外科护士总体幸福感与应付方式的关系研究

目的 了解外科护士总体幸福感现状及其与应付方式的关系.方法 采用总体幸福感量表(General Well-Being Schedule,GWB)、应付方式问卷和自编人口学问卷对420名外科护士进行问卷调查.结果 外科护士总体幸福感低于女性常模(P＜0.001);护龄、职称、婚姻状况、是否值夜班是外科护士总体幸福感的主要影响因素(P＜0.001);总体幸福感与成熟型应付方式呈显著正相关(r=0.287,P＜0.01),与不成熟型应付方式呈显著负相关(r=-0.312,P＜0.01).结论 外科护士总体幸福感有待提高,其总体幸福感与应付方式密切相关,成熟型应付方式有利于提高多幸福感.     

四川震区教师应对方式与总体幸福感关系

目的了解四川震区教师应对方式与总体幸福感的现状及关系。方法使用应对方式问卷和总体幸福感量表对四川地震灾区741名教师进行调查。结果震区教师应对方式在性别、年龄上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);总体幸福感在性别、学历以及灾后教学场所上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除对生活的满足和兴趣维度,应对方式与总体幸福感各维度呈不同程度的相关关系(r=-0.02～0.37,P<0.05或P<0.01);不成熟型和混合型的应对方式与总体幸福感各维度均呈现负相关;不成熟型、成熟型的应对方式对总体幸福感有预测效果。结论在应付方式和总体幸福感方面,震区男教师比女教师面临更多的问题;震区教师应对方式对其总体幸福感有一定预测作用。     

心理干预对新兵心理健康相关因素的影响

目的探讨心理干预对新兵心理健康、自尊、总体幸福感、应付方式的影响。方法选取616名新兵随机分为试验组(308人)和对照组(308人),试验组进行心理干预,对照组进行一般心理健康教育咨询。两组新兵在心理干预前后采用症状自评量表、自尊量表、总体幸福感量表、应付方式问卷分别进行团体测定。结果 (1)试验组新兵心理干预后除敌对外各因子及SCL-90总分显著低于心理干预前(P0.05);对照组新兵心理干预后在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性、其他、SCL-90总分上显著低于心理干预前(P0.05);心理干预后试验组新兵除敌对外各因子及SCL-90总分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)试验组新兵心理干预后在自尊、总体幸福感、解决问题、求助、合理化上显著高于心理干预前(P0.05),在自责、幻想、退避上显著低于心理干预前(P0.05)。对照组新兵心理干预后在解决问题、合理化上显著高于心理干预前(P0.05)。心理干预后试验组新兵在自尊、总体幸福感、解决问题、求助、合理化上显著高于对照组(P0.05),在自责、幻想、退避因子上显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论心理干预后新兵心理健康水平、自尊、总体幸福感、成熟应付方式有明显改善,不成熟应付方式明显减少。     

军队干休所保健护士总体幸福感与应对方式和精神心理知识的相关性

目的了解军队干休所保健护士总体幸福感与应对方式和精神心理知识的相关性,为提升总体幸福感提供参考依据。方法选用一般情况调查表、总体幸福感量表、应付方式问卷及心理健康知识问卷,对空军军医大学参加全军干休所保健护士全科医学轮训的457名学员进行调查。结果 (1)军队干休所保健护士总体幸福感高于国内女性常模水平(t=13.884,P0.01)。(2)不同年龄、受教育程度、健康状况和行政职务的军队干休所保健护士总体幸福感总分差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(3)干休所保健护士的应对方式以合理化和解决问题为主。(4)干休所保健护士精神卫生知识得分为16.76±1.75,总体知晓率是84.25%。(5)精神卫生知识得分与解决问题呈显著正相关(P0.01),与自责、幻想、退避及合理化呈显著负相关(P0.01)。总体幸福感与不成熟型和混合型应对方式呈显著负相关(P0.01),与精神卫生知识呈显著正相关(P0.01)。结论军队干休所保健护士总体幸福感较好,军队干休所保健护士精神卫生知识知晓情况较好。     

