腹腔镜在子宫瘢痕部位妊娠处理中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在治疗子宫瘢痕部位妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)处理中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析武汉大学中南医院16例CSP患者的临床资料。依超声结果对CSP分型及分级,相应行腹腔镜监测下刮宫术或病灶切除术并缝合修补切口,腹腔镜下双侧子宫动脉阻断术和/或子宫下段Foley水囊压迫法止血。术后随访血β-hCG及月经情况。结果 16例手术均成功。7例选择腹腔镜监测下刮宫术,手术平均出血量(74±23)ml,平均时间(31±15)min,4例同时Foley水囊压迫法止血;9例腹腔镜镜下病灶切除术并缝合修补切口,手术平均出血量(199±35)ml,平均时间(65±25)min,7例行腹腔镜下双侧子宫动脉阻断术止血,其中2例需同时行Foley水囊压迫法止血。16例患者病理结果均符合CSP。住院日3～7d,术后监测血β-hCG,4周内均降至正常。术后4～9周月经恢复来潮,月经规律。结论彩色超声对CSP治疗方案有指导意义。腹腔镜下根据子宫下段切口瘢痕处浆膜层、肌层情况选择个体化治疗,可有效清除病灶并快速止血,是目前可选择的安全有效的治疗方法。     

孕囊型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠治疗失败的相关因素分析

目的:探讨孕囊型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)超声监视下清宫术失败及失败后宫腔填塞压迫止血再失败的相关因素。方法:总结2006年7月至2016年7月于河北医科大学第二医院行超声监视下清宫术治疗的291例孕囊型CSP患者的病历资料,采用Logistic回归分析超声监视下清宫术失败及失败后宫腔填塞压迫止血再失败的相关因素。结果:超声监视下清宫术失败率为15.8%(46/291),清宫失败后28.3%(13/46)患者通过宫腔填塞压迫止血失败。经Logistic回归分析表明,超声监视下清宫术失败的相关因素是超声分型(OR 7.773,95%CI 3.038~19.885)、头臀长(OR5.561,95%CI 2.974~10.400)、血流分级(OR 2.420,95%CI 1.400~4.183)和术前血β-HCG水平(OR 1.914,95%CI 1.113~3.293)。宫腔填塞压迫止血失败的相关因素是血流分级(OR 19.738,95%CI 2.596~150.058)。结论:超声分型中级别越高、头臀长越长、孕囊及其周围血流越丰富、术前血β-HCG水平越高,清宫失败的可能性越大。清宫术失败后,孕囊及其周围血流越丰富,宫腔填塞压迫止血失败的风险相对较高。     

B超引导下吸宫和选择性宫腔水囊压迫用于剖宫产瘢痕妊娠治疗的可行性探讨

目的:探讨B超引导下吸宫和选择性宫腔水囊压迫用于治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的临床效果。方法:选择2012年1~12月入院后均首先采用B超引导下吸宫,然后行选择性宫腔水囊压迫治疗的23例CSP患者为A组;2011年1~12月入院先全身药物治疗,治疗期间发生大出血时行急诊吸宫和宫腔水囊压迫治疗的10例CSP患者为B组;2011年1月至2012年12月外院行刮宫或药物流产发生大出血急诊入院立即行宫腔水囊压迫的7例CSP患者为C组,比较各组年龄、停经天数、术前血β-HCG值、手术时间、总失血量、住院时间、术后血β-HCG降至正常时间的差异。结果:3组患者无一例行子宫切除。A组总失血量低于B组和C组(P0.05),B组和C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组住院时间明显长于A组和C组(P0.05),A组住院时间少于C组(P0.05);3组年龄、停经天数、术前血β-HCG值、手术时间和术后血β-HCG降至正常时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:B超引导下吸宫联合选择性宫腔水囊压迫用于治疗CSP具有操作简单、效果确切等优点,可考虑作为一种较好的治疗方案;CSP刮宫或药物流产后大出血患者,可考虑首选宫腔水囊压迫以快速止血。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后宫内妊娠合并子宫切口妊娠1例治疗分析

