眼内炎病因学回顾性分析和玻璃体切割术的治疗作用

目的 探讨眼内炎的病因以及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床疗效。方法 对我院2001年1月～2003年1月收治的眼内炎患者共46例48眼进行回顾性分析，男35例37眼，女11例11眼，年龄2～59岁，平均37．4岁。除2例患者因眼内炎症过重行眼内容物摘除术外，其余患者均行玻璃体切割术。随访4～28个月，平均15．1个月。结果 因眼球穿通伤所致眼内炎30例32眼，内源性眼内炎7例7眼，白内障术后6例6眼，玻璃体切割术后1例1眼。不明原因2例2眼。经玻璃体切割术后视力均有不同程度提高。结论 眼球穿通伤是眼内炎的最主要原因，及早行玻璃体切割术对取得较好疗效具有重要作用。     

16例白内障术后眼内炎的治疗分析

目的探讨白内障术后眼内炎的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析16例（16只眼）经临床和/或微生物检查证实为白内障术后眼内炎患者的临床资料。结果 16只眼中10只眼（62.5%）行前段玻璃体切割联合玻璃体注药术,3只眼（18.75%）行前房冲洗和玻璃体注药术,3只眼（18.75%）单行玻璃体注药术。16只眼均保住眼球,最终视力〉0.05者9只眼（56.25%）。结论前段玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔注药可控制白内障术后眼内炎,保留部分有用视力。     

外因性化脓性眼内炎的病因和临床治疗分析

目的分析外因性化脓性眼内炎的病因构成及玻璃体注药和玻璃体切割术治疗的临床效果。方法对外因性化脓性眼内炎患者27例（28眼）的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并进行随访。结果眼球穿孔伤导致的眼内炎13眼，与白内障手术相关的眼内炎12眼，青光眼手术晚期滤泡感染2眼，玻璃体切割术后感染1眼。经玻璃体注药或联合玻璃体切割术治疗后，炎症控制眼球外形结构完整20眼，占71．43％，其中功能成功（视力≥0．02）18眼，占64．29％，均达脱盲（视力≥0．05）标准。结论眼球穿孔伤和白内障手术是目前导致外因性眼内炎的最主要原因，尽早行玻璃体注药或联合玻璃体切割术是治疗化脓性眼内炎的有效方法。     

玻璃体切割手术治疗化脓性眼内炎

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术治疗化脓性眼内炎的疗效。方法 对1999年6月～2003年2月在我院行玻璃体切割术的14例(14只眼)化脓性眼内炎患者进行回顾性分析。除眼内异物外，其余患者临床诊断化脓性眼内炎后均先采用保守治疗，密切观察1～2天无好转而行玻璃体切割手术。眼内炎的原因：眼球穿通伤13只眼，青光眼术后晚期滤过泡感染1只眼。玻璃体切割手术前先抽取前房及玻璃体腔内液体涂片及培养。采用标准三通道闭合式玻璃体切割手术，7只眼因前房积脓及晶状体前大量渗出和3只眼外伤性白内障影响手术而同时切除晶状体，8只联合巩膜环扎。缝合巩膜切口后玻璃体腔内注射罗氏芬2．5mg及地塞米松0．4mg。术后全身继续使用抗生素及激素1周。术后平均随访14．8个月(2～24个月)．结果 14只眼中术后视力提高12只眼(85．7％)，眼球保留13只眼(92．6％)。5只眼培养阳性。术后玻璃体腔内少量出血2只眼，无其它手术并发症。结论 玻璃体切割手术联合眼内注射抗生素治疗化脓性眼内炎疗效可靠。只要手术时机选择适当，大多数患者能保住眼球，恢复有用视力。     

