不同方案GnRH-a降调节对轻中度子宫内膜异位症患者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨不同方案促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)对轻中度子宫内膜异位症(EMT)患者行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的助孕结局的影响。方法:选择成都市妇女儿童中心医院生殖中心269个IVF助孕周期(175例患者)进行回顾性分析,按GnRH-a的不同方案进行分组:超长方案组75例共102个周期(长效GnRH-a 3.75 mg)、长效长方案组69例共87个周期(长效GnRH-a 1.875 mg)及短效长方案组31例共80个周期(GnRH-a 0.1 mg)。比较3种降调节方案的助孕情况及妊娠结局。结果:超长方案组中Gn用量及Gn天数均多于长效长方案组及短效长方案组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。长效长方案组胚胎种植率、生化妊娠率及临床妊娠率高于超长方案组及短效长方案组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),超长方案组与短效方案组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于接受IVF助孕的轻中度EMT患者采用长效长方案降调节可能更有利于提高EMT不孕患者的临床妊娠率。     

3种降调长方案对卵巢储备功能正常不孕患者IVF/ICSI促排卵效果的比较性研究

目的:观察3种降调长方案对卵巢储备功能正常不孕患者IVF/ICSI助孕治疗的促排卵效果及临床结局。方法:选取2016年1月至2018年9月于郑州大学第三附属医院生殖医学中心接受长方案IVF/ICSI助孕的卵巢储备正常患者共5846个周期;根据年龄(≤35岁组、35岁组)分为:短效长方案组(A组)、长效长方案组(B组)和长长方案组(C组),观察不同年龄组3种方案间的实验室及临床的各项指标。结果:年龄≤35岁组和35岁组中:C组的Gn用量及使用天数、获卵数、ICSI成熟卵数、2PN受精率和优质胚胎率、HCG日P水平和因P值升高行全胚冷冻率均最高,A组最低(P0.05);A组在Gn启动日及HCG日的LH和E_2水平均高于其他两组(P0.05),但HCG日内膜厚度最低(P0.05)。年龄≤35岁组中:B组和C组的着床率和临床妊娠率明显高于A组(P0.05),B组和C组无明显差异(P0.05);年龄35岁组:A、B、C组的着床率和临床妊娠率均无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:对拟行IVF/ICSI助孕卵巢功能正常的不孕患者:年龄≤35岁者应用长效GnRH-a长方案(长长方案、长效长方案)较短效GnRH-a长方案(短效长方案)更能获得良好的助孕结局;对于年龄35岁的不孕患者,3种降调长方案的助孕结局无明显差异,短效长方案可明显减少Gn用量及时间。     

来曲唑微刺激方案和短方案对卵巢低反应助孕的临床研究

目的:探讨卵巢低反应助孕患者在进行体外受精/卵细胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗中来曲唑(LE)微刺激方案和短方案的应用.方法:回顾性分析进行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗的卵巢低反应患者共206个周期.按治疗方案分短方案组(97周期)和微刺激组(109周期),分别比较两组患者的一般情况、促排卵情况及妊娠结局等.结果:短方案组的促性腺激素(Gn)用量、Gn刺激天数、HCG注射日雌激素(E2)值、≥16 mm卵泡数等均高于微刺激组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而两组成熟率、正常受精率、卵裂率、周期取消率、生化妊娠率及临床妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但微刺激组的优质胚胎率显著高于短方案组(P＜0.01).结论:来曲唑微刺激方案是卵巢反应低下患者较理想的促排卵方案.     

