青光眼住院病人的构成及变化

目的 :了解青光眼住院病人的内部构成比变化 ,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法 :1996 7～ 2 0 0 2 6期间在本院住院的青光眼患者 5 2 2 2例 ,按出院诊断、性别、年龄分组 ,分析其内部构成及变化趋势。结果 :原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、皮质类固醇性青光眼、先天性青光眼、继发性青光眼各占青光眼总数的5 4 42 %、 2 1 73 %、 3 3 5 %、 6 3 2 %和 14 17%。急性闭角型青光眼的构成比 ( 2 2 5 4% )逐年下降 ,原发性开角型青光眼的构成比则逐年升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在原发性青光眼患者 (包括GIG)中 ,年龄大于 40岁的占 80 97% ,其中闭角型青光眼占82 0 9% ,年龄小于 40岁的 ,开角型青光眼占 89 62 %。闭角型青光眼患者男∶女 =1∶1 5 3 ,开角型青光眼患者男∶女 =2 5 5∶1;皮质类因醇性青光眼患者的年龄主要集中在 10～ 3 0岁 ,占 77 71%。结论 :闭角型青光眼仍然是我国青光眼的主要类型 ,但开角型青光眼的防治研究不能忽视 ,40岁以上的女性人群应特别注意闭角型青光眼的筛查 ,40岁以下的男性群体则是开角型青光眼防治的重点。     

5058例青光眼住院患者构成及相关因素分析

目的了解青光眼住院患者的类型构成、性别、年龄分布、变化特点及相关因素。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象住院的青光眼患者5058例。方法对邢台眼科医院2004年6月-2009年5月间住院的青光眼患者5058例进行统计学分析。主要指标青光眼的类型、年龄、性别及所占的百分比。结果5058例青光眼住院患者中,原发性青光眼、继发性青光眼和先天性青光眼各占青光眼总数的59．07％、37．92％和3．01％,其中原发性闭角型青光眼占原发性青光眼的88．65％,原发性开角型青光眼占11．35％。在原发性闭角型青光眼中,急性闭角青光眼占53．15％,慢性闭角型青光眼占46．85％;其中40岁以上女性占69．54％,男性26．95％。而原发性开角型青光眼患者中,40岁以上女性28．02％,男性占44．5％。2004年6月-2005年5月原发性青光眼住院患者中原发性开角型青光眼占11．32％,而于2008年6月-2009年5月间原发性开角型青光眼占12．44％,统计学检验无显著性差异。结论中原地区青光眼住院患者构成仍以原发性闭角型青光眼为主要类型,原发性开角型青光眼的构成仍然较低,可能与地域经济文化状况有关。     

青光眼住院患者的疾病构成及民族特点流行病学调查

目的:了解青光眼住院患者的病型构成、性别、年龄分布、族别(维吾尔族)及其变化特点,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法:选取2005-01/2010-01在本院眼科住院的青光眼手术患者2953例,根据出院诊断分为包括急性型与慢性型闭角型青光眼(PACG),原发性开角型青光眼(POAG),先天性青光眼(CG)和继发性青光眼(SG)。统计住院患者的年龄、性别、民族分布,分析其内部构成及变化趋势。结果:PACG,POAG,CG,SG各占青光眼总数的54.6%,15.2%,2.3%,27.9%。PACG的构成比逐年(63.1%～54.1%)下降,POAG的构成比在2007-01/2008-01达高峰(21.0%),CG的构成比平稳,SG的构成比(23.9%～33.5%)逐年增高;维吾尔族患者在闭角型青光眼中所占百分比逐年增高(23.0%～35.3%),在开角型青光眼中所占百分比亦逐年增高(7.9%～26.7%),在CG中所占百分比波动较大,在SG中所占百分比平稳。<40岁的维吾尔族男性患者在闭角型、开角型青光眼中,所占百分比逐年增高,<40岁的维吾尔族女性患者开角型青光眼中,所占百分比逐年增高,在闭角型青光眼中,所占百分比有下降趋势;≥40岁的维吾尔族女性患者在闭角型青光眼中,所占百分比逐年增高。结论:闭角型青光眼仍然是我国青光眼的主要类型,SG的防治研究不容忽视,在新疆维吾尔族住院患者的青光眼构成比逐渐增加,≥40岁的维吾尔族女性人群应特别注意闭角型青光眼的筛查,但开角型青光眼的防治研究不能忽视,<40岁的维吾尔族男、女性群体均是开角型青光眼防治的重点。     

