多波长激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变临床观察

目的探讨多波长激光光凝对糖尿病性视网膜病变的疗效。方法30例（52只眼）糖尿病性视网膜病变行荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及黄斑区相干光断层扫描（OCT）,对重度非增生性及增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变分别进行绿光、黄光、红光激光光凝。黄斑水肿患者同时行黄斑格栅光凝,分4次进行泛视网膜光凝。光凝后观察视力、黄斑中心凹厚度及FFA情况。结果随访6个月,35只眼视力不同程度提高,14只眼视力维持激光治疗前的水平,3只眼因黄斑水肿加重视力下降,激光治疗前OCT显示黄斑部中央凹平均厚度为（430．35±98．53）μm,治疗后6个月平均厚度（178．48±42．56）μm。结论多波长激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变能有效提高或保存患眼视功能。     

氪离子激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的观察氪离子激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的效果。方法荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)确诊为III～V期DR96例(184只眼),术前查视力、裂隙灯、眼底和FFA,根据病变部位、性质、屈光介质情况选择不同波长激光进行全视网膜光凝(PRP),术后随访6～36个月。结果治疗后184只眼视力提高60只眼,占32.61%;视力无变化90只眼,占48.91%;视力下降34只眼,占18.48%。结论氪离子激光治疗可提高或保护DR患者的视功能。     

氪激光治疗视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的探讨氪激光治疗视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法对20例(25只眼)视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变患者使用氪激光行超全视网膜光凝治疔。光凝术后3、6、12个月分别行荧光素眼底血管造影检查,新生血管如未完全消退则追加光凝。随访3～20个月(平均9.5个月)。结果超全视网膜光凝术后视力提高者12只眼(48.0%),视力不变者12只眼(48.0%),视力下降者1只眼(2.0%);19只眼(76.0%)新生血管消退或部分消退,6只眼(24.0%)新生血管无变化或加重。16只眼(61.5%)需要补充光凝。平均激光量为2600点。结论视盘新生血管型糖尿病视网膜病变较常规治疗需要更大的激光量,光凝术后应定期随访观察,必要时补充光凝。     

氪黄激光治疗黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的 探讨氪黄激光治疗视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 对60例(75只眼)视网膜血管病所致黄斑水肿患者行氪黄激光光凝治疗,局限性水肿行微血管瘤或扩张的毛细血管直接光凝.弥漫性水肿行C形格栅或环形格栅光凝.术后1、3、6个月、1年复查视力和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA).结果 光凝后视力提高2行以上者14只眼,占18.7%,下降2行以上者6只眼,占8%,视力不变者55只眼,占73.3%.复查FFA:显示毛细血管无灌注基本消失,血管渗漏基本消失,新生血管萎缩,黄斑水肿减轻者41只眼,占77.4%,新生血管无消退迹象者5只眼,占9.4%.结论 根据黄斑水肿范围、类型选择激光参数,并随时核对黄斑中心凹的位置,可使黄斑水肿的光凝安全、有效.     

相干光断层扫描对532nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的评价使用相干光断层扫描（OCT）对532 nm激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效进行观察的有效性。方法对糖尿病性有临床意义的黄斑部水肿病例46例（61只眼）,给予532 nm激光黄斑格栅样光凝、局灶光凝以及全视网膜光凝,在治疗前、治疗后3个月分别进行裸眼视力、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影及OCT黄斑区视网膜厚度及视网膜容积等检查。比较光凝前后黄斑区视网膜厚度和视网膜容积的变化。结果在46例（61只眼）中,41只眼视力提高,17只眼不变,所有患者荧光素眼底血管造影显示黄斑区荧光渗漏不同程度减轻或消失,OCT显示光凝治疗前黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮厚度为（354.7±93.2）μm,光凝3个月后为（203.5±49.6）μm（P〈0.05）,光凝治疗前黄斑区6 mm直径神经上皮总体容积为（8.32±0.53）mm3,光凝3个月后为（7.24±0.41）mm3（P〈0.05）。结论 OCT可以对糖尿病性黄斑水肿进行定量的诊断,并且可以对激光光凝治疗后黄斑水肿的消退进行准确的测量和评价。     

氪黄绿激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效分析

目的：研究氪黄绿激光全视网膜光凝术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法：根据眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）的结果。用氪黄绿激光全视网膜光凝术治疗1998年3月至2001年1月在我中心确诊为糖尿病视网膜病变的患者212例330眼,轻度白内障95眼,轻度白内障伴玻璃体混浊76眼,随访视力、眼底,FFA。结果：视力增进62眼占18.8%;视力无变化167眼占50.9%;视力下降101眼占30.6%,FFA结果有效246眼,有效率74.5%,需补充光凝78眼,4眼光弹簧过程中眼底出血,改行玻璃体切割手术。结论：氪黄绿激光全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变不仅对屈光间质清晰者效果好,而且对屈光间质轻度混浊的病例效果也较满意。     

氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿

目的：评价氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法：用氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿共34例（48眼）,氪黄激光波长568nm,对黄斑区局部水肿采用局部光凝,弥漫性水肿采用C形格栅状光凝,光凝距黄斑中心小凹300um,避开视盘黄斑束,功率60～20mw,光斑直径100um,曝光时间0.1s,光凝68～189点,光斑反应I-Ⅱ级。术后平均随访10个月。结果：术后视力提高者33眼（68.8%）,不变者13眼（27.1%）,下降者2眼（4.2%）。光凝后黄斑水肿完全消退者15眼（31.3%）,部分消退者28眼（58.3%）,不变者5眼（10.4%）。无明显并发症。结论：氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿安全、有效。     

氪激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的新生血管

目的探讨氪激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的方法和疗效 。方法对27例视网膜静脉阻塞伴有新生血管的28只患 眼采用氪绿、氪红激光进行光凝治疗。光凝后经6个月～2．５年随访,对比分析光凝前后的 荧光素眼底血管造影及视力变化情况。结果新生血管 萎缩20只眼,占71.4％,好转6只眼,占21.4%,无效2只眼,占7.2%。 视力进步17只眼,占60.7%。结论氪激光光凝术对视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的消退及预防其玻璃体积血具有显著疗效。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:12-14)     

早期和晚期激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效比较

目的:比较早期行氪激光视网膜光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞和晚期激光治疗的疗效.方法:视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者125例125眼分为早期治疗组68例68眼和晚期治疗组57例57眼,初诊时行视力、眼压、眼底、FFA和OCT检查.早期组在初诊时行氪激光光凝治疗:除出血区行氪红激光和波及黄斑区行氪黄激光,其余行氪绿激光,激光术后给予球后注射曲安奈德40mg.晚期组在初诊时口服沃丽汀、维生素C和安多明等药物,若病变波及黄斑区引起黄斑水肿者行球后注射曲安奈德40mg.1,3,6,12mo行复诊,复诊时行视力、眼压、眼底、FFA和OCT检查.若FFA检查发现晚期组视网膜出现毛细血管无灌注区行氪激光光凝治疗.随访时间为1a.结果:早期组68眼中视力提高49眼(72.1%),视力稳定16眼(23.5%),视力下降3眼(4.4%);晚期组57眼中视力提高35眼(61.4%),视力稳定8眼(14.0%),视力下降14眼(24.6%).FFA和OCT检查发现早期组黄斑水肿消失或减轻的时间比晚期组明显缩短,视网膜出血吸收的时间也比晚期组缩短.早期组中没有1眼发生黄斑囊样变性、黄斑裂孔和玻璃体出血,晚期组中有14眼发生黄斑囊样变性或黄斑裂孔,有9眼发生玻璃体出血导致视力显著下降.结论:早期行氪激光视网膜光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效明显优于晚期激光治疗,早期治疗能最大限度保存和提高患者的视力.早期行激光治疗未发现明显的不良反应,是安全有效的方法.     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德联合激光治疗视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞黄斑水肿

目的:观察玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(triamcinolone ace-tonide,TA)联合激光治疗视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法:将经过视力、眼压、眼底检查、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊的164例164眼视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿患者纳入治疗。男90例90眼,女74例74眼,年龄20～80(平均59.7)岁。矫正视力0.02～0.6,logMAR视力为0.778±0.347。病程3d～2a。平均眼压15.22mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。FFA检查黄斑区晚期均有荧光素蓄积;OCT示平均黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度442.41±74.07μm。表面麻醉下给予4mgTA玻璃体腔注射,2wk后进行黄斑区光凝治疗。治疗后第1,3,6mo随访。结果:164例患者治疗后1,3,6mo的平均logMAR最佳矫正视力(BCVA)分别提高至0.49±0.34,0.44±0.34,0.43±0.33,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义。治疗后6mo视力提高135眼(82.3%),其中视力提高≥2者103眼(62.8%);治疗后1,3,6moFFA检查黄斑区晚期荧光素蓄积均有减轻或消失,治疗后1,3,6mo,OCT检查平均黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为253.99±63.99μm,239.84±53.74μm,234.55±51.32μm;与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义。治疗后6mo,黄斑水肿改善者147眼(89.6%)。玻璃体腔注药后3d之内有4眼发生假性眼内炎,观察及治疗后恢复至可行激光治疗,治疗后3mo时有11眼眼压高于正常,用药后均恢复至正常范围。结论:玻璃体腔注射TA联合激光治疗视网膜黄斑分支静脉阻塞引起的黄斑水肿疗效较好,明显提高视力,改善视功能,促使黄斑水肿消退或减轻。     

白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后的糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗

目的:观察白内障人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的氩激光光凝治疗效果及光凝后的远期效果,探讨光凝治疗的时机及影响光凝的因素.方法:采用Zeiss Visulas氩离子眼科激光治疗仪对36例58眼的光凝术方法及治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果:42眼行广泛视网膜光凝术,16眼行局部视网膜光凝术,其中6眼伴有人工晶状体后囊混浊,先期行Nd:YAG激光切开后囊膜.24眼视力提高1～2行,占42%,其中BDR 16眼,PPDR 8眼;28眼视力无变化,占48%,其中PP-DR24眼,PDR 4眼;6眼视力下降,占10%,均为PDR.3mo后行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,新生血管大部萎缩,视网膜水肿消退.结论:适时的白内障摘除联合IOL植入,合理及时的激光治疗,是控制糖尿病患者眼底病变继续恶化的重要手段.FFA是进行正确有效激光治疗的重要参考依据,而放置大直径IOL又是完善眼底激光治疗的先决条件.     

白内障人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病性视网膜病变的激光治疗

目的探讨白内障人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病性视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy．DR）激光光凝治疗的时机及疗效。方法对48例（82眼）行白内障人工晶状体植入术后的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者,在眼底荧光素血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）的指导下,采用Zeiss Visulas532s眼科激光治疗仪予以早期激光光凝。82眼中．65眼行全视网膜光凝（pan—retinal photocoagulation,PRP）治疗,17眼行局部视网膜光凝术,其中12眼黄斑区还行格栅样光凝。术后随访6～18个月,观察其视力、黄斑水肿情况及并发症。结果经光凝治疗后,22眼（26．8％）视力提高,51眼（62．2％1视力无变化,9眼（11．0％）视力下降。在31眼黄斑水肿中,9眼（29．0％）黄斑水肿消退,14眼（45．2％）黄斑水肿部分吸收．8眼（25．8％）黄斑水肿不变,无光凝并发症。结论适时的白内障人工晶状体植入,以及术后早期合理的激光光凝能有效地控制DR的进展,稳定视力。FFA检查是进行正确、有效的激光光凝治疗的重要参考依据。     

非超声乳化小切口白内障术后糖尿病视网膜病变的激光治疗

目的:探讨非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病视网膜病变激光治疗的时机及效果。方法:对41例68眼行非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术后的糖尿病视网膜病变患者在眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)指导下早期予以激光光凝。结果:光凝治疗后41例68眼术后随访均满1a,其中视力提高19眼(28%);视力不变40眼(59%);视力下降9眼(13%),总有效率为87%。由于先处理已存在的黄斑水肿,未见全视网膜光凝术后黄斑水肿加重。结论:适时的白内障非超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术后合理及时的进行激光光凝,能有效的控制糖尿病视网膜病变的进展,稳定视力。FFA是进行正确有效激光重要参考依据。     

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in eyes with inactive and active proliferative diabetic retinopathy

We reviewed the records of 2,100 consecutive eyes that had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation between January 1981 and December 1989. Of these eyes, 21 had inactive and four had active proliferative diabetic retinopathy at the time of cataract extraction. Twenty-one eyes with inactive proliferative diabetic retinopathy received extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and four eyes with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy had both extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy with endophotocoagulation. The mean follow-up period was 27 months. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 12 of 25 eyes (48%). Of 25 eyes, five (20%) showed progression of the retinopathy after the operation, and two (8%) developed macular edema. Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was well tolerated in most eyes.     

白内障术后糖尿病视网膜病变的激光时机及疗效分析

目的：观察白内障超声乳化及非超声乳化小切口摘出人工晶状体植入术后糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的光凝治疗效果,进一步探讨光凝治疗的时机及影响光凝的因素。方法：对60例108眼行超声乳化或非超声乳化小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后的糖尿病视网膜病变患者在眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）指导下根据DR分期,早期予局限性视网膜光凝、格栅样光凝或标准全视网膜光凝治疗。结果：术后随诊1a,所有患者视力提高30眼（27.8%）,视力不变71眼（65.7%）,视力下降7眼（6.5%）,光凝术后FFA随访检查显示,视网膜水肿消退,新生血管大部分萎缩,出血、渗出部分吸收,18例合并有黄斑水肿眼光凝术后完全消退。结论：白内障术后合理及时的进行氩激光视网膜光凝治疗,能有效控制糖尿病视网膜病变的进展,对于改善糖尿病视网膜病变的视功能,稳定视力有重要作用。     

