成都市2144名中小学生超重肥胖现状分析

分析成都市7~15岁学龄儿童青少年超重肥胖现状,为预测该地区超重肥胖发展趋势提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样法,共获得成都市中、小学各2所7~15岁儿童青少年有效数据2 144份.测量儿童青少年的身高、体重,计算体质量指数(BMI).分别采用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)推荐的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准”以及国际肥胖工作组(IOTF)推荐的“儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准”评价超重和肥胖.结果 根据WGOC标准和IOTF标准,成都市7~15岁儿童青少年的超重率和肥胖率分别为10.68%,12.92%和6.53%,3.17%.不同性别学生超重率差异无统计学意义,男生肥胖率高于女生(P<0.05);男生超重率和肥胖率最高的年龄段分别为10~12岁和7~9岁,而女生超重率和肥胖率最高的年龄段均为10~12岁.结论 成都地区儿童青少年的肥胖问题男生较女生更为严重,且超重和肥胖出现低龄化.     

吉林市儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状

目的分析吉林市儿童青少年超重、肥胖的流行状况,为制定相应的防治策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法选取2011-2015年吉林市学生体质健康监测资料,对吉林市5~18岁学生196 454名进行体格检查,利用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)和国际肥胖工作组(IOTF)推荐的BMI标准筛查超重、肥胖。结果吉林市5~18岁儿童青少年男生肥胖率为20.2%,女生肥胖率为10.4%;男生超重率为19.0%,女生超重率为13.8%;‘超重+肥胖’:男生39.1%,女生24.2%;男生超重率、肥胖率均显著高于女生,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论吉林市儿童青少年男性比女性超重、肥胖情况更严重,均高于国内其他城市水平。吉林市超重、肥胖有一定的流行趋势,因此需采取有效干预措施降低发生率。     

济南市智力障碍儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状

了解济南市6~18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行现状,为超重肥胖相关预防政策的制定与实践提供参考.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,以济南市7所特殊教育学校的295名学生为对象,进行问卷调查与体格检查,使用《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》标准评价智力障碍儿童青少年的超重和肥胖.结果 济南市6~18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重、肥胖率分别为18.98%,22.71%,其中男生分别为21.39%,24.39%,女生分别为13.83%,19.15%.男生超重、肥胖率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).16~18岁年龄段学生超重率最高,为26.98%;10~12岁年龄段学生肥胖率最高,为23.46%.不同年龄段学生超重率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而肥胖率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).中度智障学生超重率和肥胖率均最高,分别为26.42%和31.13%.不同智障程度学生超重、肥胖率差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 济南市6~18岁智力障碍儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状处于较高水平.特殊教育学校、社区、家庭等应对此给予重视并采取针对性预防措施.     

中国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行特征

目的 分析我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,为制定肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中6~17岁儿童青少年调查资料,分析我国儿童青少年超重肥胖现状。6岁儿童采用WHO 2007年推荐的分年龄性别BMI超重肥胖判定标准判定超重肥胖,7~17岁儿童青少年采用《中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》中的分年龄、性别的BMI超重肥胖判定标准进行判定。结果 6~17岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为9.6%和6.4%,其中城市儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为11.0%（男生：12.8%,女生：9.0%）和7.7%（男生：9.7%,女生：5.5%）,农村儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为8.4%（男生：9.3%,女生：7.4%）和5.2%（男生：6.2%,女生：4.1%）。按家庭经济收入水平分,高、中和低家庭收入儿童青少年的超重率分别为12.3%、10.7%和8.2%,肥胖率分别为8.6%、7.2%和5.7%。结论 2012年,我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖表现为城市高于农村,男生高于女生;患病率与家庭经济收入水平有关。     