改良长方案在初次拮抗剂方案助孕治疗失败患者中的应用

目的:比较改良长方案和拮抗剂方案在初次拮抗剂方案失败患者中的临床结局。方法:回顾分析初次拮抗剂方案失败行再次IVF/ICSI助孕治疗的169例患者,其中130例采用改良长方案治疗(研究组),39例采用拮抗剂方案治疗(对照组)。结果:两组患者的一般情况无明显差异(P0.05)。研究组的注射HCG日E2值、Gn用药时间和Gn剂量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),注射HCG日LH值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组的临床妊娠率、种植率及活产率分别为55.2%、36.4%和46.4%,均显著高于对照组(27.3%、22.0%和21.2%)(P0.05)。结论:初次拮抗剂方案失败行再次助孕治疗的患者中,改良长方案可能通过改善子宫内膜的容受性,获得了较拮抗剂方案更好的妊娠结局。     

子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者IVF治疗采用不同促排卵方案的妊娠结局比较

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者体外受精(IVF)治疗采用不同促排卵方案的妊娠结局,探讨子宫内膜异位症患者助孕的促排卵方案。方法:选择2003年1月至2018年1月期间因子宫内膜异位症合并不孕行IVF治疗患者(297周期),根据促排卵方案不同分为长方案组(长效长方案、卵泡期长方案)、改良超长方案组、超长方案组和非降调方案组(拮抗剂方案),比较不同方案的临床、实验室指标及随访结局分析。结果:各组年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础促卵泡激素、不孕年限、原发不孕率、获卵数、不同方案在AFS分期中所占周期数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组MⅡ卵数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),长方案组MⅡ卵数最多;但4组的2PN数、优胚数、冷冻胚胎数、移植胚胎数、种植率、妊娠率、流产率、活产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组Gn量、hCG日内膜厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),改良超长方案Gn量最多,非降调方案量最少,非降调方案hCG日子宫内膜最薄(P<0.05)。各组因卵巢低反应放弃周期率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:子宫内膜异位症患者促排卵可以有很多方案选择,均可获得与超长方案相似的结局,非降调方案还能减少促排药物的用量。     

卵泡期长效长方案在卵巢储备良好但前次黄体期短效长方案助孕失败患者中的应用:一项自身对照研究

目的:探讨卵泡期长效长方案对卵巢储备功能良好但前次黄体期短效长方案助孕失败患者的妊娠结局是否有所改善。方法:回顾性分析106例前次黄体期短效长方案助孕失败后行卵泡期长效长方案再次助孕的卵巢储备功能良好(AFC5)患者212个周期的临床资料,按照促排卵方案分为黄体期短效长方案(A组)与卵泡期长效长方案(B组)。结果:Gn启动日E2值、hCG注射日E2值和子宫内膜厚度以及移植胚胎数组间比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。B组Gn启动日、hCG注射日血LH值和早期流产率均显著低于A组(P0.001),而Gn使用总剂量、Gn使用天数、获卵数、MII卵数、MII卵率、2PN数、可移植胚胎数、胚胎种植率、生化妊娠及临床妊娠率均显著高于A组(P0.001)。结论:在卵巢储备功能良好但前次黄体期短效长方案助孕失败的女性中,再次助孕采用卵泡期长效长方案可显著提高获卵数及卵子质量,并显著提高妊娠率,降低早期流产率,是理想的治疗方案。     

小剂量Gn启动在超长方案患者行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治疗中的应用

目的:探讨正常卵巢反应不孕患者行体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer,IVF/ICSI-ET)助孕治疗中早卵泡期超长方案时采用小剂量促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)启动对临床结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析行早卵泡期超长方案患者1 393例,其中小剂量Gn启动组(A组,Gn 75~149 U)858例,正常剂量Gn启动组(B组,Gn 150~225 U)535例。分析不同Gn启动剂量患者的临床结局。结果:A组Gn使用时间长,Gn使用总量低,获卵数少,h CG注射日E2水平低、LH水平高,双原核(2PN)受精率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。早期流产率、全部胚胎冷冻率及中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)发生率组间无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:在早卵泡期超长方案中使用小剂量Gn启动超促排卵可获得更佳的临床结局,值得推广。     

