冠心病患者血浆唾液酸含量变化规律及意义

冠心病是危害人民身体健康的主要疾病,是成人死亡的首要原因.近年来随着我国经济的发展、生活水平的提高,冠心病发病率有逐年上升趋势.冠心病发病有许多危险因素,这些危险因素分为主要危险因素和其他危险因素,由于其他危险因素与冠心病发病关系尚未得出一致结论,或不能确定其与冠心病发病关系是否独立于主要危险因素.     

影响女性冠心病的相关危险因素

冠心病的发病因素较多,本文重点讨论影响女性冠心病发生的相关危险因素。     

冠心病危险因素在不同性别患者中的分布

正大量研究表明,吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症以及早发心血管病家族史是冠心病发生的主要危险因素。多因素分析显示,危险因素对不同类型心血管病发病的影响及作用强度有所差别。在不同性别人群中,冠心病不同危险因素的作用强度是否存在差异已经引起重视,并陆续有研究分析这方面的影响,但是,这些研究规模较小。本研究主要评估冠心病危险因素对不同性别作用的差异,为冠心病患者的个体化治疗以及     

冠心病危险因素研究新进展

传统冠心病危险因素如年龄、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症不能完全解释所有冠心病的病因。目前,对新的危险因素如胎球蛋白-A、冠状动脉钙化积分、高纤维蛋白原血症、凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1、不对称性二甲基精氨酸、抵抗素等在冠心病发生发展中的深入研究,加深了对冠心病发病机制的认识,提示临床上治疗冠心病时,除了控制传统的冠心病危险因素外,应加强对新的冠心病危险因素的干预。     

新的冠心病危险因素

传统冠心病危险因素如高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症不能完全解释所有冠心病的病因。目前,对新的危险因素如炎症、促凝物质、氧化低密度脂蛋白、小而密的低密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白(a)、感染、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高尿酸血症等在冠心病发生发展中的深入研究,加深了对冠心病发病机制的认识,提示临床上治疗冠心病时,除了控制传统的冠心病危险因素外,应加强对新的冠心病危险因素的干预。     

老年女性冠心病相关因素分析

目的探讨老年女性冠心病患者患病相关因素分析。方法选择临床诊断为可疑冠心病的老年女性患者139例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组(71例)和对照组(68例),观察年龄、体重、吸烟、停经时间、血尿酸水平、血压、血脂、糖尿病、骨质疏松与冠心病的相关性,进一步分析其相关的危险因素。结果冠心病组与对照组在肥胖、吸烟、过早停经、血尿酸增高、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、骨质疏松方面差异有统计学意义(P0.01);年龄在2组间的分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。老年女性冠心病的危险因素是糖尿病和骨质疏松。结论冠心病是一种多因素疾病,对于老年女性而言,糖尿病、骨质疏松可能是其发病的危险因素;吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、过早停经、肥胖、血尿酸增高等因素可能与其发病有关。     

中国35～64岁人群血清甘油三酯与心血管病发病危险的关系

目的 探讨我国35～64岁人群血清甘油三酯(TG)与心血管病发病危险的关系.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究的方法,利用中国多省市心血管病危险因素队列研究30 378人的资料,通过对基线血清TG不同水平人群12年间(1992-2004年)急性冠心病事件、缺血性脑卒中事件和出血性脑卒中事件发病风险进行比较,研究TG对各类心血管病发病风险的影响.结果 (1)TG与急性冠心病事件的发病危险有明确的关系.急性冠心病事件的人年发病率在TG水平较低时(TG≥1.15mmol/L)开始增加,TG水平上四分之一分位组(TG≥1.60 retool/L)人群的急性冠心病事件人年发病率是TG水平下四分之一分位组(TG＜0.81 retool/L)的2.7倍(168.4/10万,62.6/10万).(2)应用COX回归分析调整了多种其他危险因素后,TG水平对12年间急性冠心病的发病风险有独立的预测作用.分析未发现TG与缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中的发病危险存在关联.结论 在35～64岁中国人群中,TG是急性冠心病事件发病的独立危险因素.急性冠心病事件的发病危险从TG≥1.15mmot/L即开始升高.     

女性冠心病的特点

<正>传统观念认为,女性冠心病发病比男性晚10年以上,因而较少受到关注。目前发达国家男性冠心病病死率明显下降,而女性却呈上升趋势,已成为女性的头号"杀手"。下面从危险因素、临床表现、诊断、预后和治疗等方面介绍女性冠心病的特点。1冠心病危险因素1.1冠心病经典危险因素高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、吸烟、腹型肥胖等同样为女性冠心病的危险因素,而且这些因素对年轻女性的影响更     

青年冠心病研究进展

冠心病已经成为危害全人类健康的常见病及多发病,并且发病年龄越来越年轻。青年冠心病与老年冠心病不同,有自己的特点。国外关于它的研究相对较多,而国内相关报道较少。现就青年冠心病的危险因素,易感基因以及干细胞移植治疗方面的进展作一综述。     