宁夏地区回汉族中小学生超重肥胖流行趋势分析

目的了解宁夏地区2005-2010年回族与汉族不同群体学生超重、肥胖流行趋势,为制定学生肥胖防治措施提供依据。方法使用2005和2010年宁夏地区全国学生体质调研资料的数据,利用中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖体质量指数(BMI)筛查标准,对7～18岁中小学生进行超重、肥胖筛查。结果汉族男生超重率2005年为7.9%,2010年为10.1%;肥胖率2005年为3.8%,2010年为5.1%。回族男生超重率2005年为4.0%,2010年为7.4%;肥胖率2005年为1.9%,2010年为4.7%。汉族女生超重率2005年为5.4%,2010年为5.7%;肥胖率2005年为1.8%,2010年为2.9%。回族女生超重率2005年为4.7%,2010年为5.9%;肥胖率2005年为1.3%,2010年为2.6%。城乡回、汉族7～12岁小学生是超重、肥胖高流行的群体。在控制了年龄、城乡、性别的影响后,2010年学生超重肥胖率高于2005年,汉族学生的超重、肥胖率高于回族学生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论宁夏地区城市和农村回、汉族中小学生超重和肥胖均已逐渐进入流行增长期,需要采取综合防治措施控制学生肥胖。     

阿克苏市汉族维吾尔族小学生超重肥胖现况

了解阿克苏市汉族、维吾尔族小学生超重和肥胖现状,为制定相应干预措施提供依据.方法 从2013年阿克苏市学生体检信息报表中抽取7~ 12岁汉族小学生5 377名,维吾尔族小学生4 984名,共10 361名.利用中国学生超重肥胖筛查BMI分类标准,判定超重和肥胖.结果 汉族小学生总体超重率(15.10%)、肥胖率(11.20%)高于维吾尔族小学生总体超重率(6.48%)、肥胖率(2.71%)(x2值分别为197.05,281.98,P值均<0.01).汉族男生总体超重率(18.11%)、肥胖率(13.69%)高于汉族女生总体超重率(11.87%)、肥胖率(8.52%)(x2值分别为40.73,36.10,P值均<0.01);维吾尔族男生超重率(7.60%)高于女生(5.40%)(x2=10.00,P<0.01);维吾尔族男、女生肥胖检出率分别为3.11%,2.48% (x2=1.01,P>0.05).汉族男生超重检出率有随年龄增长而增长的趋势,汉族男生肥胖检出率及汉、维女生超重、肥胖检出率均有随年龄增加而下降的趋势(P值均<0.05).结论 阿克苏市小学生超重肥胖已处于流行期.应及早采取综合预防措施,有效控制儿童肥胖的发生发展.     

鄂尔多斯市2008年蒙、汉族学生超重和肥胖结果分析

目的了解鄂尔多斯市7～18岁蒙、汉族学生超重和肥胖现状,为预防和控制学生营养过剩提供依据。方法利用2008年鄂尔多斯8所学校学生体检资料,按中国肥胖问题工作组《中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准》进行整理、统计分析。结果肥胖检出率汉族学生高于蒙族学生,汉族男女学生和蒙族女生在10～12岁组肥胖检出率最高,蒙族男生7～9岁为高,蒙、汉族学生在13岁以后肥胖呈下降趋势。超重检出率汉族男生最高,汉族女生、蒙族男女生相近。结论防治肥胖应从小从早抓起,积极采取干预措施,控制降低儿童青少年超重、肥胖的发生发展。     

四川省绵阳市7~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状分析

目的 了解四川省绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行现状,为制定预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖的策略与措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取100 116名7～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查与体格检查,以李辉制定的中国7～18岁学龄儿童超重肥胖筛查BMI界值点(kg/m2)标准作为划分超重、肥胖的标准。结果 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重率为14.24%,肥胖率为6.31%。男生、女生超重率分别为14.79%、13.68%,肥胖率分别为7.60%、4.99%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。7～9岁儿童超重、肥胖率最高,随着年龄增长有下降趋势(P<0.001)。涪城区、江油市儿童青少年超重率分别为15.77%、12.44%,肥胖率分别为7.63%、4.75%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 绵阳市7～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖有较高的检出率,政府、学校及家庭应采取相关措施来应对儿童青少年的超重肥胖问题。     