抚顺市眼病医院住院患者青光眼类型构成和视力损害

目的 了解抚顺市眼病医院住院患者的青光眼类型构成和视力损害情况.设计以医院为基础的回顾性调查.研究对象 2001年～2005年抚顺市眼病医院住院青光眼患者1428例.方法 参照全国青光眼学组1987年推荐标准对住院青光眼患者进行分类,按照世界卫生组织定义的盲与低视力的标准分析各类青光眼的视力损害情况.主要指标青光眼类型构成比,青光眼的致肓和致低视力的发生率.结果 1428例患者中,男性515例,女913例,平均年龄(63.5 11.5)岁.其中,原发性青光眼1183例(82.8%),继发性青光眼243例(17.0%),先天性青光眼2例(0.1%%).原发性青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼920例(77.8%),慢性闭角型青光眼225例(19.0%),开角型青光眼38例(3.2%).原发性青光眼中双眼盲54例,占4.6%(54/1183),其中急性闭角型青光眼致肓占68.5%(37/54),慢性闭角型青光眼致盲27.8%(15/54),原发性开角型青光眼致盲3.7%(2/54.),单眼盲220例(18.6%,220/1183),其中急性闭角型青光眼致盲153例69.5%(153/220),慢性闭角型青光眼致肓26.8%(59/220),原发性开角型青光眼致盲3.6%(8/220).结论 以医院为基础的闭角型青光眼的调查表明,原发性闭角型青光眼是抚顺地区住院青光眼患者中的主要类型,而住院闭角型青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼居多且视力损害严重,如能加强和规范急性闭角型青光眼的早期防治和急诊处理,可大幅度降低青光眼的致盲率.(眼科,2008,17:113-116)     

青光眼住院病人5年构成及视力损害分析

目的 对邯郸市眼科医院青光眼的住院病人5年构成和视力损害情况进行分析.方法 对2001～2005年邯郸市眼科医院住院患者中不同类型青光眼进行回顾性分析.结果 962例患者中,男性320例,女642例,平均年龄(61.2±13.6)岁.其中,原发性青光眼794例(82.5%),继发性青光眼127例(13.30%),先天性青光眼13例(1.4%).原发性青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼424例(53.4%),慢性闭角型青光眼313例(37.4%),开角型青光眼57例(7.1%).原发性青光眼中双眼盲发生率7.9%(63/794),其中急性闭角型青光眼致盲、慢性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼所致分别占36.5%(23/63)、52.3%(33/63)、11.1%(7/63);低视力发生率16.8%(134/794),其中急性闭角型青光眼、慢性闭角型青光眼致盲和原发性开角型青光眼所致分别占46.2%(62/134)、30.6%(41/134)和8.9%(12/134).结论 原发性闭角型青光眼是邯郸地区住院青光眼患者中的主要类型,而住院闭角型青光眼中,急性闭角型青光眼居多且视力损害重,如能加强和规范急性闭角型青光眼的早期防治和急诊处理,可大幅度降低青光眼的致盲率.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市体检人群青光眼患病情况及相关因素分析

目的:探讨青光眼在限定人群患病情况、性别、年龄分布特点,为青光眼防治提供流行病资料。方法:2008-03/2008-08,对50岁及以上眼科体检人群,总计1743人进行青光眼调查。检查项目包括常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、周边前房深度、眼压及直接眼底镜检查。对可疑青光眼患者进一步详细检查眼压、前房角镜、视野检查及眼底检查。结果:体检人群中确诊为青光眼者36人,患病率为2.06%,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为:1.55%、0.40%和0.11%,男性青光眼患者的患病率为1.51%,女性为2.53%,女性青光眼患者明显高于男性,原发性闭角型青光眼明显高于原发性开角型青光眼,且各型青光眼患病率随年龄增长而增高。结论:50岁及以上体检人群青光眼患病率与既往青光眼流行病调查的患病率接近,且原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于原发性开角型青光眼患病率,女性原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于男性,与青光眼的流行病学调查结果亦接近。     