玻璃体切除联合白内障手术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的探讨玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变23例（26眼）。行玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的临床资料,观察术后视力改善程度及术中术后并发症。结果术后随访7—24个月,平均12．8个月。术后矫正视力较术前提高者20眼（76．92％）;视力不变者5眼（19．23％）;视力下降者1眼（3．85％）。术中未见严重并发症。术后主要并发症有角膜上皮水肿7眼（26．92％）,前房炎性反应6眼（23．08％）,玻璃体再积血3眼（11．54％）,复发性视网膜脱离2眼（7．69％）,后发性白内障8眼（30．77％）,术后虹膜后粘连4眼（15．38％）。术后15眼需补充眼内激光光凝。结论玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术治疗合并白内障的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变,可使大多数患眼视力改善,并发症少,手术安全有效。     

Comparative study of postoperative complications in primary and secondary implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in cataract surgery for diabetic patients]

Postoperative complications of diabetic cataract cases with active stage diabetic retinopathy, which underwent simultaneous extracapsular lens extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation in 84 eyes, ECCE only in 38 eyes and secondary implantation of PC-IOL after ECCE in 23 eyes, were studied. In the eyes of the primary PC-IOL implantation group, fibrous response in 35 eyes (42%), posterior iris synechia in 10 eyes (12%), progression of diabetic retinopathy in 13 eyes (16%), after cataract in 11 eyes (13%), pupil capture in 4 eyes (5%) and decentration of lens optics in 3 eyes (4%) were appeared, while in the ECCE only group, fibrous response in 11 eyes (29%), posterior iris synechia in 4 eyes (11%), after cataract in 11 eyes (29%), progression of diabetic retinopathy in 6 eyes (16%) were observed. On the other hand, in the secondary PC-IOL implantation group, only fibrous response was appeared in 1 eye (4%), Although PC-IOL implantation has been so far considered contraindication in cases with cataract combined with active stage retinopathy, the present studies strongly suggest that secondary PC-IOL implantation would be good indication in these cases whose blood sugar was properly controlled and the retinopathy was burned out by panretinal photocoagulation soon after ECCE.     

玻璃体切除联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨玻璃体切除联合白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术的临床效果。方法对16例(17眼)玻璃体视网膜疾病伴有明显的白内障者实施了此联合手术。先行常规白内障囊外摘出术或晶状体超声乳化术,再行标准三通道闭合式玻璃体切除术,最后植入人工晶状体。结果术后随访2月～3年,平均13月。16眼术后视力均有不同程度提高,1眼增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变术后2月因继发新生血管性青光眼,行广泛视网膜冷凝后视力下降。术后早期16例(17眼)均有不同程度的角膜后弹力层皱褶,术后7～10d消失。2例(2眼)术后有一过性眼压升高。1例(1眼)术后2月发生新生血管性青光眼。3例(3眼)术后后囊浑浊,未影响视力。结论此联合手术的临床效果良好,具有一定的优点,但应严格掌握适应证,并要求有熟练的手术技巧。     

Postoperative fibrinoid reaction in extracapsular surgery with intraocular lens implantation in diabetic retinopathy patients

IOL implantation in diabetic retinopathy patients is still controversial. To ascertain the frequency of inflammatory complications in diabetic patients and the influence of such surgery on the evolution and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, the authors have reviewed 198 consecutive diabetic eyes (120 operated patients) with extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The mean follow-up period was 26 months with a range from 19 to 36 months. Postoperative visual acuity was 0.45. The incidence of inflammatory reaction with fibrinoid component was 3.03% vs 2.5% in a matched control group. Intensive topical corticosteroid treatment was effective in controlling the inflammatory reaction in all cases within one to three days. The diabetic retinopathy did not show an increase in progression after IOL implantation but in one case with severe postoperative inflammatory reaction. Photocoagulation postoperatively was indicated in all cases, being effective in all but the case in which retinopathy got worse; this case required vitrectomy with endophotocoagulation because of vitreous haziness. Visual acuity improved following cataract surgery regardless of the incidence of inflammation or the type of diabetic retinopathy.     

Postoperative fibrinoid reaction in extracapsular surgery with intraocular lens implantation in diabetic retinopathy patients

IOL implantation in diabetic retinopathy patients is still controversial. To ascertain the frequency of inflammatory complications in diabetic patients and the influence of such surgery on the evolution and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, the authors have reviewed 198 consecutive diabetic eyes (120 operated patients) with extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

The mean follow-up period was 26 months with a range from 19 to 36 months. Postoperative visual acuity was 0.45. The incidence of inflammatory reaction with fibrinoid component was 3.03% vs 2.5% in a matched control group.

Intensive topical corticosteroid treatment was effective in controlling the inflammatory reaction in all cases within one to three days. The diabetic retinopathy did not show an increase in progression after IOL implantation but in one case with severe postoperative inflammatory reaction. Photocoagulation postoperatively was indicated in all cases, being effective in all but the case in which retinopathy got worse; this case required vitrectomy with endophotocoagulation because of vitreous haziness. Visual acuity improved following cataract surgery regardless of the incidence of inflammation or the type of diabetic retinopathy.