泰安市中小学生超重与肥胖流行趋势分析

肥胖与艾滋病、吸毒、酗酒并列为世界四大医学社会问题,并成为当今危害儿童青少年健康的重要公共卫生问题[1].目前全球儿童超重率接近10%,肥胖率为2%~3%;欧美发达国家儿童超重率高达20%~30%,肥胖率为5%~ 15%[2].2010年中国7~22岁学生体质与健康调研报告显示,学生超重和肥胖的检出率继续增加,城市男生、城市女生、乡村男生、乡村女生超重检出率分别为14.81%,9.92%,10.79%,8.03%[3].为了解近10 a来泰安市儿童青少年超重和肥胖的发展趋势,笔者对1999-2010年泰安市儿童体检资料进行了研究和分析.现将结果报道如下.     

藏族儿童青少年超重与肥胖现况分析

目的了解西藏藏族儿童青少年超重、肥胖及人体质量指数值分布情况，为促进学生营养健康提供依据。方法选取西藏拉萨市和那曲牧区藏族7～18岁中小学生共2538名为研究对象，以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）颁布的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数值分类标准”，对藏族学生的超重、肥胖情况进行筛查，并与全国汉族学生进行比较。结果与WG0C标准相比，藏族学生各年龄段BMI值的P85和P95值均相对较低；与全国汉族学生相比，拉萨市男、女生BMI值均偏低（尤以男生为明显）．那曲牧区男生略低，而女生相差不大。与全国汉族学生相比，拉萨市男生超重、肥胖检出率明显偏低，女生肥胖检出率偏低，但超重检出率在不同年龄组互有高低；那曲牧区男生超重、肥胖检出率相对较低，而女生相对较高。结论藏族男生超重与肥胖尚未形成流行趋势，而女生基本接近全国水平，整体营养水平相对落后，但仍应警惕肥胖趋势。     

宁夏汉族中小学生2000—2019年超重与肥胖变化趋势

  目的  了解2000—2019年宁夏7~18岁汉族中小学生超重肥胖变化趋势,为预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖提供科学依据。  方法  基于2000—2019年5次“全国学生体质与健康调研”中宁夏地区数据,选取7~18岁汉族中小学生体重、身高等数据进行趋势分析。  结果  2019年宁夏7~18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.34%(1 181/8 855),9.19%(814/8 855),男生2000—2019年超重增长率为11.68%,肥胖增长率为10.07%(χ2=27.60,P＜0.01)。女生2000—2019年超重增长率为6.95%,肥胖增长率为5.77%(χ2=33.82,P＜0.01)。城市男生的超重和肥胖总体增长率均最高,为11.38%和10.45%。农村男生的超重和肥胖增长率在2010年之后均高于城市男生(χ2值分别为13.90,17.09,P值均＜0.05),女生肥胖增长率在2014年之后农村均高于城市(χ2值分别为9.94,33.39,P值均＜0.05)。不论是城市还是农村,经济发展片区由好到差时,超重和肥胖检出率由高到低(χ2值分别为35.19,35.35,P值均＜0.01)。  结论  2000—2019年宁夏中小学生超重、肥胖检出率及体质量指数趋于持续性增长趋势,且农村超重和肥胖增长率逐渐超过城市。预防儿童青少年超重肥胖的具体措施应尽快制定,降低因儿童青少年超重肥胖所造成的社会经济负担。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a national representative sample of Greek children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek school age children and adolescents. DESIGN: Nationwide representative survey. SETTING: Primary and secondary schools all over Greece. SUBJECTS: In all, 6448 students (50.4% boys, 49.6% girls) 6-17 years old. METHOD: A nationwide multistage procedure was followed to obtain a representative sample of youths. Body mass and height were measured by trained personnel. Data were collected between October 1990 and May 1991. RESULTS: According to the 12-month-International Obesity Task Force cutoff values, the overall prevalence of overweight was 17.3% (16.9% for boys, 17.6% for girls). The rate of obesity was 3.6% (3.8% for boys, 3.3% for girls). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was decreasing with age in girls (6-9 years: 23.2 and 6.7%, respectively, 10-17 years: 14.8 and 1.6%, respectively). In boys, the prevalence of overweight was higher in 10-17 years (19.3 and 2.7%, for the rate of overweight and obesity, respectively) than in 6-9 years (12.1 and 5.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek children and adolescents is comparable to that reported for most European countries.     