硅油填充术在不伴有视网膜脱离外伤性感染性眼内炎的临床应用

目的：观察玻璃体切除联合眼内注药或硅油填充术对眼球穿通伤后合并感染性眼内炎不伴视网膜脱离的疗效。 方法：应用经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术，以联合眼内注药或硅油填充术分组治疗30只眼球穿通伤并发感染性眼内炎不伴有视网膜脱离患者，术后予以静脉、结膜下及眼药水途径给予抗感染抗炎治疗。 结果：玻璃体切除术后追踪随访3～12个月，2组30只眼细菌性感染全部控制，术后视力较术前视力有显著性提高，联合眼内注药组19只眼，其中4只眼（21．1％）发生视网膜脱离：联合硅油填充组11只眼，其中术后1只眼（9％）发生视网膜脱离。两组术后并发症发生率均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。 结论：玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术能有效控制炎症，稳定视网膜功能，对一些视网膜情况不佳或炎症难以控制的患者可以考虑术中应用硅油。     

玻璃体切割联合眼内注药治疗外源性真菌性眼内炎的远期疗效分析

目的 观察玻璃体切割及眼内注药治疗外源性真菌性眼内炎的远期疗效。方法 对11例(11只眼)确诊为真菌性眼内炎者采取玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔注药治疗，随访1～3年，观察其治疗效果。结果 11例中，有5只眼保存有用视力，眼前手动2只眼，光感1只眼，眼球萎缩2只眼，1只眼因术后疼痛行眼球摘除。结论 真菌性眼内炎的预后不佳，早期行玻璃体切割联合眼内注药，可拯救部分视力。     

玻璃体切割治疗白内障术后眼内炎疗效观察

目的探讨白内障术后眼内炎的临床特点及治疗方法。方法分析5例（5眼）白内障术后眼内炎的治疗方法。结果5眼白内障术后眼内炎经玻璃体切割术，并辅以全身及局部抗生素治疗，眼内炎症得到控制，视力得到不同程度改善。结论白内障术后眼内炎是白内障手术的严重并发症，玻璃体切割术联合玻璃体腔内注药是一种有效的治疗方法，把握手术时机可以最大限度挽救患者视力，保全眼球。     

眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎

目的 观察眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的临床特点。 方法 回顾分析我院行眼内窥镜引导下行彻底的玻璃体切割术的伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎连续20只眼的临床资料。其中，男18例，女2例。年龄5～79岁，平均年龄35.9岁。眼球穿通伤所致眼内炎16例，人工晶状体植入手术后眼内炎4例。手术前视力均≤数指，角膜均严重混浊。 手术中均制造玻璃体后脱离，尽量彻底切割虹膜前后渗出膜、基底部和睫状体平部的玻璃体以及睫状体膜。入院到手术治疗的时间中位数为1.5 d。手术后平均随访23个月。 结果 手术中取玻璃体样培养阳性者9例，占45%；6例取出眼内异物共7枚。手术中锯齿缘离断1处者2例，医源性视网膜裂孔1处和2处者各1例。手术后再次玻璃体内注药和玻璃体切割手术各2例。手术后视力≥0.05者10例，占50%。除1例视力下降低、3例视力无明显变化外，16例手术后视力有不同程度的提高，其中4例≥0.8。手术后11例角膜基本恢复清亮。9例硅油存留，其中2例眼压偏低，但均>5 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa ），1例高眼压，药物控制；局限性视网膜脱离和可疑视网膜脱离各1例，未再手术。9只硅油填充眼随访末期视力均≤数指，无硅油存留的11只眼中仅1只眼未达到0.05。无眼球丧失 。 结论 眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术为及时治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的安全、可靠的新选择。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：202-205）     