医学生就业压力状况及其相关因素研究

目的探讨不同人口统计学变量医学毕业生的就业压力、应付方式和情绪状态的状况。方法采用问卷调查法,自编医学生就业压力问卷。结果不同性别、不同家庭经济状况、学生干部与非学生干部医学毕业生在就业压力、应付方式和情绪状态方面差异有统计学意义。结论应开展有针对性的就业指导和服务,以提高医学毕业生应付就业压力的能力。     

戏剧教育与大学生幸福感指数及应付方式的关系分析

目的 调查分析大学生参与戏剧活动与幸福感指数及应付方式之间的关系.方法 以杭州师范大学的240位大学生为调查对象,用自编的一般资料、幸福感指数问卷、应付方式问卷作为调查工具.结果 喜欢戏剧组的大学生幸福感明显高于不喜欢戏剧组的大学生(P<0.05);参加过戏剧表演组的大学生使用"求助"应付方式明显高于从未参加过戏剧表演组的大学生(P<0.05),而喜欢戏剧组的大学生使用"幻想"应付方式明显低于不喜欢戏剧组的大学生(P<0.05).结论 在高校开展戏剧教育可提高大学生的幸福感水平,戏剧教育是能使学生更多使用成熟应付方式的有效途径,是提高大学生身心健康水平的有效载体.     

某医学院毕业生幸福感及影响因素分析

目的探讨医学院毕业生主观幸福感水平及影响幸福感形成的社会学因素。方法采取问卷法,用自制的主观幸福感调查表调查某医学院校200名大学毕业生。结果医学院校大学毕业生总体幸福感为中等水平,平均分为65.4分。结论影响医学院校大学毕业生主观幸福感的因素主要是性别、健康状况、学校满意度、生活满意度、个人满意度、积极和消极情绪。     

大学生主观幸福感和应对方式的关系

[目的]研究大学生主观幸福感和应对方式的关系。[方法]运用主观幸福感问卷和应对方式问卷,整群随机抽样,对400名大学生进行测试。[结果]大学生主观幸福感处于中等偏上水平。主观幸福感和应对方式均存在性别差异;主观幸福感各维度和应对方式各因子存在不同程度的相关,应对方式是主观幸福感各维度的有效预测因子,分别可以解释总体主观幸福感、生活满意度、正性情感及负性情感方差变异的13.4%,12.0%,14.7%,23.8%。[结论]主观幸福感和应对方式均存在性别差异;主观幸福感和应对方式存在显著性相关,应对方式对大学生的主观幸福感有显著影响。     

中学生主观幸福感、应对方式及其关系研究

为了解中学生主观幸福感与应对方式的关系,采用简易应对方式问卷和总体幸福感量表对新疆地区四所中学共1000名中学生的主观幸福感及应对方式的状况进行调查。结果显示:中学生应对方式、主观幸福感存在年级、家中排行、中学类型差异,且应对方式与主观幸福感呈显著相关并对其具有预测作用,因而中学生的主观幸福感与应对方式关系密切。     

芜湖高校大学生网络成瘾与总体幸福感关系研究

目的了解大学生网络成瘾与总体幸福感现状及其相关因素,为预防大学生网络成瘾的发生和提高幸福感提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,整群抽取安徽师范大学、安徽工程大学、皖南医学院大一~大四本科生为调查对象,使用网络成瘾及总体幸福感量表对其进行相关调查。结果大学生网络成瘾检出率为17.53%,医学生成瘾检出率(11.15%)低于非医学生(26.21%),成瘾率在专业、年级、性别等差异均有统计学意义;不同专业、年级、性别大学生总体幸福感得分差异均有统计学意义,网络成瘾得分与总体幸福感总分呈负相关(r=-0.371,P0.01),成瘾者总体幸福感得分低于非成瘾者。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明,性别、专业、生源地及总体幸福感等因素与网络成瘾有关。结论大学生网络成瘾现象严重,总体幸福感相对低下,网络成瘾与总体幸福感关系密切。     

The first batch of graduates of a new medical curriculum in Asia: how their teachers see them