目的:探讨在宫内合并子宫下段切口瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)复合妊娠时治疗CSP同时保存宫内胎儿安全有效的方法。方法:在本中心行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕后妊娠患者1例,经反复阴道超声检查确诊宫内合并CSP。在患者充分知情同意的前提下,于移植后35 d行阴道超声引导下经阴道CSP胚胎穿刺减灭术,术后保胎及定期产检。结果:孕37周出现宫缩后急诊剖宫产一活婴,发育正常,术中下段切口处出血多,但宫缩正常,术程共出血1 000 ml,切口缝合后出血止,保留子宫,术后42 d复查子宫复旧好。结论:IVF-ET后出现剖宫产CSP合并宫内妊娠的复合妊娠极为罕见,早期诊断后通过阴道针刺抽吸妊娠胚囊可以达到终止切口瘢痕妊娠的目的,而且对宫内正常的妊娠囊无任何影响,是在保存宫内妊娠的同时治疗CSP切实有效的方法。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后宫内妊娠合并子宫瘢痕妊娠一例

报道1例体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)后宫内妊娠合并子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的病例。该患者取卵3枚,成功配成3枚胚胎,移植胚胎3枚,成功着床2枚,但1枚在宫内正常位置上,1枚着床在前次剖宫产切口上。该患者对瘢痕处的妊娠囊行减胎术后,因持续不规则阴道出血来医院就诊,妇科超声检查提示,宫腔内可见2个胎囊,其一可见胎芽,胎心(+),其二位于前次剖宫产切口处,仅见胎囊,其内未见卵黄囊及胎芽,形态不规则。最终行经腹宫腔内胎盘胎儿清除术+CSP病灶切除术+剖宫产瘢痕憩室修补术,终止妊娠。报道此特殊病例,将CSP的超声和磁共振成像(MRI)诊断技术的优缺点进行比较,并对CSP的治疗和预防提出一些思考。     

高强度聚焦超声与药物保守治疗对剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的临床效果评价

目的:观察高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)与药物保守治疗对Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)治疗的临床效果评价。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月在绵阳市中心医院收治的超声检查确诊为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型CSP并接受治疗的191例患者的临床资料，并根据清宫术前不同处理方法分为药物组(n=67)和HIFU组(n=124)。接受药物保守治疗或HIFU治疗预处理后，行超声监测下负压吸引清宫术，评价两种预处理方式的有效性及安全性。结果:药物组与HIFU组患者在年龄、剖宫产次数、孕周、孕囊最大径、切口妊娠次数、预处理前血β人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)水平、有孕囊心管搏动、胎芽大小、有生育要求占比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而HIFU组Ⅱ型切口占比较药物组更高(P<0.05)。两组患者术中出血量、预处理后治疗结局有效率、术后阴道流血时间、术后宫腔残留、再次手术率、再次妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者清宫手术时间、预处理后改变手术方式、总住院时间、血β-hCG恢复时间、住院费用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访至2022年11月，药物组再次妊娠12例、HIFU组再次妊娠16例。结论:对于Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型CSP,行超声监测下负压吸引清宫术前进行HIFU预处理是一种安全有效的治疗方式，提高了治疗效果，减少患者住院时间，可能是临床上对于Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型CSP治疗的一种有效疗法。     

从转诊患者看剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的规范化诊断与治疗

目的探讨剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的规范化诊断与治疗。方法对28例因"剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠"治疗后转诊的患者相关资料进行回顾性分析。包括首诊医院的诊断治疗情况及转诊我院后的诊断及治疗情况。结果 18例在首诊医院误诊为宫内妊娠,直接行清宫术。其中10例因术中/术后大出血,8例因术后阴道出血淋漓不净转诊本院。入院后三维彩色超声联合磁共振成像(MRI)确诊为CSP,后续给予药物保守或手术治疗。10例在首诊医院诊断为CSP,均给予子宫动脉介入栓塞术(UAE)联合B超阴道下清宫术。术后患者因月经量减少、闭经转诊我院。入院后三维彩色超声确诊为宫腔粘连/子宫下段粘连,后续给予宫腔镜手术或扩宫治疗。结论对多次剖宫产史、怀疑子宫瘢痕处妊娠的患者应联合三维彩色超声明确诊断。处理CSP前采用阴道超声必要时联合三维超声明确CSP分型,明确UAE治疗的适应证,并充分考虑UAE对卵巢储备功能以及宫腔粘连的不利影响。     

