肥胖与非肥胖老年高血压患者血清生长激素水平比较及相关因素分析

目的比较肥胖与非肥胖老年高血压患者血清生长激素（GH）水平的差异,探讨其与心血管危险因素的相关性。方法根据体质量指数（BMI）及腰围（WC）,将80例老年高血压患者分为肥胖组及非肥胖组,测定WC、GH、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血脂、纤维蛋白原（Fb）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）,C反应蛋白（CRP）,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。结果（1）肥胖组GH、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）低于非肥胖组,两者差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;（2）肥胖组FPG、FINS、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、Fb、SBP、DBP、CRP、HOMA—IR高于非肥胖组,2组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;（3）GH与HDL—C呈正相关,与WC、BMI、HOMA—IR、TG、TC、CRP、Fb及年龄呈负相关。结论肥胖的患者GH水平下降,并与心血管危险因素密切相关,GH水平降低可能预示心血管疾病的高风险。     

hsCRP与脑梗死胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）与脑梗死胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法选择脑梗死患者54例，按肥胖指数分为肥胖组和非肥胖组，另选30例作正常对照组，测定3组血清hsCRP、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血糖（FPG）及其他生化指标，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR），对hsCRP与神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）及各测定指标进行相关性分析。结果肥胖组、非肥胖组与正常对照组比较，血清hsCRP及HOMA-IR、FINS、FPG、HDL—C、LDL—C有差异；肥胖组与非肥胖组相比，HOMA—IR、FINS及BMI有差异。hsCRP与NIHSS评分、HOMA-IR、FINS、TC、LDL-C呈正相关。结论hsCRP与胰岛素抵抗相互作用，在脑梗死的发生发展中有重要作用。     

二甲双胍对单纯性肥胖患者胰岛素敏感性的影响

将单纯性肥胖患者分成两组，在生活方式干预基础上，治疗组口服二甲双胍，对照组给予安慰剂，观察3个月。观察两组治疗前后体质量（BW）、腰围（WC）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、甘油三酯（TG）、体质量指数（BMI）、胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）变化。结果显示，与对照组比较，治疗组BMI、WC、BW、FPG、FINS、TG、TC明显下降（P〈0．05），ISI明显升高（P〈0.01）。认为生活方式干预可减轻单纯性肥胖患者的BW，减小BMI；加用二甲双胍能缩小WC，减轻胰岛素抵抗，改善血脂异常。二甲双胍可用于单纯性肥胖的治疗。     

吡格列酮治疗2型糖尿病临床观察

将口服磺脲类降糖药血糖控制不满意的2型糖尿病患者96例随机分为治疗组和对照组各48例,治疗组在磺脲类降糖药物的基础上加服吡格列酮30mg,1次／Et,对照组加服二甲双胍0．5g,3次／日,疗程均为3月,比较治疗前后两组的空腹血糖（FPG）,餐后2h血糖（2hPG）,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）,空腹胰岛素（FINS）,餐后2h胰岛素（2hINS）,稳态胰岛素评价指数（HOMA-IR）,体重指数（BMI）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）,甘油三脂（TG）,总胆固醇（TC）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）的变化。结果两组治疗前FPG,2hPG,HbA1C,FINS,2hINS,HOMA—IR,BMI,TG,TC差异无统计学意义,治疗后与治疗前比较,两组FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,2hINS,HOMA—IR,BMI,LDL-C,TG,TC均显著降低,差异有统计学意义;而治疗组与对照组相比,FPG,2hPG,HbA．C,FINS,2hlNS,HOMA—IR,LDL—C,TG降低更为明显,并有HDL—C升高,差异有统计学意义。结论吡格列酮治疗2型糖尿病不但能改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖,还能改善脂质代谢紊乱,延缓糖尿病的发展及降低发生血管并发症的危险,从而改善患者的远期预后,治疗过程中无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

