Relations between the contamination of beef and cow's milk with radiocesium

The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation designed to study the trend of the contamination by radiocesium of milk and meat of cows: (1) under conditions of a single contamination of the pasture. (2) under conditions of a continuous ingestion corresponding to the case of a constant contamination of the pasture. The knowledge of the evolution in the course of time of the relation between the activities of meat and milk and of its dependence on the nature of the different organs and the age of the animals should make more easy the survey of the contamination of the environment and allow to decide on possible countermeasures to be taken in the case of an accident.     

足球运动员步态支撑期时相的特征分析

目的 探究足球运动员正常行走步态支撑期各时相的特征。方法 应用足底压力测试系统测试足球运动员和大学生正常行走的步态周期,对二者同侧脚和左右脚的步态支撑期各时相特征进行比较分析。结果大学生整足接触阶段时间明显大于足球运动员（P〈0.05）,足球运动员的离地阶段时间所占比例明显大于正常大学生（P〈0.05）,且足球运动员左脚和右脚的整足接触阶段时间所占比例明显小于正常大学生（P〈0.05）。结论 足球运动员长期训练下造成支撑期各时相时间值所占比例发生变化,即整足接触阶段时间减少,离地阶段时间增加,这种改变有利于足球运动员对前足的保护,减少前足的损伤。通过分析各时相时间值的变化可以判别足球运动员损伤的程度及损伤后恢复的情况。因此,足底各时相的分析在预防足球运动员足踝损伤方面有一定临床价值。     

加强人才队伍建设促进卫生事业发展的途径探索

在卫生事业的发展过程中,应该注重人才队伍的建设,强化人才队伍建设的创新改革力度,转变传统的人才管理工作思维与模式,遵循健康发展、协调发展的基本原则,借助人才队伍的建设促使卫生事业良好发展和进步,形成新时期背景下的卫生事业发展动力,彰显人才队伍的积极作用。该文就当前卫生事业人才队伍的现状,提出加强人才队伍建设促进卫生事业发展的指导思想,并且归纳总结卫生事业发展过程中人才队伍的建设经验、对策,争取可以采用有效的措施建设人才队伍,提升卫生事业发展过程中的核心力量,增强服务工作效果,满足当前的时代发展需求,达到预期的工作目的。     

Uncertainty of AIDS incubation time and its effects on back-calculation estimates

Incubation time is the period from the onset of HIV infection to AIDS. The distribution of the incubation time is one of the main parameters of the back-calculation method for the estimation of incidence of HIV infection. Because of the long and variable incubation time, the assessment of its distribution is uncertain and this uncertainty spreads through the back-calculation method and affects the estimation of the precision of incidence of HIV infection. We propose a method to investigate the sensitivity of the estimates to variations of the incubation times, with particular regard to the covariate AGE in the modelling of the incubation period, making use of the parametric bootstrap. An application to the HIV epidemic in Italy is presented. The amplification of the uncertainty of the HIV incidence estimates resulting from the implementation of our proposed method tends to concentrate around the earlier periods of the epidemic, corresponding to the right tail of the incubation time distribution, which is very sensitive to small perturbations.     

承德市冬季室内不同采暖方式与人体健康效应

学校和家庭不同采暖方式的４４０名９岁组儿童的健康效应调查结果表明：集中供暖学校儿童肺功能中ＦＥＶ１．０％和Ｖ７５均高于燃煤炉采暖学校儿童，学校家庭均集中供暖的女生高于学校家庭均燃煤炉采暖的女生；家庭采暖方式相同的不同采暖方式学校间，集中供暖学校男女生嗜中性白细胞噬菌率高于燃煤炉采暖学校，学校家庭均集中供暖的男女生均高于学校家庭均燃煤炉采暖的男女生；家庭集中供暖的燃煤采暖学校学生血清ＩｇＧ高于集中供     

Significance of ultrasonic studies of the splenic hilus in malignant lymphoma

In the course of abdominal ultrasonography of patients suffering from malignant lymphoma the authors observed frequently morphological alteration of the splenic vein in the hilus of spleen. Three conditions were determined which when occurring simultaneously created cases of dilated vein in the hilus of spleen. The incidence rate of dilated vein of the hilus of spleen has been determined in patient group with lymphoma and "healthy" control group. It was studied whether in cases with morphological alteration of the vein in the hilus of spleen the occurrence of abdominal nodal manifestations or the alteration of the sonographic structure of the spleen were detectable at a higher rate in the group of patients suffering from lymphoma. On the basis of the results the authors are of the opinion that when the sonographic signs of the dilated splenic vein of the hilus of spleen are present the negative result of sonography must be considered more carefully than usual and other more sensitive diagnostic methods must be applied for the detection of the abdominal manifestations of lymphoma.     

