed collateral circulation (collateral score 0.7 +/- 0.8 versus 1 +/- 0.8, p = 0.10). A significant stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery was found as frequently in patients with as in those without left anterior fascicular block (64 versus 65%); 29% of the patients with inferior wall infarction and left anterior fascicular block had left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis compared with 47% of the patients without this conduction disturbance (no significant difference). When the infarction was located anteriorly, a significant stenosis of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery was present in 47% of the patients with and in 45% of the patients without left anterior fascicular block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Coronary collateral development after acute myocardial infarction

In 31 patients without a history of preinfarction angina, coronary collateral circulation to the completely obstructed coronary artery was evaluated by coronary angiography during a convalescent period of their first myocardial infarction. Collateral visualization (collateral index) was found to be significantly greater in patients with involvement of the right coronary artery (2.1 +/- 1.1, SD) than in those with obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (1.2 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05). The time interval from the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction to angiographic evaluation did not affect the extent of collateral visualization or the degree of coronary artery disease. These findings indicate that the collateral vessels develop after acute myocardial infarction regardless of the extent of coronary artery disease and accomplish the proliferative process within one month. It is also suggested that the collateral visualization is dependent on the size of perfusion territory of the infarct-related coronary artery.     

Relation between preexistent coronary collateral circulation and the incidence of restenosis after successful primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the incidence of restenosis after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction is largely influenced by the preexistent coronary collateral circulation to the infarct-related coronary artery.

Background. The occurrence of restenosis after coronary angioplasty is the most limitation of this procedure. However, prediction of restenosis is difficult. Severe preexistent stenosis of the infarct-related coronary artery causing the development of collateral circulation may result in a high frequency of restenosis.

Methods. The study group consisted of 152 consecutive patients undergoing primary coronary angioplasty within 12 h after the onset of a first acute myocardial infarction. Of this group, 124 patients were angiographically followed up during the convalescent period of infarction and were classified into two groups according to the extent of preexistent collateral circulation to the infarct-related coronary artery.

Results. Restenosis occurred in 26 (38%) of 69 patients with poor or no collateral circulation (group A) in contrast to 35 (64%) of 55 patients with good angiographic collateral circulation (group B, p < 0.005). The frequency of preinfarction angina was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in group A (26% [18 of 60]) than in group B (44% [24 of 55]).

Conclusions. These findings indicate that the presence of well developed collateral circulation to the infarct-related coronary artery predicts a higher frequency of restenosis after primary coronary angioplasty. The difference in restenosis rates observed between the patients with and without good collateral circulation probably reflects the impact of underlying severity of stenosis on the long-term outcome after coronary angioplasty.     

Left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic correlates.

Seventy-six patients with severe (greater than 80%) occlusive left anterior descending coronary artery disease by coronary angiography were examined for the electrocardiographic characteristics of this disease in the presence (group A 59 patients) or the absence (group B 17 patients) of anterior wall asynergy (akinesis or dyskinesis). The incidence of clinically documented anterior myocardial infarction in these two groups of patients was examined. The collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery was also examined in the groups of patients with and without anterior wall asynergy. Thirty-eight of 59 (64%) patients with anterior wall asynergy (group A) showed electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction, 17 per cent showed probable electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction and 19 per cent showed no electrocardiographic signs. None of the 17 patients without anterior wall asynergy (group B) showed electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction. In group A 74.6 per cent had documented clinical evidence of previous anterior myocardial infarction. Collateral filling of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery was seen in 71 per cent of group A and 100 per cent of group B patients. There was a significantly higher incidence (P = 0.02) of collateral filling in the patients without electrocardiographic evidence of definite anterior myocardial infarction (93% of 28 patients), than in those who showed definite electrocardiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction (66% of 38 patients).it is concluded that severe occlusive left anterior descending coronary artery disease with anterior wall myocardial asynergy is usually associated with electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction, whereas equally severe left anterior descending coronary artery disease without anterior wall asynergy is rarely associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities of anterior myocardial infarction. Severe left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction without electrocardiographic and angiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction is usually associated with collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery and collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery is present less frequently when obstruction is associated with anterior myocardial infarction.     