不同性别2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨江苏省成人2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）与代谢综合征（MS）组分的相关性。方法测定T2DM患者（男438例,女300例）的GGT、血脂、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血压、腰围等。结果①随着GGT四分位数的升高,男、女2组的体质量指数（BMI）、三酰甘油（TG）、FINS及稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗（HOMA—IR）指数升高;②男性组的GGT与腰围、BMI、舒张压（DBP）、TG、总胆固醇（TC）、FINS及MS组分数呈正相关,女性组的GGT与TG呈正相关（P均〈0．01）;③男、女性组GGT与HOMA—IR呈正相关（P均〈0．05）;④线性回归模型的结果显示,男性组中GGT水平主要受腰围及TG水平的影响,女性组中GGT水平主要受TG水平的影响。结论T2DM患者血清GGT与胰岛素抵抗及MS组分相关,同时在MS各组分中,GGT与TG水平最具相关性,提示GGT可能与肝脏胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

老年睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea／hyponea syndrome,OSAHS）胰岛素抵抗和脂联素水平的相关性。方法2008年9月至11月在华山医院老年科因打鼾就诊的老年人共82例,根据多导睡眠图（polysomnography,PSG）结果分为单纯鼾症组（23例）和OSAHS组（59例）。测定空腹血搪（FBG）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）,空腹胰岛素（Fins）和脂联素（adiponectin,APN）,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin resistance．HOMA—IR）值。比较单纯鼾症组和OSAHS组的一般资料,代谢参数以及合并症（高血压、冠心病、高脂血症、脑血管疾病和糖尿病）的患病率;分析睡眠呼吸紊乱指标和APN及HOMA—IR等代谢指标的相关性。结果1．OSAHS组的体质指数（BMI）,腰罔和TG明显高于单纯鼾症组,HDL低于单纯鼾症组。高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病和脑血管疾病的患病率在OSAHS组升高。2．OSAHS组的FBG,Fins,HOMA—IR水平升高,APN降低。3．相关分析显示HOMA—IR与BMI,腰围,呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）,氧减饱和指数（ODI）,SaO2〈90％（％TST）呈正相关,与LSaO2呈负相关。4．相关分析显示APN与BMI,腰围,Fins,HOMA-IR呈负相关;与AHI,ODI,SaO2〈90％（％TST）呈负相关,与LSaO2呈正相关。结论本研究证实OSAHS患者肥胖、糖脂代谢紊乱和脑血管疾病的患病率高于对照组,胰岛素抵抗程度增高,APN水平降低。夜间间断性低氧和胰岛素抵抗及APN相关。     

老年代谢综合征患者血清游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨老年代谢综合征（MS）患者中血清游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的相关性。方法选取2009年1月至2010年6月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院老年科住院患者96例,年龄≥65岁。采用2005年国际糖尿病联盟提出的标准,分为MS组38例及非MS组58例,分别检测血清FFA、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）,用稳态模式（HOMAModel）公式计算HOMA—IR评估胰岛素抵抗。分别测各组体重、腰围、身高,计算体质指数（BMI）。结果1、MS组的身高、体重、腰围、BMI、FBG、FINS及HOMA—IR、TC、HDL—C、TG水平均高于非MS组（P〈0．01）,MS组的FFA水平高于非MS组（P〈0．01）;2、直线相关分析显示在MS组中FFA水平与FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关（P〈0．05）;3、多元逐步回归分析结果显示FFA与HOMA—IR独立相关（P〈0．05）。结论老年MS患者FFA升高,FFA水平与m存在相关性,FFA是老年MS患者IR的独立危险因素。     

SIRT1 mRNA在新诊断的2型糖尿病患者脂肪组织的表达及意义

目的探讨新诊断的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者脂肪组织SIRT1 mRNA表达水平及其与体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、血糖、血浆胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）关系。方法采用RT—PCR方法检测了40例对照组和40例T2DM患者脂肪组织SIRT1 mRNA水平,并分析了SIRT1水平与BMI、WHR、血脂、HbA1C、血糖、血浆胰岛素和HOMA—IR等的关系。结果新诊断的T2DM患者SIRT1 mRNA水平显著低于对照组（1．49±0．47VS1．12±0．32,P〈0．01）;线性相关分析表明,SIRT1与Fins、HOMA—IR呈显著负相关（r=-0．421,P〈0．01和r=-0．511,P〈0．01）。以SIRT1为因变量,年龄、WHR、BMI、TG、TC、LDL—C、HDL—C、HbA1C、FPG、Fins和HOMA—IR为自变量,进行多元线性逐步回归分析,结果表明HOMA—IR是影响SIRT1的独立相关因素。Logistic回归分析表明控制性别、年龄、WHR、BMI、TC、TG、HDL—C、LDL—C后,发现SIRT1与T2DM发病呈负相关,OR〈1。结论脂肪组织中SIRT1 mRNA水平的变化与IR和T2DM相关。     