宫腔镜联合清宫术治疗内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠32例临床分析

目的探讨宫腔镜检查联合清宫术治疗内生型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的临床应用价值。方法回顾广州市妇女儿童医疗中心2014年11月至2016年3月经阴道超声诊断为内生型CSP患者32例,应用宫腔镜检查联合清宫术或清宫术加宫腔内球囊压迫治疗,评估阴道超声诊断的符合率、手术时间、术中出血量、术后血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)下降的情况以及月经恢复的时间,同时观察不同孕周、血β-HCG水平及瘢痕厚度对手术时间及术中出血量的影响。结果经宫腔镜检查4例患者妊娠囊着床在宫颈内口后壁或侧后壁,排除瘢痕妊娠,超声误诊率为12.5%,符合率为87.5%。28例CSP均1次手术成功,无手术并发症。手术时间(29.57±9.86)min,术中出血量(28.75±14.18)m L。停经天数49 d与≥49 d相比,手术时间明显缩短(P0.01),术中出血量明显减少(P0.05)。血β-HCG20 k U/L者与≥20 k U/L相比,手术时间和术中出血量两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。瘢痕厚度3.0 mm与≥3.0 mm相比,手术时间及术中出血量两者之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第1天血β-HCG较术前均下降≥50%,术后28 d内血β-HCG均降至正常。月经来潮平均在术后(36.50±4.99)d,超声检查宫腔内无组织物残留。结论宫腔镜检查联合清宫术治疗内生型CSP具有出血少、操作简单、成功率高、并发症少、住院时间短、费用低等优点。     

宫腔内放置球囊在子宫瘢痕妊娠人工流产术中大出血的应用

目的探讨宫腔内放置球囊在子宫瘢痕妊娠人工流产术中大出血的应用。方法选取我院2011年1月~2015年1月收治的子宫瘢痕妊娠人工流产术中大出血患者100例,按照止血方式不同分为球囊压迫组和常规止血组,各50例。常规止血组用常规法止血,球囊压迫组用常规保守方法和宫腔内放置球囊止血。统计两组患者止血时间、继续出血量、子宫保留率。结果球囊压迫组止血时间明显短于常规止血组,继续出血量明显少于常规止血组,子宫保留率高于常规止血组(P0.05)。结论宫腔内放置球囊在子宫瘢痕妊娠人工流产术中大出血的应用效果确切,可迅速止血,减少继续出血量,保留生育功能,值得推广。     

65例剖宫产后切口瘢痕妊娠病例诊疗回顾性研究

目的:探讨介入治疗在子宫下段剖宫产后切口瘢痕处妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)的价值。方法:回顾性分析65例CSP患者的诊疗过程,按治疗方案分为直接手术组(A组,n=23)、介入+手术组(B组,n=21)、介入+化疗+手术组(C组,n=8)、化疗+手术组(D组,n=7)和直接化疗组(E组,n=6)。比较各组患者的治疗情况。结果:B、C组患者的胚囊大小、胚芽直径、血流指数、治疗前血β-hCG水平均显著高于其他各组,但手术出血量显著低于其他各组,D组患者的住院天数、住院金额均显著低于B、C组(P0.05)。结论:针对术前胚囊较大、血流丰富、血β-hCG水平较高的患者,介入+手术治疗子宫下段剖宫产后切口瘢痕处妊娠能显著减少患者出血量,效果良好。     

Combination of transarterial embolization of uterine arteries and conservative surgical treatment for pregnancy in a cesarean section scar. A report of 3 cases

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy developing within a previous cesarean section scar is one of the rarest kinds of ectopic pregnancy. It can result in term pregnancy and therefore must be distinguished from cervical pregnancy. Irregular vaginal bleeding is common, but massive bleeding may lead to life-threatening situations. The treatment for postabortal or postpartal hemorrhage is total or subtotal hysterectomy. CASES: Three cases of pregnancy within scars from previous cesarean sections are reported. Two patients were transferred to our hospital due to postabortal hemorrhage for unwanted pregnancy. The third patient went to the emergency department for low abdominal pain with vaginal spotting and was mis-diagnosed as having a tubal pregnancy from the initial ultrasound examination. Exploratory laparotomy was done for evacuation of the abnormally implanted conception tissue. Transarterial embolization of bilateral uterine arteries (UAs) was performed to stop postoperative bleeding in one case and to prevent intraoperative hemorrhage in the other two. Subsequently, the postoperative bleeding case underwent cesarean delivery of a full-term infant following an uneventful pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Conservative surgical treatment following transarterial embolization of bilateral uterine arteries is an alternative method of managing the patients with early pregnancy in the scar from a cesarean section. This technique preserves the uterus and greatly reduces morbidity.     