复杂性眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物的玻璃体手术治疗

目的　评价玻璃体手术治疗复杂性眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物的效果。方法　回顾性分析 1998年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月间应用玻璃体切割术、眼内异物取出术、外伤性白内障摘除术、眼内光凝、眼内充填术 ,部分病例结合巩膜外加压术等联合手术 ,治疗 5 9例 (6 3只眼 )复杂性眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物的临床资料。结果　 6 2只眼成功取出异物 ,成功率为 98.4 %。术后视力提高 4 8只眼 (76 .2 % ) ;不变 10只眼 (15 .9% ) ;下降 5只眼 (7.9% )。视力 >0 .0 2者 4 9只眼 (77.8% ) ,其中视力≥ 0 .1者 15只眼 ,最佳矫正视力 0 .8。术后有 16只眼视网膜脱离复位(72 .7% )。结论　玻璃体手术治疗可有效地取出复杂性眼内异物 ,提高术后视力     

蜡样芽孢杆菌性眼内炎临床治疗分析

目的探讨蜡样芽孢杆菌所致眼内炎的治疗方法。方法对2005至2008年我院确诊的5例（6只眼）外伤性蜡样芽孢杆菌性眼内炎,行角巩膜清创缝合＋晶状体玻璃体切除＋硅油充填术,联合广谱抗生素应用,回顾分析手术时间选择,药物应用对愈后的影响。结果 5例（6只眼）患者中,2只眼摘除眼球植入义眼,3只眼保留眼球者视力无光感,1只眼矫正视力0.1。结论对角巩膜穿通伤眼内异物合并感染者应行急诊晶状体玻璃体切除＋硅油充填术,眼内抗生素盥洗,术后广谱抗生素局部及全身应用,对蜡样芽孢杆菌性眼内炎治疗,应用万古霉素、氯林可、丁胺卡那霉素、环丙沙星等敏感药物,可提高治愈率。     

急症玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除、硅油填充手术治疗内源性眼内炎

目的 观察急症玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除、硅油填充手术治疗内源性眼内炎的效果.方法 对28例内源性眼内炎患者30只眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析.所有患者均无眼部外伤史和内眼手术史.就诊时无全身症状者21例;发热者3例;眼胀痛伴头痛者2例;腹部疼痛者2例.均进行最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、直接和间接检眼镜检查及眼B型超声检查后确诊.无发热、全身情况暂时稳定患者25只眼明确诊断后急症进行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除、硅油填充术治疗;全身情况不稳定同时有发热或腹痛患者5只眼经相关科室治疗后立即行玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除、硅油填充手术治疗.所有患者治疗前均常规抽取玻璃体积脓送细菌培养加药物敏感试验及真菌培养加药物敏感试验.手术后随访18～30个月,观察分析手术前后视力、眼压改善情况及眼球保留情况.结果 30只眼中,手术后炎症控制,保留眼球者28只眼,占93.3%;手术后玻璃体再次积脓,眼压不能控制,行眼内容剜除手术者2只眼,占6.7%.手术后1、18个月视力与手术前视力比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=19.87,32.44;P＜0.01).手术后眼压正常者24只眼,占80.0%;出现一过性眼压升高者6只眼,占20.0%.一过性高眼压者经治疗后眼压控制在正常范围,与手术前眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.43;P＜0.05).28份玻璃体标本中,培养结果阳性者12例,致病病原体检出率为42.9%.其中,细菌7例,占培养结果阳性者58.3%;真菌5例,占培养结果阳性者41.7%.28例患者中,合并肝胆系统感染者18例,占64.3%.结论 急症玻璃体切割联合晶状体切除、硅油填充手术是治疗内源性眼内炎的有效方法.     

Incidence and visual outcome of endophthalmitis associated with intraocular foreign bodies