Medical record management and risk management processes. State of the art and new normative guidelines about the organization and the management of the sanitary documentation in the National Health System or Hospital Trusts

Recent health care reforms, the start of accreditation processes of health institutions, and the introduction also in the health system of risk management concepts and instruments, borrowed from the enterprise culture and the emphasis put on the protection of privacy, render evident the need and the urgency to define and to implement improvement processes of the organization and management of the medical documentation in the hospital with the aim of facilitation in fulfilment of regional and local health authorities policies about protection of the safety and improvement of quality of care. Currently the normative context that disciplines the management of medical records inside the hospital appears somewhat fragmentary, incomplete and however not able to clearly orientate health operators with the aim of a correct application of the enforced norms in the respect of the interests of the user and of local health authority. In this job we individuate the critical steps in the various phases of management process of the clinical folder and propose a new model of regulations, with the purpose to improve and to simplify the management processes and the modalities of compilation, conservation and release to entitled people of all clinical documentation.     

转型期医院可持续发展机制实证研究

为转型期医院可持续发展的实现提供理论依据，本文对某区域医院的可持续发展机制进行了较为系统的经济学实证研究，阐述了转型期医院可持续发展的特征；提出了转型期医院可持续发展模式是医院集约型发展模式，能力是医院临床学科综合发展能力，基础是医院医生人力资源配置的合理性，核心是医院科技进步水平，标志是医院综合竞争力。     

临床检验医学中的量值溯源

量值溯源可以提高检测结果的准确性,提高不同实验室检测结果的可比性,是衡量检验质量的重要手段.检验结果的溯源性将成为临床实验室的工作和检验试剂生产的重要质量指标.本文就以下几个方面进行分析讨论：①溯源性的概念和结构;②临床检验参考系统的现状;③检验工作中参考系统的建立;④量值传递过程的常见问题.     

Emergent topics of educators' perspectives on their own education for retired health care professionals

The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of seven retired educators' perspectives on their own education. Each educator was from a different health profession. Berger and Luckmann's thesis on the social construction of reality served as the conceptual framework of the study Throughout the study the researcher was able to appreciate that even though the reality of everyday life is a subjective interpretation of the world, there is a continuous correspondence between the researcher's perceptions of meaning and those of others. The in-depth interview method provided an adequate mechanism for the reconstruction of participants' everyday life experiences, and for the construction of categories of meaning. The researcher applied the method of inductive analysis in the identification of the themes and issues and in the construction of the categories. Nine categories of meaning emerged from the participants' reconstruction: 1) the legitimization of retirement; 2) understandings surrounding one's education; 3) understanding of the human aging process; 4) the legitimization of death; 5) the bonds between human beings as a fundamental element of human reality; 6) the roles within, and the objectification of, human activity; 7) the legitimization of religion and the element of spirituality; 8) understandings surrounding one's self; and 9) the reconstruction of the past: traditions and legitimate practices. Within the categories are areas of convergence between the signification of "one's own education" as a modality of life, and the signification of learning and of its propitiatory and restrictive conditions. As to the understandings of meaning and the emergent categories of meaning, the researcher constructed specific educational recommendations, which emphasize the educational processes of the old adult.     

The law, medical ethics, and transplants

A discussion of four aspects of the legislation and of the medical ethics of the transplants is presented: the concept of death, the donation of organs, the selection of receivers and the future of the therapeutic transplants. The prominent paragraphs of the General Law of Health of the country about cerebral death, the two legal forms and organs donors' ethics, the criteria and more frequent problems for the selection of receivers, and the character of medical technology of transition of the therapeutic transplants are included.     

Some Practical and Theoretical Points in Labyrinthology: (Section of Otology)

The work of Steinhausen in Greifswald on the function of the cupula (Pflüger''s Archiv, 1933, Band 232, Heft 4) is of extreme value in the conception of the physiological mechanism of the labyrinth. Extension of this work by measurement of the exact relationship between the movements of the endolymph in the canals and the bending of the cupula. Demonstration by means of pictures, etc.Comparison of the three methods of examination of the peripheral labyrinth. The time of the post-rotational nystagmus, the duration of the nystagmus after applying a constant pressure to a fistula, the time during which the caloric nystagmus continues after changing position of the head from Brüning''s optimum to minimum position—all are comparable quantities and are times of about the same length, and all seem to be due to the elasticity of the cupula.The galvanic reaction: why it does not give practical results: the theory and technique of chronaxiemetrie: a new method of obtaining an exact estimation of the chronaxie of the vestibular nerve and the possibility of the practical use of this method.Demonstration of apparatus for determining the vestibular chronaxie, and of instruments for the exact registration of the eye-movements during nystagmus.     

河南省公立医院与民营医院三年发展情况对比分析

目的 对河南省公立医院与民营医院3年发展情况作对比分析,为河南省社会办医发展提出政策建议.方法 根据河南省卫生信息统计中心数据,利用Excel作描述性分析.结果 3年公立医院的机构数、执业(助理)医师数、诊疗人次数以及床位数所占比例呈现下降趋势,而民营医院所占比例则在这些指标上呈现上升趋势.结论 河南省控制公立医疗机构规模和数量,扶持民营医疗机构发展的政策正初现成效;新增民营医院发展态势良好,但公立医院的规模仍呈现扩大趋势;民营医院所提供卫生服务的利用率仍然有待提高.公立医院的机构数、执业(助理)医师、诊疗人次数、床位数指标的变化影响民营医院相应指标的增长.     