代谢综合征患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶相关因素分析

目的探讨代谢综合征（MS）患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平的相关因素。方法调查402名我科患者及我院体检人群，入选对象均无大量饮酒及慢性肝病史。检测BMI、FPG、TG、TC、BP、Fins、ALT等，用HOMA—IR公式评估胰岛素抵抗（IR）程度。结果MS（n=189）组ALT水平明显高于正常对照组（n=213）（P〈0．01）。MS患者ALT水平与HOMA-IR及MS的组分（BMI、BP、TG和FPG）呈正相关（P〈0．05），控制BMI的影响后这种相关性仍然存在。以HOMA—IR为因变量，以性别、年龄、BMI、TC、TG、SBP、DBP和ALT为自变量，进行多元线性逐步回归分析，结果显示HOMA—IR与ALT、BMI及TG呈正相关（P均〈0．01）。结论MS患者血清ALT水平显著高于正常人群，它的升高与BMI、FPG、TG、BP及HOMA—IR关系密切。     

参苓组方对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素样生长因子1干预作用的研究

目的观察参苓组方对2型糖尿病（T2DM）大鼠胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）代谢途径的影响及胰岛素抵抗（IR）相关指标的改善作用。方法建立T2DM大鼠模型并分组,观察各组大鼠IGF-1、FPG、HbA1c、Fins、TG、TC的变化,比较胰岛素敏感性指数（IAI）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。结果参苓组方能升高T2DM大鼠IGF-1水平（P〈0．01）,降低FPG,HbA1c、Fins、TG、TC（P〈0．05）,使IAI升高,HOMA—IR下降（P〈0．05）。结论参苓组方能改善T2DM大鼠IR和IGF-1水平。     

Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population: An 8-year follow-up study

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in a Chinese population.METHODS: A total of 1948 adults from China was followed for 8 years. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD at baseline, and then the participants were followed for 8 years to investigate risk factors for the development of NAFLD.RESULTS: A total of 1948 participants were enrolled at baseline, of whom 691 were diagnosed with NAFLD. During the 8-year follow-up, 337 baseline NAFLD-free participants developed NAFLD. They had a greaterincrease in body mass index(BMI), serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a considerable decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 123 participants who had NAFLD at baseline lost NAFLD during the 8-year follow-up period. They had a greater decrease in BMI, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.CONCLUSION: NAFLD is prevalent in Chinese population with a rapidly increasing tendency. It can be reversed when patients lose their weight, control their hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and reduce the liver enzyme levels.     

Nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with Laron syndrome and GH gene deletion – Preliminary report

BACKGROUND: There is little information on the relationship between growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I (GH/IGF-I) deficiency or IGF-I treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) a disorder linked to obesity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the markedly obese patients with Laron syndrome (LS) and GH gene deletion have fatty livers. SUBJECTS: We studied 11 untreated adult patients with LS (5M, 6F), five girls with LS treated by IGF-I and five adult patients with GH gene deletion (3M, 3F), four previously treated by hGH in childhood. METHODS: Fatty liver was quantitatively evaluated by ultrasonography using a phase array US system (HITACHI 6500, Japan). Body adiposity was determined by DEXA, and insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR using the fasting serum glucose and insulin values. RESULTS: Six out of 11 adult patients with LS, two out of the five IGF-I treated girls with LS and three out of five adult hGH gene deletion patients were found to have NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). CONCLUSION: NAFLD is a frequent complication in untreated and treated congenital IGF-I deficiency. No correlation between NAFLD and age, sex, degree of obesity, blood lipids, or degree of insulin resistance was observed.     

瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系

目的 探讨瘦素受体基因多态性与非酒精性脂肪肝患者临床表型间的关系.方法 以非酒精性脂肪肝患者和正常对照人群为研究对象,应用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP),对167例中国人(包括85例非酒精性脂肪肝患者和82例正常对照)的瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg进行研究,同时进行临床参数的检测.结果 (1)非酒精性脂肪肝患者和正常对照组人群中Gln223Arg基因型频率和等位基因频率差异无显著性(P>0.05).(2)非酒精性脂肪肝男性患者中AA AG基因型者TC、BMI高于GG基因型(P<0.05).(3)进一步用Logistic回归分析发现:在非酒精性脂肪肝男性患者中该基因变异与TC相关(P=0.019).结论 非酒精性脂肪肝男性患者瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg多态性与TC水平相关.瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg可能参与非酒精性脂肪肝的脂质代谢.     

The effect of growth hormone replacement on serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and cholesterol precursors in adult growth hormone deficient patients

OBJECTIVE Adult patients with growth hormone deflciency are thought to be at higher risk of mortallty from cardiovascular disease. We therefore investlgated the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy on fasting serum concentrations of IIplds, lipoproteins and cholesterol precursors in adult growth hormone deficient patients. DESIGN Double-blind placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated to placebo or rhGH replacement therapy (0·018 Ulkglday for 1 month followed by 0·036 Ufkglday for 1 month). PATIENTS Eighteen patients with severe growth hormone deficiency. MEASUREMENTS Fasting lipid, lipoprotein and cholesterol precursors (lathosterol and mevalonic acid) were measured at baseline and after 2 months. RESULTS In the rhGH treated group there was a significant fall in serum cholesterol (P < 0·01) (6·44 ±0·49 to 5·71 ± 0·48 mmol/l), LDL cholesterol (P < 0·02) (4·29 ± 0·49 to 3·62 ± 0·44 mmol/l), LDL cholesterollHDL cholesterol ratio (P < 0·02) (3·99 · 0·62 to 3·26 ± 0·39), apollpo-protein B (P>0·01 (1·30 ± 0·11 to 1·15 ± 0·11 g/l) and mevalonic acid (P<0·05) (13·4 ±10·96 to 6·21 ± 1·91 μg/l). There were no significant changes In triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein (a) or lathosterol concentrations. In the GH treated group the rise in serum insulln was inversely correlated wlth the fall in cholesterol (P < 0·05), LDL cholesterol (P < 0·01) and apolipoproteln B (P < 0·01). There were no significant changes in any of the measured variables in the placebo group. CONCLUSION We conclude that GH may be involved in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and that rhGH replacement therapy of adult GHD patients is associated with beneficial changes in lipid and lipoprotein profiles. The reduction in mevalonic acid is consistent with up-regulation of hepatic LDL receptors caused by GH and this may explain the fall in LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations.     

Obesity is the only independent factor associated with ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional case-control study

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing interest in ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the ambulatory care setting. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and metabolic features of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients who had not consumed alcohol for at least the previous 3 months were matched with 100 controls by age and gender distribution. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional variables were compared between the ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients and the controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. RESULTS: The ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients had higher values on the anthropometric measurements than those of the controls. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), uric acid, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were higher in the ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients than those in the controls (p<0.001). The ASAT/ALAT ratio of the ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients was lower than that of the controls (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and pulse pressure were higher in the ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients than in the control subjects, while lipoprotein(a) was lower. There were no significant differences in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels or nutritional intake between patients and controls. Abnormal ASAT or ALAT, hypertriglyceridemia, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, silent myocardial ischemic pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG), impaired fasting glucose, and obesity were common among the ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients. The only independent factor associated with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD was obesity (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose, silent myocardial ischemic pattern of ECG, obesity, and abnormal liver tests in adults. Among these factors, obesity was the only independent factor associated with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD.     