冠心病外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体的表达及其与心血管危险因素的聚集性的关系

目的:观察冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体(TLRl～10)的表达状况及其与冠心病危险因素聚集性的关系,探寻TLRI～10在冠心病发病机制中的作用.方法:急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)、慢性心肌缺血综合征(CIS)患者和正常健康者各30例,用流式细胞术检测外周血单个核细胞TLRl～10的表达.搜集血压、血糖、血脂、吸烟史及家族史等危险因素.应用方差分析TLRl～10在各组中的阳性率情况,相关分析研究冠心病危险因素积分与TLRI～10阳性率的关系.结果:在ACS组、CIS组中,外周血单个核细胞TLR2～5表达的阳性率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),TLR2、4、5在ACS组的表达阳性率均显著高于CIS组(P＜0.01),其他亚型在各组间差异无统计学意义.相关分析显示,外周血中单个核细胞TLR2～5表达的阳性率与冠心病危险因素积分呈正相关,其相关系数分别为0.438,0.632,0.303,0.526,P＜0.05或P＜0.01.结论:冠心病外周血中单个核细胞TLR2～5表达的阳性增多,TLR2、4、5可能反映冠心病的严重程度TLR2～5的表达与冠心病危险因素聚集性有关.     

New and Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Traditional risk factors such as family history, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking cannot account for the entire risk for incident coronary events. Several other potential risk factors have been identified in an effort to improve risk assessment for CHD. This article reviews the current evidence on new and emerging risk factors for CHD and their current utility in screening, specifically focusing on coronary artery calcium score, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a), carotid intima-media thickness, homocysteine, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, as well as high-density lipoprotein functionality.     

Evaluation of the stability and prognostic significance of identification of various risk factors of ischemic heart disease in 50 to 59-year-old men

The authors present the data on the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors, on the incidence of new cases of CHD and the associated mortality in the unorganized population of 50-59-year-old men of Moscow as well as findings on the natural variability of risk factors obtained over six years in a follow-up study. The relationship between the CHD incidence on the one hand and the baseline arterial pressure levels, excessive body weight and smoking habit on the other is evaluated. Arterial hypertension is shown to be the most prognostic risk factor of CHD in the unifactorial analysis.     

冠心病新的危险因素

冠心病是目前全球范围最常见的心血管疾病 ,它的发生是由外界环境因素和内在的多基因调控异常共同作用的结果。已报道的冠心病危险因素有 2 0 0多种 ,包括我们已经熟悉的危险因素和一些新的危险因素。本文就冠心病的一些新的危险因素做一简述     

Dietary cholesterol and coronary artery disease: A systematic review

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States and other industrialized nations. A better understanding of modifiable risk factors for CHD is critical in order to effectively prevent this disease. Dietary factors known to influence the risk of CHD include saturated fats, trans-fats, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although higher plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of coronary disease and lipid-lowering therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the relation between dietary cholesterol and the risk of CHD is not clearly understood. This article reviews the current evidence on the association between dietary cholesterol and the risk of CHD.     

年轻人冠心病危险因素分布及聚集状况

目的　观察年轻人中冠心病危险因素的分布及聚集状况 ,为早期年轻人防治冠心病提供依据。方法　选择年轻冠心病患者 (经冠状动脉造影证实 ,年龄≤ 40岁 ) 1 78例作为疾病组 ,并以年龄匹配的冠状动脉造影正常的年轻人 70例作为对照组 ,分析了传统危险因素 (高血压、高血糖、高血脂、肥胖、吸烟史、家族史 )和新危险因素同型半胱氨酸 (HCY)、脂蛋白 (a)、小而密低密度脂蛋白、C反应蛋白 (CRP)在两组间的变化特点及聚集情况。结果　 (1 )在传统的危险因素中 ,疾病组的甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇 (TC)水平、吸烟和家族史的比率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ;在新的危险因素中 ,疾病组的血浆HCY(2 1 66± 1 8 2 2 ) μmol L和CRP(5 78± 6 90 )mg L比对照组的血浆HCY(1 4 94± 8 97)μmol L和CRP(2 87± 2 0 0 )mg L明显增高 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其他危险因素在两组间比较差异无显著性。(2 )疾病组与对照组比较 ,有危险因素者明显增多 (P <0 0 5) ,2种以上新危险因素聚集增加 ,3种新危险因素聚集比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ,传统危险因素聚集性比较差异无显著性。 (3)logistic回归显示吸烟 (OR值为 2 4,95 %CI:1 31 5～ 4 2 75)、TG(OR值为 1 8,95 %CI:1 2 1 5～ 2 541 )、HCY(OR值为 1 9,95 %CI:1 0 60     