腹腔镜双侧髂内动脉临时阻断下子宫修补联合宫腔镜清宫术在Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下髂内动脉可逆性结扎及子宫修补联合宫腔镜下清宫术在Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠术中的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2017年11月~2020年11月广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心收治的剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠患者135例,其中Ⅲ型患者32例,根据术前处理措施不同,分为髂内动脉临时阻断组(21例)和子宫动脉栓塞组(11例)。分别分析两组患者一般情况、术中出血、术后并发症和预后等情况并记录两组的相关数据。结果两组患者的年龄、孕产次、剖宫产次数及孕周比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前两组患者孕囊或妊娠包块直径、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);32例患者均顺利完成手术,两组患者术中出血量分别为(67.14±32.78)mL、(71.35±31.56)mL(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;两组患者术后住院时间分别为(5.14±0.32)d、(4.97±0.21)d(P>0.05);两组患者术中出血量较少、无大出血发生,差异无统计学意义;两组患者术后月经恢复时间分别为(38.38±12.73)d、(54.81±15.66)d,差异有统计学意义。结论腹腔镜髂内动脉临时阻断子宫修补联合宫腔镜清宫术治疗Ⅲ型剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠宫腔粘连并发症少,能更好地保护患者的生育功能,是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Arterial embolization and prophylactic catheterization for the treatment for severe obstetric hemorrhage*

BACKGROUND. To evaluate indications, efficacy, and complications associated with arterial embolization and prophylactic balloon catheterization in the management of obstetric hemorrhage at a university hospital. METHODS. Twenty-two women underwent arterial embolization between February 2001 and November 2003 for the treatment for primary postpartum hemorrhage resulting from abnormal placentation (n=11), uterine atony (n=7), paravaginal laceration (n=3), and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (n=1). Blood loss was between 3.2 and 15 l. In seven patients, abnormal placentation was diagnosed prenatally and in these patients balloon catheterization was performed prophylactically before elective cesarean section. RESULTS. Of the seven patients, who underwent prophylactic catheterization, embolization was successful in five resulting in adequate hemostasis. Hysterectomy was performed in three, in two patients for uncontrolled hemorrhage and in one patient for placental invasion to bladder. There were no complications associated with prophylactic catheterization and embolization. The other 15 patients were treated in an emergency setting. In eight patients, embolization was performed as a primary surgery, and it was successful in six. In the other seven patients, hysterectomy was performed as an emergency surgery, but bleeding continued. Of these, in six patients, hemostasis was achieved with embolization. Complications associated with emergency embolization were observed in three patients. These were thrombosis of left popliteal artery, vaginal necrosis, and paresthesia of the right leg. CONCLUSIONS. Arterial embolization is of significant value in treating obstetric hemorrhage. Prophylactic insertion of balloon catheters before cesarean section seems to be a safe and effective method in controlling anticipated bleeding. In patients with persistent bleeding following cesarean section and hysterectomy, embolization could be a primary procedure before re-surgery.     

The obstetrical history in patients with Pfannenstiel scar endometriomas--an analysis of 81 patients