老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并冠心病患者临床特点及危险因素分析*

目的 探讨老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者合并冠心病(CHD)的临床特点及危险因素。方法 2018年5月～2020年6月我院收治的186例老年NAFLD患者,接受冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析合并CHD的影响因素。结果 在186例老年NAFLD患者中,75例(40.3%)合并CHD;CHD组合并糖尿病、高血压、吸烟和空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)与非CHD组比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI超标、合并糖尿病、血清FPG、TC、TG和LDL-C水平均为老年NAFLD患者合并CHD的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论 老年NAFLD患者合并CHD发生率较高,并存在显著的独立危险因素,需做好针对性的筛查和防治,以减少CHD的发生,提高老年人生活质量。     

The Association of Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight/Obese Children

Background/Aim:

To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in overweight/obese children with clinical hepatomegaly and/or raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Patients and Methods:

Thirty-three overweight and obese children, aged 2-13 years, presenting with hepatomegaly and/or raised ALT, were studied for the prevalence of MS, IR and NAFLD. Laboratory analysis included fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and liver biochemical profile, in addition to liver ultrasound and liver biopsy.

Results:

Twenty patients (60.6%) were labeled with MS. IR was present in 16 (48.4%). Fifteen (44%) patients had biopsy-proven NAFLD. Patients with MS were more likely to have NAFLD by biopsy (P=0.001). Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, ALT, total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG, fasting insulin, and lower HDL-c compared to patients with normal liver histology (P< 0.05) and fitted more with the criteria of MS (80% vs. 44%). IR was significantly more common among NAFLD patients (73% vs. 28%).

Conclusion:

There is a close association between obesity, MS, IR and NAFLD. Obese children with clinical or biochemical hepatic abnormalities are prone to suffer from MS, IR and NAFLD.     

Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in aging: reversal of hypercholesterolemia by growth hormone treatment in old rats

Plasma cholesterol levels increase with age, as does the incidence of coronary heart disease. The mechanisms responsible for the age-related hypercholesterolemia are not well understood. An interesting hypothesis suggests that the relative deficiency in growth hormone (GH), which occurs with aging, contributes to the development of the age-related hypercholesterolemia, because GH has beneficial effects on cholesterol metabolism. In the present work, we tested this hypothesis by the administration of GH to normal rats of varying ages. Plasma lipids and hepatic cholesterol metabolism were characterized in 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. In 2-month-old rats, GH specifically stimulated the hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression in a dose-dependent way, both at the protein level and at the mRNA level. Concomitantly, plasma cholesterol increased by approximately 30% within the large high density lipoprotein and LDL fractions. In 12-month-old animals, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (C7alphaOH) activity was reduced, whereas hepatic LDL receptors and plasma total cholesterol were unchanged. GH treatment (1 mg. kg-1. d-1) normalized the activity of C7alphaOH and had effects on plasma cholesterol and LDL receptors similar to those seen in 2-month-old animals. In 18-month-old rats, plasma cholesterol was increased 2-fold, whereas hepatic LDL receptor expression and C7alphaOH activity were similar to those of the 12-month-old animals. Infusion of GH to 18-month-old rats had similar effects on hepatic C7alphaOH and LDL receptors as seen in 12-month-old rats. However, GH treatment strongly reduced the hypercholesterolemia in 18-month-old animals. We conclude that the age-dependent increase of plasma cholesterol in rats can be reversed by the administration of GH, presumably through the pleiotropic effects of this hormone on lipoprotein metabolism.     

Low dose continuously infused growth hormone results in increased lipoprotein(a) and decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in middle-aged men