改良超长方案在卵巢储备功能低下高龄患者中的应用

目的:探讨改良超长方案行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕的高龄(年龄≥40岁)且卵巢储备功能低下(窦卵泡3~7个)患者的治疗结局。方法:采用随机对照前瞻研究的方法,将行IVF-ET的120例高龄且卵巢储备功能低下患者随机分成:改良超长方案组(A组,n=55)和拮抗剂方案组(B组,n=65),比较A、B组间IVF-ET结局。结果:A组的Gn使用总量(3 955.2±1194.3 IU)、Gn使用天数(11.7±1.9 d)、hCG注射日E2水平(2 452.7±1 285.6 pg/ml),hCG注射日子宫内膜厚度(12.1±2.3 mm)均明显高于B组(分别为2 022.5±610.1 IU、9.1±1.7 d、1 257.7±696.0 pg/ml、11.3±2.0 mm),P<0.05;周期取消率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率、着床率、流产率、宫外孕发生率组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A组hCG注射日LH水平(1.0±0.5 mIU/ml)及P/E2值(0.3±0.2)明显低于B组(3.4±2.4 mIU/ml及0.5±0.2),P<0.05。结论:改良超长方案经过GnRHa的预处理,使患者充分降调节,hCG注射日可以获得良好的LH水平、P/E2值及内膜厚度;而hMG的使用,既可降低患者费用,又可以适当补充LH,提高子宫内膜容受性。因此,对于高龄且卵巢储备功能低下的患者,改良超长方案是一个经济有效的治疗选择。     

超长方案在卵巢储备良好前次IVF/ICSI-ET失败患者中的应用分析

目的:评估超长降调节方案在卵巢储备良好前次IVF/ICSI-ET失败患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾分析246例卵巢储备功能良好前次IVF/ICSI-ET常规长方案失败再次行助孕治疗的患者,其中超长方案治疗52例为研究组,常规长方案治疗194例为对照组。结果:研究组Gn时间及获卵数均高于对照组(P<0.01);但优质胚胎数、Gn量、注射HCG日孕酮水平、移植日子宫内膜厚度、中-重度OHSS发生率与对照组比较均无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);研究组HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率均明显高于对照组,分别是:79.1%vs 61.1%,P=0.03;69.8%vs 54.9%,P=0.048,胚胎种植率有上升趋势(39.5%vs 31.5%,P=0.18)。结论:在前次卵巢反应良好IVF/ICSI-ET失败患者中超长方案较长方案子宫内膜容受性可能更好,妊娠结局明显改善,是值得推荐的治疗方案。     

两种超促排卵方案对卵巢低反应患者IVF-ET助孕治疗的疗效比较

目的:比较PPOS方案与拮抗剂方案对卵巢低反应患者行IVF-ET助孕治疗的临床效果,探讨两种超促排卵方案在卵巢低反应(POR)患者中的疗效差异。方法:回顾分析2014年5年至2018年5月在解放军总医院第六医学中心辅助生殖医学中心行IVF-ET助孕治疗的POR患者的临床资料,根据促排卵方案不同分为PPOS组(实验组,48个周期)和拮抗剂组(对照组,67个周期)。比较两组患者的基本情况、助孕效果及妊娠结局。结果:两组患者的基本情况、基础激素水平、HCG日激素水平(FSH、P、E_2)、HCG日≥10mm卵泡数、获卵数、正常受精数、Day3优胚数、可用胚胎数、妊娠率、临床妊娠率、流产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。PPOS组的HCG日血清LH水平明显低于拮抗剂组,差异有统计学意义[(2.88±2.56)mIU/ml vs (4.51±4.26)mIU/ml,P0.05];PPOS组Gn用药总量、用药天数均多于拮抗剂组,差异有统计学意义[(2210.42±766.88)IU vs (1747.01±764.98)IU;(10.88±3.21)d vs (9.12±3.14)d,P0.05]。PPOS方案组的获卵率、正常受精率、Day3优胚率、妊娠率、临床妊娠率与拮抗剂方案组相比无统计学差异,但总体上,均为PPOS组更理想(81.8%vs 71.1%、61.2%vs 58.2%、74.3%vs 73.2%、29.6%vs 16.3%、18.5%vs 10.5%)。PPOS组的周期取消率(14.58%)低于拮抗剂方案组(34.33%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PPOS方案能更有效控制早发LH峰,使周期取消率更低,降低了治疗费用,有较好的临床价值。     

Short versus long gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue suppression protocols in advanced age women undergoing IVF/ICSI

Objective: To compare the effective of two GnRH-a protocols for ovarian stimulation in advanced age women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles.