Purpose To determine the risk factors and visual outcome of endophthalmitis associated with traumatic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal and its allied management. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained IOFB with associated endophthalmitis managed at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital over a 22 year period (1983 to 2004). Results There were 589 eyes of 565 patients (90.3% male; 9.7% female) which sustained ocular trauma and had retained IOFB that required management. Forty-four eyes (7.5%) developed clinical evidence of endophthalmitis at some point after trauma. From these 44 eyes, initial presenting visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or better was recorded in 8 eyes (18.1%) and the remaining 36 eyes (81.9%) had VA ranging from 20/400 to light perception. Eleven eyes (25%) underwent IOFB removal and repair within 24 hours after trauma while 33 eyes (75%) had similar procedures done 24 hours or more after trauma. Thirty-one eyes (70%) underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) at the time of removal of posteriorly located IOFBs. Definite positive cultures were obtained from 17 eyes (38.6%). Over a mean follow-up of 24.8 months, 21 eyes (47.7%) had improved VA, 6 eyes (13.6%) maintained presenting VA while 17 eyes (38.7%) had deterioration of their VA, including 10 eyes (22.7%) that were left with no light perception (NLP) vision. After the treatment of endophthalmitis, 20 eyes (45.4%) had VA of 20/200 or better at their last follow-up. Four eyes (12.9%) from the vitrectomy group (31 eyes) and 5 eyes (45.4%) from non-vitrectomy (11 eyes) group had final VA of NLP. Predictive factors for the good visual outcome included good initial presenting VA, early surgical intervention to remove IOFB (within 24 hours), and PPV. Predictors of poor visual outcome included IOFB removal 48 hours or later, posterior location and no PPV for the posteriorly located IOFB. Conclusions Delayed removal of IOFB following trauma may result in a significant increase in the development of clinical endophthalmitis. Other risk factors for poor visual outcome may include poor initial presenting VA, posterior location of IOFB and no vitrectomy at the time of IOFB removal.     

玻璃体切割手术联合眼内填充治疗重症眼内炎的疗效观察

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术联合眼内填充治疗重症眼内炎的临床效果.方法 回顾分析临床确诊为重症眼内炎的66例患者66只眼的临床资料.其中,外伤性重症眼内炎44例44只眼,内眼手术后重症眼内炎22例22只眼.所有患者均行玻璃体切割手术联合眼内填充治疗.66只患眼中,手术中摘除球内异物者19只眼,摘除晶状体者25只眼,摘除人工晶状体者6只眼,巩膜环扎者16只眼;行硅油填充者52只眼,行C3F8填充者14只眼.手术后随访时间2.0～25.0个月,平均随访时间7.9个月.对比分析手术前后视力和眼压变化情况.结果 所有患者炎症均得到控制,治疗有效率为59.10%.随访期间无眼内炎复发和视网膜脱离发生.66只患眼中,58只眼视力提高,占87.90%;5只眼视力不变,占7.60%;3只眼视力下降,占4.55%.手术后视力较手术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(x2=45.27,P＜0.05).手术后眼压较手术前增高,差异也有统计学意义(t=-3.23,P=0.02).结论 玻璃体切割手术联合眼内填充是治疗重症眼内炎的有效方法.     

二次玻璃体手术临床分析

目的 探讨第一次玻璃体手术失败原因,总结第二次玻璃体手术经验教训,以提高一次玻璃体手术治疗复杂视网膜脱离的成功率。 方法 回顾性分析我院453例玻璃体手术中65只眼行二次玻璃体手术的临床资料,侧重分析第一次手术失败的原因及第二次手术的治疗结果。 结果 术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR）复发,视网膜裂孔封闭不良,术中及术后出现并发症为第一次玻璃体手术失败的主要原因。第二次玻璃体手术后视网膜复位46只眼,占70.1%。术后视力增加31只眼,占47.7%;视力不变16只眼,占24.6%;视力减退18只眼,占27.7%。视力≥0.05者15只眼,占23.1%,最好视力0.4。随访39只眼,时间3～18个月,视网膜复位35只眼,占89.7%,视力≥0.05者26只眼,占40.0%,低眼压7只眼,占10.7%。 结论 彻底清除PVR,恢复视网膜活动度,选择合适封孔方式及眼内填充物,避免术中并发症是二次玻璃体手术成功的关键因素。 (中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:24-26)     