Action levels for obesity treatment in 40 to 42-y-old men and women compared with action levels for prevention of coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines for treating overweight and obesity have been suggested by the World Health Organization and other expert groups. We asked whether most men and women targeted in obesity guidelines would already be included in existing clinical recommendations for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) or whether a new group of patients would be added to current workloads. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 1997 the Norwegian National Health Screening Service examined CHD risk factors in subjects aged 40-42 y living in three counties. We studied 6911 men and 7992 women who did not report treatment for diabetes, hypertension or the presence of cardiovascular disease. Estimated 10 y risk of CHD was calculated using the Framingham equation. RESULTS: The prevalence of single risk factors (systolic blood pressure > or =160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > or =95 mmHg, total cholesterol level > or =7.8 mmol/l and nonfasting glucose > or =11.1 mmol/l) ranged between 0 and 11% among subjects with body mass index > or =25 kg/m2. Adding low HDL cholesterol (<1.0 mmol/l for men, <1.1 mmol/l for women) and 10 y risk CHD risk to the classical risk factors increased prevalence to 16-50% (one or more risk factors or 10 y risk > or =10%). Sensitivities and specificities of using body mass index (BMI) or BMI and waist circumference as a screen for elevated CHD risk ranged between 22 and 91%. Screening for 10 y CHD risk of > or =10% or one or more risk factors among men and screening for one or more risk factors among women gave positive predictive values of 19-50%; however, the positive predictive value of screening for 10 y CHD risk of > or =10% was only 1-2% among women. Compared with men with BMI<30 kg/m2 or waist circumference <102 cm, those with measurements equal to or above these levels had statistically significantly higher adjusted odds ratios of elevated CHD risk (1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.79 and 1.48, 95% CI 1.22-1.80, respectively); these associations were not observed among women. CONCLUSION: Using BMI and waist circumference to screen for CHD risk yields low positive prediction values, thus doubling the number of men and adding even more to the number of women seen by the practitioner for prevention of CHD.     

Perception of risk for coronary heart disease in women undergoing coronary angiography

BACKGROUND: Even though coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, most women underestimate their risk of developing CHD. DESIGN: Survey to examine the relationship between women's recollection of being told they were at risk for CHD and the presence of risk factors. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 450 women undergoing coronary angiography at 1 university hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-recollection of being told one was at risk for CHD and presence of CHD risk factors. RESULTS: Most women (83.6%) had 3 or more risk factors, 12.2% had 1 or 2 risk factors, and 0.9% had no risk factors. Only 35% of women recalled being told that they were at risk for CHD. Few relationships were found between being told one was at risk for CHD and the presence of individual risk factors. No difference was found in the mean number of risk factors among women who did and did not recall being told they were at risk. In logistic regression analysis, only 5% of the variance in recollection of being told one was at risk was predicted, with only age, education, and having a high cholesterol level significantly contributing to the equation. CONCLUSIONS: Even though women may not remember conversations with their health care provider about CHD risk, the possibility that risk factors were not adequately assessed cannot be discounted. Patient-provider conversations about CHD risk factors should be encouraged as the first step toward successful risk reduction.     

HIV infection and coronary heart disease: an intersection of epidemics

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Although factors potentially contributing to this elevated risk include traditional CHD risk factors and antiretroviral medications, more recent data support a role for inflammatory and immunologic factors as central to a complex mechanism. Decreasing CHD risk among HIV-infected patients is likely to involve modification of inflammatory and immunologic factors through antiretroviral therapy or other novel strategies as well as targeted treatment of traditional CHD risk factors. This review will highlight epidemiologic data investigating the association between HIV and CHD outcomes. An overview of potential mechanistic factors associated with CHD in HIV infection and of strategies for managing CHD risk in HIV-infected patients is also included. Specific cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, CHD risk prediction, and the immunologic basis for CHD in HIV-infected patients will be discussed in separate reviews.     

Lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease: Implications for antihypertensive therapy

There is now considerable evidence that treatment of abnormalities of lipids and lipoproteins reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Treatment of hypertension, another major cardiovascular risk factor, has not been shown to have the same impact on CHD. Possible explanations for this are that cardiovascular risk factors may occur in combination in an individual or that therapy for hypertension has adversely affected one or several of the other risk factors for CHD, thereby effuetting the benefit gained by lowering blood pressure.This article reviews the relationship between lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease, and the impact of cholesterol lowering on CHD. The evidence that antihypertensive drugs are associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities is introduced by a critical appraisal of the several studies for such evidence. Implications for the treatment of the hypertensive patient are discussed.     

"New" risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases

Many potential "new" risk factors may predispose to atherosclerotic diseases. The most promising currently seem to be fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and other inflammatory markers; hyperhomocysteinemia; low vitamin E intake; insulin resistance; lipoprotein(a); and fetal undernutrition. However, clinical trial proof of a causal role between several of these risk factors and CHD may be difficult to obtain unless selective interventions are developed to lower them. Certainly, current emphasis for primary and secondary prevention needs to focus on the established risk factors, particularly those for which clinical trial evidence has demonstrated interventions are efficacious for CHD prevention.