Study design: A total of 1149 IVF-ET/ICSI cycles were retrospectively identified. The cycles were divided two groups, namely a long-protocol group and a short-protocol group.

Results: The numbers of oocytes retrieved, and high-quality embryos in the long-protocol group were significantly greater than those in the short-protocol group. In the long-protocol group, the implantation and pregnancy rates were 17.22% and 33.67%, respectively, and these values were significantly higher than those in the short-protocol group (8.24% and 15.96%, p?Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the long protocol was superior to the short protocol for advanced age women.     

Which is the best IVF/ICSI protocol to be used in poor responders receiving growth hormone as an adjuvant treatment? A prospective randomized trial

This open label randomized study aims to define the best protocol to be used with growth hormone in poor responders, with comparison performed to delineate which protocol offers the best cycle outcomes. Two-hundred eighty-seven poor responders were included. The patients were randomly allocated into four groups receiving growth hormone (GH) as an adjuvant therapy added to either long or short agonist protocol, miniflare or antagonist protocols. The short/GH gave significantly lower mean number of oocytes when compared with the long/GH, antagonist/GH and miniflare/GH (4?±?1.69 versus 5.06?±?1.83, 4.95?+?/?=?1.90 and4.98?±?2.51, respectively p?=?0.005). Considering the number of fertilized oocytes, the long/GH showed significantly higher levels than short/GH and antagonist/GH (3.73?±?1.47 versus 3.02?±?1.52 and 2.89?±?1.14, respectively). The main drawback is that it required significantly higher HMG dose and longer duration of stimulation. The long/GH was superior when compared with the three protocols regarding the number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized. But, when considering the clinical pregnancy rates, there was a difference in favor of the long/GH but not reaching a statistically significant value (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01897324).     

Antagonist rescue of agonist IVF cycle at risk of OHSS: a case series

We describe a series of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) long protocol cycles presenting a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) which were rescued with an antagonist at a university-based tertiary-care fertility centre. Nineteen IVF patients presenting a risk of OHSS during treatment with long protocol, between 2009 and November 2012 were included in the present study. After discussion of available options, the agonist was stopped and a daily gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist injection was initiated (“rescue protocol”) and maintained until ovulation trigger. Fourteen patients were triggered with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and five with GnRH agonist bolus, yielding competent oocytes. Seventeen embryo transfers were performed in the fresh cycles. One patient developed moderate OHSS. There were eight clinical pregnancies after the fresh IVF cycle (42% per patient), and six further pregnancies after frozen-thawed cycles, resulting in a 73% cumulative clinical pregnancy rate within one year. We conclude that the “rescue protocol with antagonist” of the long IVF cycle with a high risk of OHSS allows us to carry on with the cycle, without compromising its success or the patient safety, thus broadening the possibility of applying the long protocol.     

3种不同超促排卵方案在高龄患者体外受精-胚胎移植中的临床效果分析

目的:探讨高龄(36~45岁)患者采用不同超促排卵方案对体外受精-胚胎移植周期妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾分析484个周期的高龄患者的资料,根据促排卵方案不同将患者分组:GnRH-a长方案组(148个周期)、拮抗剂方案组(165个周期)、GnRHa超短方案组(171个周期),比较3组患者的基本资料及临床结局。结果:GnRH-a长方案组的h CG日LH水平低于拮抗剂方案组和GnRH-a超短方案组,GnRH-a长方案组的Gn时间最长,获卵数、2PN受精数、2PN卵裂数、优质胚胎数及冷冻数最多(P0.05);GnRH-a超短方案组的Gn用量最多,2PN受精数、2PN卵裂数最少(P0.05)。3组的h CG日子宫内膜厚度、新鲜周期胚胎移植数、周期取消率、早期流产率、活产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率:GnRH-a长方案组最高,GnRH-a超短方案组最低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于卵巢储备功能相对较好的高龄患者,GnRH-a长方案具有较好的临床结局;对于卵巢储备较差者,拮抗剂方案Gn用量相对少,临床结局尚可,是一种可选择的比较经济的方案。     