重症感染性眼内炎的手术时机选择

目的 探讨玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术治疗重症感染性眼内炎的疗效及手术时机.方法 62例急性重症感染性眼内炎患者62只眼纳入本研究.所有患者均经过最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、直接和(或)间接检眼镜及眼部B型超声检查后确诊,其中,外伤后44例44只眼,内眼手术后17例17只眼,内源性1例1只眼.分为确诊后立即手术组和药物治疗后再行手术组.后者均为患者拒绝立即手术治疗.立即手术组32例32只眼,药物治疗后再行手术组30例30只眼.两组患者治疗前均常规抽取玻璃体积脓送细菌培养加药物敏感试验及真菌培养加药物敏感试验.62份玻璃体送检标本中,培养结果阳性者19例,阳性率30.65%.手术均为玻璃体切割联合硅油填充.药物治疗者均全身应用广谱抗生素及糖皮质激素治疗.手术后随访6.0～26.0个月.通过分析两组患者手术前后视力、眼压变化、眼球保留情况,比较其治疗效果差异.结果 立即手术组所有患眼炎症均得到控制,保留眼球,手术后视力与手术前视力比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.372,P＜0.05);手术后眼压较手术前增高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.83,P＜0.05).药物治疗后再行手术组19只眼炎症得到控制,保留眼球,占63.33%,手术后视力与手术前视力比较.差异无统计学意义(x2=4.732,P=0.80);11只眼手术后眼球萎缩,摘除眼球,占36.67%.结论 玻璃体切割联合硅油填充手术是治疗重症感染性眼内炎的有效方法,确诊后立即行手术治疗是取得良好效果的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical timing of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade for severe infectious endophthalmitis. Methods Sixty-two patients (62 eyes)with endophthalmitis, diagnosed by the examinations of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, direct and (or) indirect ophthalmoscopy and ocular B-ultrasound. There are 44, 17 and 1 eyes with posttraumatic, postoperative and endogenous infectious endophthalmitis, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into the group A (32 eyes) and B (30eyes). The former was treated immediately by vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade after diagnosis, while the latter was treated by the same surgery after drug treatment depended on patients'choice. Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients before vitrectomy for bacterial, fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. 19/62 (30.65%) vitreous samples were positive for culture. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 26 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed. Results In group A, endophthalmitis was controlled in all eyes after surgery;the visual acuity and intraocular pressure improved significantly after surgery (χ2=43.72, 6.83; P＜0.05). In group B, endophthalmitis was controlled in 19/30 eyes (63.33%) after surgery; evisceration was performed on 11 eyes (36.67%) because of the atrophy of the eyeball. There was no significant difference of visual acuity before and after surgery. Conclusions Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade is an effective way to cure severe infected endophthalmitis. Performing the surgery immediately after the diagnosis is the key to achieve good effect.     

不同玻璃体腔填充物对玻璃体切除术治疗外源性眼内炎效果的影响

目的 分析应用玻璃体腔填充物硅油或全氟丙烷(C_3F_8),对玻璃体切除术治疗外源性眼内炎效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2000年5月至2008年3月玻璃体切除术治疗的外源性眼内炎66例66只眼,术中应用硅油(52只眼)或全氟丙烷(C_3F_8)(14只眼)作为玻璃体腔填充物.结果 硅油填充组52只眼中,48只眼视力提高(92.3%),34只眼(65.4%)术后视力≥0.05.C_3F_8填充组14只眼中,10只眼视力提高(71.4%),5只眼(35.7%)术后视力≥0.05.硅油填充组术后视力优于C_3F_8组(X~2=4.017,P<0.05).结论 玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术是治疗外源性眼内炎的有效方法,硅油优于C_3F_8.     