Left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic correlates.

Seventy-six patients with severe (greater than 80%) occlusive left anterior descending coronary artery disease by coronary angiography were examined for the electrocardiographic characteristics of this disease in the presence (group A 59 patients) or the absence (group B 17 patients) of anterior wall asynergy (akinesis or dyskinesis). The incidence of clinically documented anterior myocardial infarction in these two groups of patients was examined. The collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery was also examined in the groups of patients with and without anterior wall asynergy. Thirty-eight of 59 (64%) patients with anterior wall asynergy (group A) showed electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction, 17 per cent showed probable electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction and 19 per cent showed no electrocardiographic signs. None of the 17 patients without anterior wall asynergy (group B) showed electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction. In group A 74.6 per cent had documented clinical evidence of previous anterior myocardial infarction. Collateral filling of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery was seen in 71 per cent of group A and 100 per cent of group B patients. There was a significantly higher incidence (P = 0.02) of collateral filling in the patients without electrocardiographic evidence of definite anterior myocardial infarction (93% of 28 patients), than in those who showed definite electrocardiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction (66% of 38 patients).it is concluded that severe occlusive left anterior descending coronary artery disease with anterior wall myocardial asynergy is usually associated with electrocardiographic signs of anterior myocardial infarction, whereas equally severe left anterior descending coronary artery disease without anterior wall asynergy is rarely associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities of anterior myocardial infarction. Severe left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction without electrocardiographic and angiographic evidence of anterior myocardial infarction is usually associated with collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery and collateral circulation to the left anterior descending coronary artery is present less frequently when obstruction is associated with anterior myocardial infarction.     

冠通方治疗心肌梗死后心绞痛气虚血瘀型的效果

目的 观察冠通方对心肌梗死后心绞痛气虚血瘀型患者的治疗效果。方法 把80例符合纳入标准的梗死后心绞痛患者随机分成试药组和对照组,每组各40例。试药组给予冠通方加西医基础治疗,对照组给予西医基础治疗。比较两组的临床效果并观察各项指标的变化。结果 试药组中医证候疗效、心绞痛疗效、心电图疗效均优于对照组（均P<0.05)。治疗后试药组与对照组对冠状动脉侧支循环的分级及评分情况具有明显差异(P<0.05)。试药组与对照组对冠状动脉侧支循环的能否建立,差异不显著。结论 冠通方治疗心肌梗死后心绞痛的疗效显著优于西医基础治疗,安全性好。     

Development of collateral circulation after acute myocardial infarction: its role in preserving left ventricular function

The present study evaluated the effects of coronary collateral circulation developing after acute myocardial infarction on global and regional left ventricular function during the chronic stage. The study group consisted of 16 patients with initial myocardial infarction having total occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. To eliminate the effects of collateral circulation existing at the onset of infarction, patients with pre-infarction angina were excluded from this study. The patients were categorized in two groups depending on the extent of their collateral circulation (collateral index: CI 0-3): group A--patients with significant collateral circulation (CI = 2 or 3) to the infarct-related coronary artery; group B--patients without significant collateral circulation (CI = 0 or 1). Their heart rate, left ventricular peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures and cardiac index were similar in the two groups. The left ventricular end-systolic volume index in the group B was significantly greater than that in the group A (60 +/- 21 ml/m2 vs 34 +/- 9 ml/m2, p less than 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction in the group A was significantly greater than that of the group B (55 +/- 9% vs 39 +/- 15%, p less than 0.05), and a significant difference was observed in the percentage of segment shortening in the infarct area between the groups A and B (10.8 +/- 9.2% vs -0.2 +/- 5.4%, p less than 0.01). It was concluded that coronary collateral circulation which develops after acute myocardial infarction exerts beneficial effects on global and regional left ventricular function during the chronic stage.