Outcomes associated with introduction of a shoulder dystocia protocol

The objective of this study was to assess outcomes that are associated with the implementation of a shoulder dystocia protocol that is focused on team response. We identified women who had a shoulder dystocia during 3 time periods: 6 months before (period A), 6 months during (period B), and 6 months after (period C) the institution of a shoulder dystocia protocol. Documentation and health outcomes were compared among the time periods. During the study period, 254 women (77, 100, and 77 in periods A, B, and C, respectively) had a shoulder dystocia. There were no differences among study periods in patient characteristics. However, complete and consistent documentation increased (14% to 50% to 92%; P < .001), and brachial plexus palsy that was diagnosed at delivery (10.1% to 4.0% to 2.6%; P = .03) and at neonatal discharge (7.6% to 3.0% to 1.3%; P = .04) declined.     

Prospective evaluation of two stimulation protocols for low responders who were undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

OBJECTIVE: To compare two stimulation protocols designed for low responders undergoing IVF. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective study. SETTING: University hospital IVF unit. PATIENT(S): Sixty low responders who were recruited on the basis of results in previous cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Modified flare protocol in which a high dose of GnRH agonist was administered for the first 4 days, followed by a standard agonist dose, or a modified long protocol in which a standard agonist dose was used until pituitary down-regulation, after which the agonist dose was halved during stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of oocytes retrieved. RESULT(S): Twenty-nine cycles were performed with the modified flare protocol and 31 were performed with the modified long protocol. Significantly more oocytes were obtained with the modified long protocol than the modified flare protocol (4.42 +/- 2.6 vs. 3.07 +/- 2.15). The number and quality of embryos available for transfer was similar in both groups. One clinical pregnancy (3.4%) was achieved with the modified flare protocol, and 7 pregnancies (22.5%) were achieved using the modified long protocol. CONCLUSION(S): These preliminary results substantiate the poor prognosis and outcome for low responders undergoing IVF. A modified long "mini-dose" protocol appears to be superior to a modified mega-dose flare protocol in terms of oocyte yield and cycle outcome.     

Embryonic early-cleavage rate is decreased with aging in GnRH agonist but not inantagonist protocols

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between embryonic early-cleavage status and the age of patients receiving either a GnRH agonist long protocol or a GnRH antagonist protocol.

Methods

This retrospective study included 534 patients undergoing a fresh cycle of oocyte retrieval and day-3 embryo transfer. Of the 534 patients treated, 331 received a GnRH agonist long stimulation protocol (GnRH agonist group) for ovarian stimulation and 203 patients received a GnRH antagonist protocol (GnRH antagonist group).

Results

By logistic regression analysis, the rate of embryonic early-cleavage was significantly decreased with increasing age of women in the agonist (P < 0.001) but not in antagonist groups (P = 0.61). Based on the results of this study, maternal age is a critical factor for embryonic early-cleavage in agonist protocol but not in antagonist protocol. The results also showed that early-cleavage embryos were of better quality and resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than late-cleavage embryos in the GnRH agonist group. However, embryo quality and pregnancy rate was not significantly different between early and late cleavage embryos in the GnRH antagonist group.

Conclusions

We conclude that embryonic early-cleavage status is negatively correlated with aging in women receiving GnRH agonist long down-regulation but not in GnRH antagonist protocols. We also conclude that early cleavage of the zygote is not a reliable predictor for pregnancy potential using the GnRH antagonist protocol.