黄斑前膜手术治疗后的长期随诊观察

目的 观察黄斑前膜手术治疗后的长期效果，评价视力预后与黄斑水肿的关系。 方法 回顾分析22例经玻璃体切割手术剥离黄斑前膜手术治疗并随诊1年以上的黄斑前膜患者22只眼的临床资料。其中，特发性黄斑前膜17只眼，占77%；继发性黄斑前膜5只眼，占23% 。所有患眼治疗前后均进行视力、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影( FFA)以及光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查。视力采用5分记录，FFA、OCT检查按常规方法进行。治疗前手术眼平均视力为(4.25±0.36)，黄斑平均厚度为(499±114) μm；对侧眼视力正常，黄斑平均厚度(1 84±37) μm。黄斑前膜均经手术成功剥除，手术后随访 12～40个月，平均随访时间(23±8)个月。回顾分析时，采用线性回归分析的方法，着重对 比分析手术前后视力、眼底彩色照相、FFA以及OCT检查结果的相关关系以及手术并发症的发生情况。 结果 13只眼视力提高，占59％；6只眼视力不变，占27%；3只眼视力减退，占14％。平均视力提高到(4.57±0.31)，与治疗前视力比较，差异有统计学意义(t=3.40，P＜0.05)。末次随访视力≥4.5者15只眼，占66%。黄斑平均厚度降低 到(286±104) μm，与治疗前黄斑平均厚度比较，差异有统计学意义(t=8.33，P＜0.05)。但仍未恢复到对侧眼水平（t=4.68，P＜0.05）。排除手术后白内障加重未行手术治疗的患眼， 手术前后视力与黄斑水肿程度呈线性相关( r=-0.64, P=0.001；r=-0.58, P=0.01)。6只眼手术中剥膜后黄斑区少量点状出血，占27%；2只眼手术中视网膜周边发生裂孔，占9%。 5只眼手术后继发高眼压 ，占23%；1只眼出现黄斑裂孔，占5%；8只眼白内障加重，占36%。 结论 经玻璃体切割手术剥离黄斑前膜可以减轻黄斑水肿，提高视力，是治疗黄斑前膜的有效方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：206-209）     

Endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus species

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical settings, management, and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus species and to review in vitro effectiveness of antibiotics commonly used against Bacillus species. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Record review of all patients with endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus species treated at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1990 and July 1, 2007. Antibiotic sensitivities were conducted on 21 of 22 isolates. RESULTS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients met study inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 18 months. Clinical settings included open globe injury (18 eyes), endogenous (two eyes), delayed-onset bleb-associated (one eye), and acute-onset postoperative (one eye). Twelve (67%) of 18 patients with open globe injuries had intraocular foreign bodies. Presenting visual acuity (VA) was hand movements or better in 13 (59%) patients. Initial treatment included pars plana vitrectomy and injection of antibiotics in 14 eyes (64%), vitreous tap and injection of antibiotics in seven eyes (32%), and evisceration in one eye (5%). Four (18%) patients received additional doses of intravitreal antibiotics; 16 (73%) underwent secondary surgical procedures. Eight (36%) patients achieved a final VA of 20/400 or better and four (18%) achieved a final VA of 20/60 or better. All patients received intraocular vancomycin and a cephalosporin or aminoglycoside. Systemic antibiotics were used in 18 (82%) patients. Fifteen (68%) isolates were Bacillus cereus. All isolates tested were sensitive to vancomycin, gentamicin, and five fluoroquinolones. Only three of 21 isolates were susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: Endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus species often results in poor visual outcomes. In vitro antibiotic sensitivities indicate that vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones were effective against Bacillus isolates, whereas cephalosporins were relatively ineffective.     