青光眼住院手术患者的构成及变化趋势分析

目的分析青光眼住院手术患者的内部构成比及其性别、年龄分布,为青光眼的防治研究提供流行病学参考。方法回顾分析浙江大学医学院附属第二医院眼科2001年1月至2008年12月期间青光眼住院手术患者资料,统计住院手术患者的年龄、性别分布及各种类型青光眼的构成比,分析其内部构成比及变化趋势。结果原发性青光眼、继发性青光眼和先天性青光眼患者数各占青光眼总数的61.82%、31.01%和7.16%。住院手术患者中,原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者男：女=1：2.05;原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者男：女=2.41：1;继发性青光眼（SG）患者男：女=1.94：1;先天性青光眼（CG）患者男：女=1.45：1。40岁以下原发性青光眼手术患者以POAG患者多于PACG,而40岁以上则相反。结论 PACG是青光眼住院手术患者的主要类型。40岁以上人群中,PACG可能是青光眼防治的重点,而40岁以下人群的防治重点则可能是POAG。     

原发性青光眼的统计分析

为了进一步了解我国原发性青光眼的发病情况，搞好防治工作，本文对1986年1月至1992年！2月在我院眼科住院，经过检查确诊的原发性青光眼的发病率、病型构成、发病年龄、眼别、性别等进行统计分析如下。统计结果一、发病率：7年间我院收住院各种眼病3981例，其中原发性青光眼226例，占5．68％。二、患病类型：急性闭角型青光眼155例，占68．58％；慢性闭角型青光眼55例，占24．34％；开角型青光眼16例，占708％。急性闭角型青光眼和慢性闭角型青光眼病的比例为2．82。1；开角型青光眼和闭角型青光眼病的比例为1：13．13。三、患病年龄：急性…     

原发性青光眼与遗传

原发性青光眼是一种比较常见的遗传性、致盲性眼病。然而,迄今对其遗传规律仍有争论。因此,进一步探索青光眼的遗传将有助于青光眼的防治。一、发病概况: 目前,多数作者将原发性青光眼分为原发性开角型青光眼与原发性闭角型青光眼两类,其发生随人种和地区而异。在西方国家,开角型青光眼的发生约是闭角型青光眼的5～6倍,占成年人青光眼的60～70%。在美国,90%的原发性青光眼属于开角型;而在我国,闭角型青光眼的发生却远多于开角型青光眼。根据上海第一医学院眼耳鼻喉科医院1977年9月～1981年5月住院青光眼病人的统计,开角型青光眼占12.66%,闭角型青光眼占87.34%。     

华西医院青光眼住院患者构成及其变化

目的:比较近年青光眼患者在青光眼类型、发病年龄和性别分布的差异,并与以往的资料作比较,以了解青光眼内部构成的变化趋势,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法:收集华西医院眼科2009-01/12所有青光眼住院患者病历共577例,根据出院诊断分为原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG),原发性开角型青光眼(POAG),先天性青光眼,继发性青光眼,并将其与1978-01/1981-12,以及2001-01/2002-12青光眼住院患者971例进行比较。结果:2009年间,原发性青光眼占当年青光眼住院患者总数的60.2%所占比例下降;POAG占原发性青光眼的27.4%,在原发性青光眼中的构成比有所上升;PACG中位数年龄为62.8,总体有所增大,POAG中位数年龄为48,无明显变化;POAG中女性患者比例增加;2009年继发性青光眼占当年青光眼住院患者总数的33.4%,比例显著较往年增加。结论:POAG在原发性青光眼中的构成比有所上升,继发性青光眼患者显著增加。     

青光眼住院病人的疾病构成特点

目的 探讨青光眼住院病人疾病构成的特点,为青光眼的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料.方法 选择2006年1月至2009年12月在眼科住院的青光眼患者1294例进行统计学分析.结果 原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)、原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)、继发性青光眼(SG)、先天性青光眼(CG)各占青光眼住院病人总数的72.95%、6.18%、19.94%和0.93%.四年来青光眼住院病人疾病构成无明显改变.结论 青光眼住院病人构成与其他研究结果不完全一致.原发性青光眼也是我院青光眼的主要类型,其中PACG占第1位,但POAG的构成仍然较低.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the characteristics of proportion in hospitalized patients with glaucoma.Methods Of 1294 cases in our Department of Ophthalmology from January 2006 to December 2009were included.Results 72.95% of the case were primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG),while 6.18%,19.94% and 0.93% of them were primary open angle glaucoma (POAG),secondary glaucoma (SG) and congenital glaucoma (CG) respectively.There were no change in proportion of hospitalized patients with glaucoma in our department.Conclusions Compared with the constitutive portions of hospitalized patients with glaucoma in other hospitals,the results are not all the same in our department.Primary glaucoma is also the main part,with PACG constituting the greatest part.However,POAG still constitute the small part.     

