我国收付费协同的医保支付方式改革现状及发展趋势*

医保支付方式改革是医药卫生体制改革的重要抓手，也是形成“运行新机制”的必要措施，而实现收付费一体化与协同则是深化医保支付方式改革的必然要求。这不仅有利于提高医保基金的使用效率，也有利于从制度上减轻患者的经济负担。文章主要以DRG收付费为例，分析我国收付费协同的医保支付方式改革现状。研究发现：我国在开展的医保支付方式改革中，大多数地区只做到医保付费端，而医院收费端仍是按项目收费，即采用的是“收费”与“付费”并行的双轨制管理办法。尽管我国有福建省三明市等少部分地区逐步开展了收付费协同的医保支付方式改革探索，但“收—付”两端的协同改革仍须强化，同时“政策组合拳”的跟进也至关重要。     

支付方式改革:支点与杠杆

正近年来,作为医疗保险管理的重点工作,支付方式改革一直是热门话题。在深化医改的多项举措中,医保支付方式改革也被寄予厚望,出台了多个重量级文件。为什么医保支付方式改革日益重要,相关的改革路径有哪些,下一步的推进重点又在哪里?在近日武汉大学全球健康研究中心举办的"新时代药品供应保障与医保支付方式改革论坛"上,与会专家和政策制定者畅谈了自己的思考。提高医保质量的手段黄心宇:当下,从国家主管部门、到各地执     

我国医保支付方式改革的运行逻辑、影响机制与实施效果分析*

通过对门诊与住院支付方式进行比较分析,结合我国门诊与住院支付方式改革城市的试点经验,总结我国医保支付方式改革的运行逻辑、影响机制与实施效果。为推动建立健全管用、高效、多元复合的医保支付方式,实现“分类结算、协同推进”的医疗服务综合治理机制,提高医保资金使用效率,为保障人民群众的生命健康提供经验参考。该文章从政策层面、技术层面和基金层面,提出优化我国医保支付方式改革治理路径的相关政策建议。     

分级诊疗体系建设中医保支付方式的改革与探讨*

医保支付方式改革是构建分级诊疗就医格局的重要抓手。通过梳理国内典型地区在构建“四个分开”的分级诊疗就医格局时有关医保支付方式改革领域的具体实践，同时对医保支付方式改革的局限性进行深入分析，提出加快构建分级诊疗格局的医保支付改革的政策建议，助推“十四五”期间分级诊疗体系建设的高质量发展。     

浅析医保支付方式改革对公立医院运营管理影响及应对策略△

近年来,我国大力推进以DRG和DIP为代表的医保支付方式改革,以此引导医院高质量发展方向,提升医保基金运行效能。作者首先分析了DRG和DIP支付方式改革进展,基于国家政策要求汇总了下一阶段改革方向与时间进度要求。文章提炼了医保支付方式改革对医院运营管理带来的深远影响,包括控制医疗费用不合理增长、医院病种结构调整滞后等。在此基础上,从进一步提高医院运营管理认识、优化调整病种收治结构、加强药品耗材管理等方面提出了推进医院运营管理、积极应对医保支付方式改革的策略。     

医保政策常识误区真不少

<正>基本医疗保障工作是我国卫生健康事业的重点工作之一,与百姓生活息息相关。因此,无论是卫生健康工作者,还是老百姓,对医保政策都非常重视。但在日常工作中,在医改相关报道中,常常出现词汇混淆和概念模糊,导致对医改政策解读不准确,影响了相关工作和待遇的落实。医保支付"制度"与"方式"近年来,随着国家对于各地医保支付方式改革的探索,此类文章的数量大大增多,其中很多文章常将"医保支付     

美国检验项目医保支付政策研究及启示

通过介绍美国检验项目开展现状,总结了美国公共医疗保险与商业医疗保险检验项目医保支付政策的支付原则、范围、依据、方式等特点,并指出了美国检验项目医保支付面临的问题,启示我国需注重合理需求、项目评估、费用控制及动态调控,以完善我国临床检验支付政策。     

我国医疗服务价格与医保支付方式改革政策协同性研究

目的通过整理分析2010—2017年全国城镇基本医疗保险数据,分析我国医疗服务价格与医保支付方式改革政策的协同性。方法在收集2017年以前年医疗服务价格和医保支付方式改革政策的基础上,从政策力度、政策措施和政策目标三个维度进行测量,利用测量结果对政策措施协同和政策目标协同性进行了研究分析。结果医改进入深水区、攻坚区,由于缺乏政策协同的程序性机制和技术细节,分散在不同政府部门间的医改政策协同作用越来越难以达到预期目标。结论成立国家医疗保障局有利于提升医改相关改革政策协同层次。同时从完善相关政策和提升政策目标协同有效性提出若干建议。     

“循证+价值”驱动下的中医药医保支付制度创新

目的:探讨适合中医药特点的医保支付方式,为完善中医药医保支付制度提供依据。方法:采取实地调研与文献研究相结合的方法,分析目前医疗机构所采取的按项目付费、按病种付费及总额预付方式对中医服务的利用及中医药事业发展的影响。结果:我国目前的医保支付方式并不符合中医药的特点,其在一定程度上制约了中医药特色及优势的发挥。结论:基于"循证+价值"的观点,提出总额预付和按病种付费结合的符合中医药发展规律的中医药医保制度。     

加拿大实验室诊断项目医保支付政策分析及启示

从医保制度背景、支付原则、范围和标准、支付方式及新实验室诊断技术支付情况等方面梳理了加拿大实验室诊断项目医保支付政策进展。并针对我国实验室诊断项目医保支付存在的主要问题提出:制定明确的实验室诊断支付政策;借鉴加拿大实验室诊断目录框架,引入限制条件及说明;建立卫生技术评估机制,为新技术报销决策提供支撑等建议。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.