中国学龄儿童青少年1985～2000年超重、肥胖流行趋势动态分析

目的 分析中国不同群体儿童青少年1985～2000年期间超重、肥胖流行动态。方法 资料来自1985、1991、1995和2000年全国学生体质健康调查,7～18岁汉族儿童青少年共计98万余人,分大城市、中小城市、富裕乡村、中下水平乡村4个群体,统一使用中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)新制定的中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖体重指数筛查分类标准,筛查超重、肥胖,分析不同群体在不同年代的检出率。结果 1985年,中国即使大城市男女儿童青少年肥胖检出率也仅为0．2％和0．1％,超重率1％～2％,无实质性肥胖流行。90年代开始超重率大幅上升,增幅城市高于乡村,男生高于女生。北京等发达大城市男性7～9岁、10～12岁和女性7～9岁年龄组肥胖率分别为4．7％、3．8％和3．2％,肥胖高发人群初步形成。学生人群中营养不良和超重增加趋势并存,两极分化明显。1995年前后,城乡均出现超重检出率大幅增长．发达大城市男女超重率分别比10年前增长3倍和2倍;肥胖检出率男性6％～8％,女性4％～6％。2000年前后,大城市进入肥胖全面增长期,北京等发达大城市男性7～9岁、10～12岁和女性7～9岁、10～12岁年龄组超重 肥胖检出率分别达到254％、25．5％和17．0％、14．3％,男性小学生肥胖率分别为12．9％和9．1％,接近中等发达国家水平。其他群体超重率都增长迅猛,但肥胖率还较低,中小城市为4．8％(男)和2．6％(女),富裕乡村为1．2％(男)和0．9％(女),经济中下水平乡村为0．9％(男)和1．2％(女)。结论 中国儿童青少年总体上处于肥胖流行早期,但增势迅猛。提出加强监测、营养教育、科学膳食、有氧锻炼、培养健康饮食行为等肥胖综合防治策略,并针对大城市、中小城市和乡村人群不同特点分别提出有针对性的措施,以达到早期预防超重发生、控制超重向肥胖发展的目标。     

The epidemiology of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, 1995-97

OBJECTIVES: To determine the population prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents, based on measured body mass index (BMI). To determine if overweight and obesity are distributed differentially across the population of young Australians. METHODS: Data from three independent surveys were analysed. In each, height and weight were measured by trained surveyors using valid, comparable methods. BMI (kg/m2) was used as the index of adiposity and recently published international BMI cut-off values used to categorise each subject as non-overweight, overweight or obese. RESULTS: The population prevalence and distribution of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were generally consistent across datasets. The ranges of the prevalence of non-overweight, overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity combined were 79-81%, 14-16%, 5% and 19-21% (boys) respectively and 76-79%, 16-18%, 5-6% and 21-24% (girls). There were no consistent relationships between the prevalence of overweight/obesity and sex, age or SES. Their prevalence was up to 4% higher in urban than rural areas among boys, but there were no differences between urban and rural girls. The data suggest a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among students from European or Middle-Eastern cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Some 19-23% of Australian children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. Although urban/rural, SES and cultural background differentials were noted, only the last warrants a targeted health promotion response. IMPLICATIONS: Overweight/obesity is a prevalent health risk factor among Australian children and adolescents. More information is needed to understand whether targeted approaches are required for specific ethnic groups in addition to broad, population-based approaches.     