INTRODUCTION: The participation of immune tolerance during pregnancy was suggested to be an important factor predisposing to the implantation of decidual cells after cesarean section in Pfannenstiel scar. Delivery at term is related to the termination of immune tolerance to fetal antigens that is maintained throughout pregnancy. Substantial proportion of cesarean section deliveries is performed before the onset of true term labor. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical symptoms of spontaneous beginning of labor in pregnant women in whom cesarean sections were performed and in whom Pfannenstiel scar endometriomas were observed during follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed 81 patients following the surgical removal of scar endometrioma after cesarean section. Obstetrical histories of cesarean sections in the number of 5,370 preceding the occurrence of the scar endometrioma were analyzed. These data were collected in six different Gynecological and Obstetrical wards in Malopolska Province in Poland. Analysis of data was started by the retrospective evaluation of regular uterine contractions, uterine cervix ripening before cesarean section and the indications for surgery. RESULTS: In 67 women from the group of 81 patients cesarean sections were performed with unripe uterine cervix and without the presence of regular uterine contractions. Elective indications for cesarean sections were predominant in this group of women. The relative risk of scar endometriomas occurrence following cesarean sections performed before onset of labor in comparison to cesarean sections following spontaneous onset of labor was statistically significantly higher [RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.21-3.83; OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.22-3.89]. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section performed before spontaneous onset of labor may increase substantially the risk of occurrence of scar endometriomas.     

卡前列素防治高危产妇剖宫产术中及术后出血的临床研究

目的观察卡前列素治疗有出血高危因素的产妇剖宫产术中、术后出血的有效性和安全性。方法对469例有出血高危因素（包括双胎、羊水过多、巨大儿、前置胎盘）的产妇行计划性剖宫产术。其中巨大儿239例,双胎＋羊水过多145例,前置胎盘73例。术中胎儿娩出后随机按宫缩剂使用情况分为3组,缩宫素组152例,缩宫素20U于宫体注射,另20U加入液体中静脉滴人;缩宫素＋卡前列素组192例,缩宫素20U＋卡前列素250txg宫体注射;卡前列素组125例,卡前列素250嵋于宫体注射。计算3组术中、术后2h出血量及总出血量,并观察3组的副反应。结果（1）3组产妇术中出血量分别为,缩宫素组（445±262）m1,缩宫素＋卡前列素组（332±218）m1,卡前列素组（375±265）m1,缩宫素组分别与缩宫素＋卡前列素组和卡前列素组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）。（2）3组产妇术后2h出血量分别为,缩宫素组（176±193）m1,缩宫素＋卡前列素组（110±114）m1,卡前列素组（124±103）m1,缩宫素组分别与缩宫素＋卡前列素组和卡前列素组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）,缩宫素＋卡前列素组与卡前列素组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）3组产妇中,总出血量≥1000ml共31例,其中缩宫素组15例（48％）,缩宫素＋卡前列素组7例（23％）,卡前列素组9例（29％）。（4）3组不同高危因素产妇出血量比较：缩宫素组中巨大儿产妇总出血量明显多于缩宫素＋卡前列素组和卡前列素组（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）;缩宫素组中双胎＋羊水过多产妇术后2h出血量明显多于缩宫素＋卡前列素组和卡前列素组（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）;缩宫素组中前置胎盘产妇术后2h出血量明显多于缩宫素＋卡前列素组（P〈0．01）。（5）总出血量≥1000ml的巨大儿产妇12例,双胎产妇11例,前置胎盘产妇8例,无一例切除子宫。（6）副反应发生率缩宫素组为2．6％（4／152）,缩宫素＋卡前列素组为11．5％（22／192）,卡前列素组为7．0％（9／125）,后两组以呕吐为常见,短时间好转。结论卡前列素用于有出血高危因素产妇的剖宫产术可明显减少术中、术后出血量,与缩宫素联合应用效果更好。     

Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies: etiology, diagnosis, and management

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the appropriate way to diagnose and treat an ectopic pregnancy in the uterine scar of a prior cesarean delivery. DATA SOURCES: Articles written in English that were published from January 1966 to August 2005 and quoted in the computerized database MEDLINE/PubMed retrieved by using the words "cesarean section," "cesarean delivery," "cesarean section scar pregnancy," and "ectopic pregnancy." Additional articles were obtained from reference lists of pertinent case reports and reviews. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Fifty-nine articles that met the inclusion criteria provided data on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of 112 cases of cesarean delivery scar pregnancies. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Review of the 112 cases revealed a considerable increase in the incidence of this condition over the last decade, with a current range of 1:1,800 to 1:2,216 normal pregnancies. More than half (52%) of the reported cases had only one prior cesarean delivery. The mean gestational age was 7.5 +/- 2.5 weeks, and the most frequent symptom was painless vaginal bleeding. Endovaginal ultrasonography was the diagnostic method in most cases, with a sensitivity of 84.6% (95% confidence interval 0.763-0.905). Expectant management of 6 patients resulted in uterine rupture that required hysterectomy in 3 patients. Dilation and curettage was associated with severe maternal morbidity. Wedge resection and repair of the implantation site via laparotomy or laparoscopy were successful in 11 of 12 patients. Simultaneous administration of systemic and intragestational methotrexate to 5 women, all with beta-hCG exceeding 10,000 milli-International Units/mL required no further treatment. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment or combined systemic and intragestational methotrexate were both successful in the management of cesarean delivery scar pregnancy. Because subsequent pregnancies may be complicated by uterine rupture, the uterine scar should be evaluated before, as well as during, these pregnancies.     