OBJECTIVE: To examine teachers' views of the first batch of graduates of a revised medical curriculum in Asia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was carried out to obtain the views of all the clinical teachers involved in teaching final year students of the old curriculum in 2000-01 and the new curriculum in 2001-02 at the University of Hong Kong, which commenced curricular reform in 1997. RESULTS: Nearly 62% of respondents felt that better graduates were being produced with the new curriculum. The majority of them rated the new curriculum students better in nearly all the major goals of the new curriculum, such as self-directed learning initiative, problem solving skills, interpersonal skills and clinical performance in patient care. However, the core knowledge of the new curriculum students was of concern to some teachers. CONCLUSION: This study focused on the first complete cycle of a revised medical curriculum in Asia. Teachers' views of the new curriculum students were highly positive and they felt that better graduates were being produced.     

某医科大学研究生就业心理与应对情况调查

目的调查研究生就业心理现状及应对行为,以便有针对性的对毕业生开展就业指导教育。方法采用自制调查表,随机对177名某医科大学研究生的就业心理状况和各种应对方式进行调查分析。结果 93.2%(165人)医学研究生表示会不同程度地担忧找不到合适的工作,并且男女普遍都有这种压力;78.5%(139人)的研究生担忧工作不能满足家人的期许,男性比女性表现出更大的压力;高年级就业压力高于低年级;当遇到挫折时,研究生多数选择通过上网来缓解压力,同学关系、恋人关系较多受到影响;35.3%的研究生求职受挫时不愿降低就业要求;3～4月份就业高峰期时,调查的52名毕业生中,21名(40.4%)研究生尚未找到工作。结论研究生就业形势依然严峻,对研究生(尤其男性、高年级群体)应开展就业指导干预等措施。     

重庆市务工人员心理压力及应对方式调查研究

目的 了解青年进城务工人员在城市的生活状态、心理压力和应对方式.方法 采用自编青年进城务工人员生活状况及心理压力调查问卷和解亚宁等编制的简易应对方式问卷,对205名重庆市青年进城务工人员进行调查.结果 40%的青年进城务工者认为在城市里生活心理压力较大; 27%的个体面对压力时采取积极应对方式,73%的个体面对压力时采取消极应对方式;已婚者消极应对方式比例高于未婚者,但其差异无统计学意义（χ2 =5.090,P＞0.05）.结论 重庆市青年进城务工人员的生活状态不容乐观;其心理压力大,应对方式较为消极;已婚者当中消极应对者的比例远远高于未婚者,对生活满意度越高者其应对方式越积极.     

武警干部自感压力状况及影响因素分析

目的了解武警干部人群心理压力的程度、来源及应对方式。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取武警某部2253名军官作为调查对象,用中国武警军官压力问卷进行调查。结果自感心理压力一般水平的军官最多,占45．6％。很大的只占7．4％。压力应对方式以积极主动自我调节和主动寻求社会支持为主。logistic回归分析了影响军官压力的主要因素,其中高文化程度、高睡眠质量是保护因素,高工作负荷、人际关系差、消极应对方式是危险因素。结论掌握武警干部压力的状况为制定军人心理健康教育与健康促进策略提供了科学依据。     

Medical graduates evaluate the effectiveness of their education

Summary. In response to the General Medical Council's 1991 Consultative Document proposing changes to medical curricula, the King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, established a steering group to plan a new curriculum. As part of this process a postal survey was undertaken of five cohorts of King's graduates to ascertain how well the medical course they had undertaken had equipped them for practice. The questionnaire explored the level of factual content, the adequacy of their skills training, and the development of personal attributes during the course. A total of 371 graduates replied, a response rate of 78%. Over 70% indicated that their education had satisfactorily equipped them for their medical practice. Significant differences were found, however, between those now practising in primary care and those in hospital medicine regarding the importance attached to different subjects within the curriculum, and also with respect to the personal attributes the graduates felt they had acquired. Both groups identified deficiencies in virtually all aspects of their skills training: clinical, analytical, communication, management and technical.
This feedback from some of the 'consumers' of medical education is now being used to assist the planning of the new King's curriculum.     