吴忠市回、汉族中小学生超重肥胖现况调查

目的:了解宁夏吴忠地区回汉族中小学生超重、肥胖的流行现况。方法:采取分层整群抽样的方法,抽取吴忠地区1 728例回汉族学生进行身高、体重测量。以"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数值分类标准"进行超重、肥胖的筛查。结果:吴忠地区中小学生超重和肥胖率分别为6.1%和2.6%,且汉族学生高于回族学生(P<0.05),城市学生高于农村学生(P<0.01),男生高于女生(P<0.01)。结论:应以城市男生为重点,加强中小学生预防肥胖的营养教育。     

Geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children

OBJECTIVE: To examine the geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Using BMI data from the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey and the 1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this study assessed: 1). the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian boys and girls ages 7 to 13 years; 2). secular trends in the prevalence of overweight from 1981 to 1996, by province and adjusted for age and sex; and 3). provincial variation in the prevalence of overweight, before and after adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of boys and girls classified as overweight in 1996 was 33% and 26%, respectively. The corresponding figures for obesity were 10% for boys and 9% for girls. Provincial variation was observed with a trend of increasing risk of being overweight from west to east. Socioeconomic status was inversely related to the prevalence of overweight regardless of geographic region. The risk of being overweight was more related to geography (province) than demographic variables (income and family background); however, the effect of secular trends (1981 to 1996) exceeded the effect of geographic or demographic variables. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in all areas of Canada and can be explained only partially by geographic or demographic characteristics.     

2016年四川省儿童青少年学生生长发育与营养状况分析

目的 描述并分析四川省儿童青少年学生的生长发育与营养状况。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样,抽取四川省12个城市的14772名7~18岁学生的学校体检数据进行了整理分析,按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》评价生长迟缓、消瘦、超重及肥胖等学生营养状况。结果 四川省学生的身高、体重、BMI之间均随着年龄逐渐升高,各年龄段学生的平均身高、体重均低于全国平均身高。四川省儿童青少年营养不良检出率为10.11%,生长迟缓率、轻度消瘦、中重度消瘦检出率男生分别为2.33%、7.51%、3.12%,女生1.26%、4.32%、2.31%,男生高于女生。农村高于城市。营养过剩检出率为13.73%,超重、肥胖检出率男生高于女生,城市高于农村。且营养过剩检出率高于营养不良。结论 四川省儿童青少年平均身高、体重低于全国水平,其营养状况结果表明四川省儿童青少年学生特别是男生存在着消瘦与超重、肥胖的共存现象,这警醒在进行营养改善计划时,要防止营养过剩的发生。     

Overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents

The objective of this study is to obtain reliable data from recent studies concerned with obesity and its determinants in Portuguese children and adolescents. We searched in Medline/PubMed published data on overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents; search terms included “Portugal”, “overweight”, “obesity”, “children” and “adolescents”. We also conducted limited hand-searching of additional studies from PhD theses and other academic theses that addressed overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Studies that considered body mass index based on self-reported weight and height were excluded. We identified 15 studies that reported overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Portugal, but 1 study was excluded because it included self-reported weight and height. The International Task Force Recommendation (IOTF) using Cole cut-offs was the most used criterion to estimate overweight and obesity, followed by the age- and sex-specific BMI reference percentiles developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The range of ages in these studies was between 2 and 15 years. There were some variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among studies and different regions. In children between 3 and 5 years of age, one study reported that overweight reached 13.6% in boys and 20.4% in girls, and obesity varied between 6.5% and 6.9%, respectively, in boys and girls. Between 6 and 10 years of age (using the IOTF definition), in boys, the prevalence of overweight varied from 14.7 to 30.5% and obesity from 5.3 to 13.2%; in girls, overweight values ranged from 16.5 to 29.1% and obesity from 6.4 to 12.6%. One study evaluated only adolescents that were born in 1990 (ages varied between 13 and 14 years) and reported both prevalences of overweight and obesity; the applied method was CDC criteria; in boys, the percentage of overweight was 16.9%, and obesity prevalence was 11.3%; in girls, overweight was 16.0% and the percentage of obese was 9.2%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents may be considered as alarming, and early intervention to prevent obesity is needed.