我院近7a住院军人青光眼患者的回顾性分析

目的：了解我院近7a住院军人青光眼患者的构成比、年龄、性别、职级、治疗方案及视功能情况。分析军人青光眼住院患者的患病特点。

方法：对我院2004-01/2010-12所有的军人青光眼住院病历资料进行分析。

结果：军人青光眼住院患者69例125眼中,原发性青光眼110眼(88.0%),继发性青光眼15眼(12.0%)。其中原发性闭角型青光眼56眼(44.8%),原发性开角型青光眼54眼(43.2%)。住院年龄及发病年龄均高发于61～70岁年龄段。男性比例(92.8%)远远高于女性(7.2%)。师职干部最多,为40.6%,战士仅占17.4%。治疗涉及手术干预60眼(48.0%)。双眼致盲率11.6%,单眼致盲率16.0%。

结论：军人青光眼住院患者中原发性开角型青光眼比例接近原发性闭角型青光眼,多为中老年,治疗方案个体化,致盲率高。与军队征兵体检制度、医疗保障水平等因素相关,呈现一定的军队特色。     

Profile of glaucoma in a major eye hospital in north India

PURPOSE: To study the clinical profile and distribution of various subtypes of glaucoma in a referral practice in North India. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was done of 2425 patients who attended the glaucoma clinic in a tertiary eye-care centre for five years from January 1995 to December 1999. A detailed history was obtained and a thorough examination was performed, including gonioscopy, disc assessment, applanation tonometry and automated perimetry. Diurnal variation of IOP and provocative tests for glaucoma were done where applicable. RESULT: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) was the most common glaucoma subtype. The primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) to the PACG ratio was 37:63. Chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) was the most common PACG subtype. The majority of CACG cases were relatively asymptomatic. Male dominance was seen for POAG, juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG), CACG, normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and secondary glaucomas. Female dominance was seen for ocular hypertension (OHT), acute or intermittent ACG and developmental glaucomas. The mean age in years at presentation was POAG:60.54 years (males 61.54 years, females 59.01 years) and PACG: 55.13 years (males 57.25 years, females 53.60). The three common secondary glaucomas were: glaucoma secondary to adherent leucoma, aphakic and pseudophakic glaucomas and traumatic glaucomas. Advanced glaucoma was detected in 42 to 53% of patients and bilateral blindness in 8 to 14% of patients in various subtypes. CONCLUSION: Compared to Caucasians, glaucoma patients in North India seem to present nearly a decade earlier and the disease is more advanced at presentation. While PACG is the most commonly encountered glaucoma, NTG and exfoliative glaucoma are relatively rare.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Five groups, each comprising 30 consecutive patients, diagnosed to have subacute PACG, acute PACG, chronic PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls were included in the present study. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, 90D fundus examination, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, visual field testing, A-scan biometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The anterior segment parameters recorded included: trabecular-iris angle, angle opening distance, trabecular ciliary process distance, and the iris thickness among other parameters. RESULTS: On ultrasound biomicroscopy the trabecular iris angle of control and POAG groups was more than all the subtypes of PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular iris angle of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P = 0.003) was more than acute PACG. Angle opening distance of controls and POAG group was significantly more than acute PACG and chronic PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular ciliary process distance of POAG group and controls was more than subacute PACG, acute PACG, and chronic PACG. The trabecular ciliary process distance of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P < 0.001) was more than acute PACG. Eyes with acute PACG had the least iris thickness at the three different positions tested. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle (trabecular iris angle) and the following parameters: trabecular ciliary process distance, angle opening distance, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma have a thinner iris with a shorter trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance, and trabecular ciliary process distance. The eyes with acute primary angle closure glaucoma have the narrowest angle recess.     

Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT 2) parameters in primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma: a comparative study in an Indian population

AIMS: To compare the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT 2) parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were recruited: group I comprised 78 eyes (78 patients) with POAG and group II 58 eyes (58 patients) with PACG. Based on visual field defects detected by automated perimetry, the groups were further classified into early, moderate, and severe glaucoma. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination as well as an HRT 2 examination. The HRT parameters for the two groups were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters calculated. RESULTS: All HRT parameters were similar in both groups: 85.9% (95% CI: 78.2, 93.6) of POAG and 81% (95% CI: 72.3, 89.3) of PACG had a positive F. S. Mikeleberg (FSM) discriminant function. Considering outside normal limits and borderline as abnormal, the Moorefield regression analysis had 83.3% (95% CI: 75, 91.6) sensitivity in POAG and 75.9% (95% CI: 64.9, 86.9) in PACG. In early POAG, the FSM discriminant function had a sensitivity of 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8, 88.8) compared to 58.3% (95% CI: 38.9, 77.7) for early PACG. The cup shape measure (p = 0.018) and the Moorfield regression analysis (p = 0.011) had significantly higher sensitivity for early POAG than for early PACG: cup shape measure sensitivity 62.9% (95% CI 46.9, 78.9) for early POAG versus 33.3% (95% CI: 14.4, 52.2) for early PACG and Moorefield regression analysis 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8, 88.8) versus 45.8% (95% CI: 39.9, 65.7). CONCLUSIONS: HRT has moderate sensitivity in the detection of damage leading to glaucomatous field defects. The sensitivity of HRT for early PACG appears to be less than that for early POAG. This may indicate a difference in pathophysiology.     

Glaucoma in a rural population of southern India: the Aravind comprehensive eye survey

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma and risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in a rural population of southern India. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5150 subjects aged 40 years and older from 50 clusters representative of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu in southern India. METHODS: All participants had a comprehensive eye examination at the base hospital, including visual acuity using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution illiterate E charts and refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, dilated fundus examinations, and automated central 24-2 full-threshold perimetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Definite primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was defined as angles open on gonioscopy and glaucomatous optic disc changes with matching visual field defects, whereas ocular hypertension was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg without glaucomatous optic disc damage and visual field defects in the presence of an open angle. Manifest primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was defined as glaucomatous optic disc damage or glaucomatous visual field defects with the anterior chamber angle partly or totally closed, appositional angle closure or synechiae in the angle, and absence of signs of secondary angle closure. Secondary glaucoma was defined as glaucomatous optic nerve damage and/or visual field abnormalities suggestive of glaucoma with ocular disorders that contribute to a secondary elevation in IOP. RESULTS: The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any glaucoma was 2.6% (2.2, 3.0), of POAG it was 1.7% (1.3, 2.1), and if PACG it was 0.5% (0.3, 0.7), and secondary glaucoma excluding pseudoexfoliation was 0.3% (0.2,0.5). On multivariate analysis, increasing age, male gender, myopia greater than 1 diopter, and pseudoexfoliation were significantly associated with POAG. After best correction, 18 persons (20.9%) with POAG were blind in either eye because of glaucoma, including 6 who were bilaterally blind and an additional 12 persons with unilateral blindness because of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in that eye. Of those identified with POAG, 93.0% had not been previously diagnosed with POAG. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of glaucoma in this population is not lower than that reported for white populations elsewhere. A large proportion of those with POAG had not been previously diagnosed. One fifth of those with POAG had blindness in one or both eyes from glaucoma. Early detection of glaucoma in this population will reduce the burden of blindness in India.     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术对早期原发性青光眼眼压控制效果分析