伴有严重全身疾病的玻璃体切割手术患者围手术期处理及疗效

目的 评价伴有严重全身疾病的玻璃体切割手术患者围手术期处理效果及手术疗效.方法 对伴有严重全身疾病的玻璃体切割手术患者21例22只眼的临床资料进行回顾分析.增生型糖尿病视网膜病变11例12只眼,孔源性视网膜脱离9例9只眼,人工晶状体脱位1例1只眼.手术前视力手动～0.6.全身疾病包括肾功能不全行肾透析4例,心肌梗死或冠状动脉狭窄行心脏搭桥或冠状动脉支架植入手术7例,严重心律失常行心脏起搏器植入或心脏射频消融手术2例,脑梗死5例,血友病2例,再生障碍性贫血1例.心肌梗死或冠状动脉狭窄患者手术前7 d停用抗凝药物,改用低分子肝素.肾功能不全患者手术前1 d肾透析时使用0.4 ml低分子肝素,手术后使用鱼精蛋白中和肝素.乙型血友病患者手术前1 d输注凝血酶原复合物,手术后连续5 d输注凝血酶原复合物.手术中行白内障超声乳化6例6只眼,睫状沟人工晶状体缝线固定复位手术1例1只眼.手术中硅油填充14例14只眼,C3F8填充5例6只眼,无填充物2例2只眼.结果 手术后视力为光感～1.0.其中,视力提高18例19只眼,不变2例2只眼,下降1例1只眼.所有患眼视网膜复位.手术后并发症包括前房少量出血4例4只跟,前房大量出血1例1只眼,视网膜表面少量出血2例2只眼,视盘表面少量出血2例3只眼,暂时性高眼压1例1只眼,新生血管性青光眼1例1只眼.手术后1周内血肌酐升高1例,血压升高1例,其余患者未出现原有全身疾病加重的情况.结论 严重全身疾病不是玻璃体切割手术的绝对禁忌症.只要围手术期积极控制全身疾病,玻璃体切割手术可顺利进行,并取得较好效果.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative management for vitrectomy of patients with severe systemic disease. Methods The clinical data of 21 patients (22 eyes) with severe systemic disease who underwent vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 patients (12 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 9 patients (9 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and 1 patient (1 eye) with intraocular lens dislocation. The preoperative visual acuity ranged from hand movement to 0.6.There were 4 patients (5 eyes) with renal insufficiency undergoing renal dialysis, 7 patients (7 eyes) with myocardtal infarction or coronary artery stenosis received cardiac bypass surgery or coronary stent implantation, 2 patients (2 eyes) with severe arrhythmia received cardiac pacemaker implantation or radiofrequency catheter ablation, 5 patients (5 eyes) with cerebral infarction, 2 patients (2 eyes) with hemophilia, and 1 patient (1 eye) with aplastic anemia. For patients with cardiac bypass surgery or coronary stent implantation, anticoagulants were switch to low molecular heparin at 7 days before vitrectomy. For patients undergoing renal dialysis, 0.4 ml low molecular heparin was used during renal dialysis at one day before vitrectomy, protamine and heparin were administered after vitrectomy. Prothrombin complex was infused from 1 day before surgery to 5 days after surgery for Hemophilia B patients. 6 patients (6 eyes)underwent phacoemulsification, and 1 patient (1 eye) underwent ciliary sulcus fixed intraocular lens implantation. 14 patients (14 eyes) underwent silicone oil tamponade, 5 patients (6 eyes) underwent C3F8tamponade. Results The postoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to 1.0. The vision increased in 18 patients (19 eyes), unchanged in 2 patients (2 eyes), and decreased in 1 patient (1 eye).The retina attached in all eyes postoperatively. The postoperative complications mainly included mild anterior chamber bleeding in 4 patients (4 eyes), severe anterior chamber bleeding in 1 patient (1 eye) , mild retinal hemorrhage in 2 patients (2 eyes), optic disc bleeding in 2 patients (3 eyes), temporary elevation of intraocular pressure in 1 patient (1 eye), and neovascular glaucoma in 1 patient (1 eye). Serum creatinine increased in 1 patient and hypertension in 1 patient within 1 week postoperatively. Conclusions Severe systemic disease is not an absolute contraindication for vitrectomy. Vitrectomy can be successfully performed with better outcomes under the proper perioperative management of systemic disease.