医疗事故技术鉴定结论差异的分析及启示

医疗事故技术鉴定实行多次鉴定制 ,各次鉴定结论是卫生行政部门、司法机关处理医疗纠纷的重要依据和证据 ,具有法律证明效力。通过对结论差异案例的原因分析 ,提出正确理解和准确把握医疗事故定义是正确判定医疗事故的关键和核心 ;恰当地运用举证责任分配原则是医疗事故技术鉴定的重要环节 ;完善《医疗事故处理条例》、《医疗事故分级标准》、《医疗事故技术鉴定暂行办法》是鉴定结论准确、公正的基础 ;准确地把握法律法规的主旨 ,依法鉴定是保障医疗事故技术鉴定性准确的保证     

2021年初河北省和黑龙江省COVID-19传播差异性的对比

  目的  对2021年1月2日至2021年3月3日河北省和2020年12月10日至2021年2月28日黑龙江省COVID-19传播的差异性进行对比研究,为疫情防控策略的制定提供理论支撑。  方法  基于2021年初河北省和黑龙江省的现存无症状病例数、现存确诊病例数与累计移出病例数,构建一类阶段性控制策略的动力学模型,利用非线性最小二乘法估计模型参数;利用参数敏感性分析探讨关键参数对两个地区现存确诊病例数峰值及峰值时间的影响。分别分析初期接触数、初期接触传播概率、潜伏者的传染力校正因子与有症状感染者构成比的强弱变化对两个地区的现存无症状病例数、现存确诊病例数与累计移出病例数的影响。  结果  两个地区的模型拟合效果均良好;与河北省相比,黑龙江省的无症状感染者构成比较大;当初期接触数、初期接触传播概率、潜伏者的传染力校正因子与有症状感染者构成比分别减少10%时,黑龙江省的现存无症状病例数峰值、现存确诊病例数峰值与累计移出病例数的平均减少幅度均较河北省的大。  结论  2021年初河北省和黑龙江省的COVID-19疫情传播存在明显差异,尤其是控制措施的强弱变化对不同地区疫情发展的影响不同。     

工程量清单招标对医院基建项目的影响与对策分析

就目前招投标存在的问题,结合工程量清单招标具体情况,总结医院基建工程项目如何正确理解、认识和掌握工程量清单招标方法,并就目前工程量清单招标对医院基建項目影响因素进行分析,寻求医院基建工程项目与工程量清单招标相适应的措施。     

以“十九大精神”为指导的护理教研工作现状分析

目的了解以十九大精神为指导的护理教学科研开展现状,为进一步在护理队伍中深入贯彻十九大精神,并以十九大精神为指导更好地开展护理教研工作。方法调查云南省第二人民医院护理学教研室2017年1月—2018年12月的护理教研工作现状,并进行整理、分析描述。结果在十九大精神的指导下该院护理实习生总人数增长93人,本科实习生人数占比提高7.6%,针刺伤发生率降低1.7%,课堂教学课时数增加1112学时,护理人员论文发表数量增加79篇,专著发表增加3部,科研立项项目增加3项。结论在该院深入贯彻十九大精神后,护理教研工作百花齐放,护理人员仁心仁术,护理质量显著提升,有利于和谐医院的构建、有助于和谐社会的建设。     

从病区感染控制的角度谈中央空调的设计使用和管理

目的探讨医院中央空调的设计、使用、管理与病区感染控制的关系。方法根据医院病区室内微生物污染与感染的现状,结合医院中央空调设计、使用、管理中存在的问题及相关文献资料,研讨空调设计、使用、管理与感染控制的关系,结果,医院中央空调的设计体现“以病人为中心”的人性化设计,满足医院对污染与感染控制的要求,中央空调的使用、管理必须规范化,建立长效的设备维保与消毒机制。结论医院中央空调设计、使用、管理的科学性、安全性、规范性、与病区感染控制有直接关系,是减少污染、控制感染、提高医疗质量、保障医疗安全的有效手段之一。     

Association of carcinoid tumor of the appendix and Crohn disease (case report and review of the literature)]

The authors describe the coexistence of the carcinoid of the appendix and Crohn's disease. In the case of their woman patient the carcinoid was identified with the examination of the resected ileoascendent part of the bowel resulting of the complication of the Crohn's disease. 10 similar association is known in the literature but none of the patients had the signs of the carcinoid syndrome. Subsequent adrenerg syndrome after an alimentary hypoglycemia (increased evacuation of the cathecolamines and their metabolites in the urine), food allergy (increased IgE type antibody to milk protein) or gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumor (based on the result of the 111In-octreoscan and the increased 5-hydroxyindolaceticaciduria) equally suspected of the symptoms (palpitation, flush) manifested after the operation. They look for the connection between the genesis of the intestinal carcinoid and the Crohn's disease with working up the bibliography. Summing up the references with a view of the latest it can be stated that the carcinoid of the appendix occurs more than orders of magnitude in the samples from inflamed surrounding than the samples from autopsy (0.24%--820/338,000 inflamed appendix and 0.03%--19/53,430 appendix from autopsy). Consequently the inflammation create favourable condition for the development of the carcinoid of the appendix.