OBJECTIVE Animal studies have shown that slight increases in basal GH concentrations may result in changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Such changes in GH secretion have been observed in physiological and pathophysiological states such as fasting, uncontrolled diabetes and during oestrogen treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of increases in basal plasma GH concentrations on lipoprotein concentrations. DESIGNS Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was given as a continuous subcutaneous infusion in a low dose (0.02 U/kg/day) in an open study. PATIENTS Eight middle-aged (42–59 years) overweight (body mass index: 26.1–33.8 kg/m²) but otherwise healthy men were studied over a period of 14 days. MEASUREMENTS Blood samples were obtained after an over-night fast before and after 2, 7 and 14 days of treatment. Plasma and serum were separated and used for subsequent measurements of hormone and lipoprotein concentrations. On days 0, 7 and 14 of treatment, post-heparin plasma was also obtained for determinations of plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities. In addition, a hyperinsuiinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp was performed on days 0 and 13 of the study. Fat biopsies from abdominal and gluteal fat depots were obtained for measurement of lipoprotein lipase activities on days 0 and 14 of the study. RESULTS Serum GH concentrations increased to a steady level of 2–4mU/l during treatment. Serum insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I) concentrations increased throughout the treatment period to twice the pretreatment levels. Plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations increased on day 2 of treatment. After 7 and 14 days of treatment blood glucose concentrations were not different from pretreatment levels, but plasma insulin concentrations were still elevated. Serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations had decreased after 7 and 14 days of treatment. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not affected, but very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased transiently at day 2 of treatment. Serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-l, apoB and apoE concentrations were not significantly affected. Serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations had increased by days 7 and 14 to 147 and 142% of pretreatment concentrations, respectively. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in post-heparin plasma, as well as abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activities, were not affected. There was no significant change in glucose disposal rate estimated from the glucose clamp studies. CONCLUSIONS A low dose infusion of GH results in marked changes in lipoprotein concentrations with a transient increase in VLDL cholesterol and thereafter in a decrease in LDL cholesterol. In addition, this low dose of GH resulted in marked increases in lipoprotein(a) concentrations. The observed effects of GH may partly involve changes in IGF-I and insulin secretion.     

Clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adult hypopituitary patients

BACKGROUND Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease have the feature of central obesity,insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, and there is increased prevalence of liver dysfunction consistent with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in this population. The causes of hypopituitarism in the reported studies varied and combined pituitary hormone deficiency including central diabetes insipidus is much common in this population. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the clinical characteristics and related factors with NAFLD and cirrhosis in Chinese adult hypopituitary/panhypopituitary patients.AIM To analyze the clinical characteristics of and related risk factors for NAFLD in Chinese adult hypopituitary patients.METHODS Adult Chinese patients with hypopituitarism and/or panhypopituitarism were enrolled at the Pituitary Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospitalbetween August 2012 and April 2018. According to abdominal ultrasonography,these patients were divided into an NAFLD(-) group and an NAFLD(+) group,and the latter was further divided into an NAFLD group and a cirrhotic group.The data, such as patient characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment, were extracted from medical records, and statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS A total of 36 male and 14 female adult Chinese patients with hypopituitarism were included in this retrospective study; 43(87.0%) of these patients exhibited growth hormone(GH) deficiency, and 39(78.3%) had diabetes insipidus. A total of 27(54.0%) patients were diagnosed with NAFLD, while seven patients were cirrhotic. No significant differences were noted in serum GH or insulin-like growth factor 1 among patients with cirrhosis, subjects with NAFLD, and those without NAFLD. However, plasma osmolality and serum sodium concentration of the cirrhotic patients were 314.9 mOsm/kgH2 O and 151.0 mmol/L,respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the NAFLD patients(P = 0.036 and 0.042, respectively). Overweight/obesity and insulin resistance were common metabolic disorders in this population. The body mass index(BMI)and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance parameters of the cirrhotic patients were 27.7 kg/m2 and 9.57, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the patients without NAFLD(P = 0.011 and0.044, respectively). A correlation analysis was performed, and fasting insulin concentration was positively associated with plasma osmolality in patients with NAFLD, after adjusting for gender, age, and BMI(r = 0.540, P = 0.046), but no correlation was noted in patients without NAFLD.CONCLUSION NAFLD is common in patients with hypopituitarism. Plasma osmolality and serum sodium levels of hypopituitary patients with cirrhosis are higher than those of subjects with NAFLD, and fasting insulin concentration is positively associated with plasma osmolality in patients with NAFLD, which suggests that hyperosmolality might be a contributor to the worsening of NAFLD in hypopituitary patients.