目的 观察早期原发性青光眼行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后眼内压(IOP)控制情况,分析与术后IOP控制效果相关的影响因素.方法 回顾性选择原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)43例(43只眼)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)早期患者32例(32只眼),均行标准3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后2年定期随访.手术成功标准为:术后IOP保持在6～21mmHg,青光眼神经病变及相应视野缺损无明显进展,无需再行抗青光眼手术治疗.结果 白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后,PACG组有28例(65.1%)、POAG组有12例(37.5%)术后IOP控制良好,2年累计生存率之间存在差异(P＜0.05).PACG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(33.0±5.3)mmHg vs(40.1±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(2.9±0.9vs4.1±0.4,P＜0.01)、房角粘连范围(2.9±0.5)钟点vs(4.2±0.8)钟点,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义,而POAG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(25.3±3.4)mmHgvs(35.4±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(1.2±0.4vs2.8±0.9,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义.Cox逐步回归分析发现,在PACG组中术前IOP(P＜0.05,RR=1.17)、PAS(P＜0.01,RR=3.971),在POAG组中术前IOP(P＜0.01,RR=1.284),与相应两组术后生存时间具有相关性.结论 在术前PACG患者考虑到IOP和房角粘连范围、POAG患者考虑到IOP的条件下,超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术对于伴有白内障的早期原发性青光眼,是一种可供选择的有效的控制眼内压的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To assess and find associated factors for favorable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with primary glaucoma on early stage.Methods Forty-five patients (43 eyes) with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 32 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were retrospectively selected.All patients had undergone standard 3.2mm limbal incision phacoemulsification,and 2 years of routine follow-up after cataract surgery.Success was defined as an IOP between 6-21mmHg,with fewer antiglaucoma medications needed than those during pre-operation,no obvious progressions of glaucomatous neuropathy and its coincident visual field loss,and no need of additional glaucoma surgery.Results After phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation,there were 28 cases (65.1%) in PACG group and 12 cases (37.5%) in POAG group with well controlled postoperative IOP,and the different of 2-year survival rate was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).There were significant different in the pre-IOP (33.0± 5.3mmHg vs 40.1 ± 3.6mmHg,P ＜0.01),the number ofantiglaucoma medications (2.9± 0.9 vs 4.1± 0.4,P＜0.01) and the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) (2.9±0.5 clock hours vs 4.2± 0.8 clock hours,P ＜0.01) between success and failure cases in PACG group.The pre-IOP (25.3±3.4 mmHg vs 35.4±3.6 mmHg,P＜0.01),the number of antiglaucoma medications (1.2± 0.4 vs 2.8± 0.9,P ＜0.01) were significant different between the success and failure cases in POAG group.Cox stepwise regression analysis found that pre-IOP (P ＜0.05,RR=1.17) and the extent of PAS (P ＜0.01,RR=3.971) in PACG group and the pre-IOP (P＜0.01,RR=1.284) in the POAG group was significant associated with the corresponding survival time after cataract surgery.Conclusions Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation may be an alternative procedure for effective IOP control of the patients with primary glaucoma on early stage coexisting with cataract on considering pre-IOP and the extent of PAS in PACG and pre-IOP in POAG.     

Entropion uveae: early sphincter atrophy, signposting primary angle closure glaucoma?

PURPOSE: An easily recognized clinical marker for early changes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) or eyes predisposed to angle closure is important so that timely laser iridotomy can prevent morbidity. Pupillary ruff changes, specifically appearance of entropion uveae (EU), are frequent in eyes with PACG. METHODS: Pupillary ruff was examined under magnification and EU, if present, was graded and correlated with gonioscopic grading and presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in consecutive patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), non-glaucomatous controls, and PACG of the subacute, acute, chronic symptomatic, and creeping angle closure glaucoma subgroups. RESULTS: No POAG eye had an abnormal pupillary ruff. A total of 86.7% of subacute PACG eyes and all eyes with acute and chronic PACG showed some grade of EU. Iridocorneal synechiae were more significantly correlated with EU than goniosynechiae (p<0.001). Meridian of iridocorneal but not iridotrabecular synechiae could be correlated with the meridian of EU. In age-matched patients EU was only present in eyes with steep iris configuration, with significant correlation with narrow angles and goniosynechiae. In the detection of PACG the presence of EU Grade I was 94.9% sensitive and 98.2% specific for PACG eyes compared to the gonioscopic picture of angle closure in occludable angles. Its positive predictive value was 91.4%. CONCLUSIONS: EU shows significant correlation with narrow angles, steep iris configuration, and PAS. Kinking of radial iris arteries during angle closure probably causes temporary ischemia, especially of end arteries supplying area of the pupil and sphincter pupillae. EU emerges as an easily observed, objective marker for PACG.