肝针缝合在剖宫产术时子宫收缩乏力性出血中的临床应用观察

目的:探讨剖宫产术时用肝针"8"字缝合子宫治疗子宫收缩乏力性出血的疗效.方法:2002年1月至2008年12月在我院行剖宫产而发生子宫收缩乏力性出血的产妇62例,32例采用肝针"8"字缝合术止血法(肝针缝合组);30例采用传统止血方法,其中15例采用宫腔填塞止血法(宫腔填塞止血组),15例采用盆腔血管结扎法(盆腔血管结扎组).比较3组的术中、术后情况.结果:肝针缝合组与官腔填塞止血组和盆腔血管结扎组在平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、切除子宫数、术后感染、二次手术例数等方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但宫腔填塞止血组与盆腔血管结扎组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:肝针缝合用于剖宫产术中子宫收缩乏力性出血,术中能有效止血、减少出血量、缩短手术时间.     

二次剖宫产行子宫瘢痕切除术预防剖宫产切口瘢痕憩室效果的临床研究

目的:比较二次剖宫产术中原子宫切口瘢痕切除与否对剖宫产切口瘢痕憩室(PCSD)形成的影响,为临床PCSD的预防提供依据。方法:选取择期二次剖宫产的产妇共360例,其中采用先行原子宫切口瘢痕切除,再双层连续缝合子宫的产妇为研究组,直接行双层连续缝合子宫的产妇为对照组。统计两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后血性恶露持续时间、肛门排气时间、住院天数。术后6月至1年进行随访,评估是否出现异常阴道流血,并在术后1年应用阴道三维超声评估子宫切口愈合情况,分别统计两组产妇形成PCSD的例数,憩室残余子宫肌层厚度及憩室的大小。结果:两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后血性恶露持续时间、肛门排气时间、住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组与对照组形成PCSD的例数分别为4例(2.2%)、15例(8.3%);憩室残余子宫肌层厚度均值分别为7.35±1.89 mm、4.98±2.03 mm;憩室容积分别为0.36±0.17 ml、0.53±0.13 ml(P0.01)。结论:二次剖宫产术中切除原子宫切口瘢痕更利于切口愈合,减少PCSD的形成,减轻所形成的PCSD的程度。     

腹腔镜在子宫瘢痕妊娠中的应用

随着剖宫产的增加,剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠（cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）的发生率随着增加。其发生是因为剖宫产时子宫下段瘢痕愈合不良所致,随着经阴道超声诊断准确性的不断提高,目前CSP的诊断已不是临床难题。但在治疗方案选择上国际尚无统一标准,因为子宫CSP患者病情及就诊时情况面临的个体差异非常大,方案选择应当个体化,而个体化方案的选择缺乏规范化标准,是临床面临的主要难题。当前普遍认为,对于有手术指征者,尽早手术既可去除病灶,避免发生子宫破裂、大出血等危及生命的并发症甚至切除子宫而丧失生育能力,又可修复子宫瘢痕缺陷,降低再次妊娠的风险。腹腔镜在中国已经普及,许多医院都有腹腔镜手术的设备及技术,手术安全性及可行性无需置疑。综述近年腹腔镜在剖宫产术后子宫CSP中应用的相关报道,腹腔镜手术是手术患者的首选治疗措施,可将对患者生活质量的影响降至最低。但手术风险必须充分评估,由技术娴熟的医生主刀操作,术前必须准备好应对出血的措施,必要时转为子宫切除,术中要仔细检查有无膀胱损伤。