Attitudes of the 1984 medical graduates of Sri Lanka to anaesthesia

A total of 196 intern medical officers who had graduated from the four medical schools in Sri Lanka in 1984 indicated their attitudes towards anaesthesia as a medical specialty in response to a postal questionnaire. Eighty per cent of the graduates considered anaesthesia to be an established specialty in Sri Lanka, while 17% felt that the specialty had limited clinical application. A total of 62% of the graduates were not aware, prior to their entry to medical school, that anaesthesia was related to medical practice. All the graduates indicated that the intra-operative role of the anaesthetist was on a par with that of the surgeon, but 40% felt that the pre- and post-operative roles were of a secondary nature. Overall, 42% considered that an anaesthetist acts as an assistant to the surgeon. The graduates were of the opinion that only 35% of the patients undergoing surgery were appreciative of the services rendered by an anaesthetist. Fifty per cent of the graduates considered exposure to the specialty in the undergraduate curriculum as inadequate. Anaesthesia was chosen as the first career preference by 1.5%. The dominant reasons for not selecting anaesthesia as a career specialty were: minimal patient contact and patient recognition (62%), and lack of recognition of the specialty by society (54%). Anaesthetists in Sri Lanka are challenged to alter the perceptions associated with the specialty, which are probably a result of chronic staff shortages restricting practice to the confines of operating theatres.     

Does a new undergraduate curriculum based on Tomorrow's Doctors prepare house officers better for their first post? A qualitative study of the views of pre‐registration house officers using critical incidents

INTRODUCTION: In 1994 Manchester University introduced an integrated undergraduate medical course using problem-based learning (PBL) throughout. The study reported here explored whether there were any differences between the new course graduates (NCGs) and the traditional course graduates (TCGs) in the types of scenarios they recalled as 'critical incidents', or challenging cases, while working as pre-registration house officers (PRHOs). The focus is on differences rather than causal links. METHOD: We used semistructured interviews to generate our data. Twenty-four traditional course graduates and 23 new course graduates were interviewed approximately 3 months after starting their first PRHO placement. RESULTS: We identified 4 types of critical incidents relating to: clinical practice; limitations of competence; emotional involvement; and communication. Traditional course graduates reported difficulties in making patient management decisions, whereas the NCGs were better at dealing with uncertainty, knowing their limits and asserting their rights for support. Communication difficulties and coping with emotional involvement were common across both groups of graduates and hence remain problems in relation to being prepared for the role of a PRHO. CONCLUSIONS: Graduates of the new, integrated curriculum seemed to be much better at dealing with uncertainty, knowing their personal limits and asserting their rights for support when they felt these limits had been reached. Communication difficulties and emotional involvement remain major factors in the transition from student to PRHO.     

汶川地震应激状态下大学生的心理健康状况

目的探讨汶川地震应激状态下大学生的心理健康状况。方法采用简易应对方式量表和状态特质焦虑量表对重庆572名大学生进行调查。结果重庆大学生在汶川地震后2周内,状态焦虑水平都显著高于以往大学生群体;应对方式与状态、特质焦虑之间存在着显著相关,且应对方式对状态特质焦虑具有良好的预测作用。结论汶川地震应激状态下重庆大学生明显感受到更多焦虑．应引起重视．应在大学生中积极开展有针对性的危机干预教育。     

上海市徐汇区医院发热门诊工作人员传染性非典型肺炎知识调查

目的 了解徐汇区发热门诊工作人员对传染性非典型肺炎防护知识的掌握情况。方法 采用个别问卷调查法，对徐汇区13家医院发热门诊的155名工作人员进行调查。结果 96．6％的工作人员参加过传染性非典型肺炎防护知识的系统培训。大约80％的人员知道诊断标准及如何处理，多于95％的人员知道如何对处于隔离治疗的病人进行心理干预。大约3／4的人员知道如何对医疗用品进行消毒。有不到一半的人员担心自己被感染。总之，医护人员对传染性非典型肺炎的知识率明显高于医技人员和清洁人员。结论 发热门诊的工作人员有一定的传染性非典型肺炎防护知识及处理能力。