山西省、重庆市4县区农村居民身体活动状况研究

目的 了解山西、重庆农村地区居民身体活动状况及影响因素。方法 选取山西、重庆4县区当地居住≥1年,且2年内没有迁出计划的≥18岁居民为调查对象。通过面对面问卷调查,收集调查对象每日身体活动时间,静坐时间,相关知识、态度情况等数据。结果 调查对象身体活动不足率为14.9%,从不锻炼率为88.7%,每日静坐时间（3.91±2.06）h,多因素分析结果显示文化程度、人均月收入和身体活动行为阶段是身体活动不足的影响因素。结论 调查地区从不锻炼率高于全国农村平均水平,应采取措施全面提高锻炼率。对“有锻炼意愿、但无行动”人群和已增加身体活动的人群,在加强健康教育的同时,应有针对性地提供指导。     

深圳市坪山区居民身体活动现状及影响因素分析

目的了解深圳市坪山区居民身体活动现状,分析其主要影响因素,为健康促进、健康教育及不同人群的健康管理工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,使用国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)对深圳市坪山区6个社区共1 002名调查对象进行入户问卷调查。结果调查共获得有效问卷986份,其中男性460人,女性526人;高、中、低身体活动水平人数分别为586人(59.43%)、276人(27.99%)和124人(12.58%),身体活动类型以职业性为主(53.37%),休闲性身体活动占总身体活动量的15.28%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、居住年限、文化程度以及职业是身体活动不足的主要相关联因素。结论深圳市坪山区居民身体活动类型以职业性为主;年龄较高,居住年限短,文化程度较高,国家机关、企事业单位等职业的人群更易发生身体活动不足的情况,是重点干预对象。     

福州市鼓山镇居民体育锻炼现状及其影响因素调查

目的了解鼓山镇居民体育锻炼的现状，为今后更好地推动城乡结合部居民体育活动的开展提供基线资料。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样法，以集中调查和人户调查相结合的形式，利用自制鼓山镇居民常见恶性肿瘤相关行为危险因素调查表对福州鼓山镇7个行政单位（行政村和居委会）中年龄≥20岁的2412名常住居民进行体育锻炼状况调查，同时进行实地观察。结果28．4％的调查对象缺乏体育锻炼；在经常锻炼人群中66．3％调查对象平时仅参与一项活动；户外步行、太极拳、慢跑是体育锻炼者常选择的前3项运动项目；“没有时间”成为鼓山镇居民缺乏体育锻炼的首位主观原因；年龄与体育锻炼存在关联。结论鼓山镇居民参加规律性体育锻炼的比例较高，参加的体育锻炼项目呈互动性、方便的特点，但在不同性别、年龄等人群间存在较大差异。社区健康管理应加强中青年人群对体育锻炼的重视程度。     

广东省珠海市居民自我健康评价状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解广东省珠海市居民自我健康评价状况及其影响因素。方法应用整群抽样方法在珠海市香洲、斗门和金湾3个行政区内分别抽取6个居委会和6个行政村15～69岁人群进行自我健康评价问卷调查,应用Logistic回归分析自我健康评价影响因素。结果珠海市居民自我健康评价综合测量平均分为69.5±10.0分,高于其理论平均分,及格率为56.1%;Logistic回归分析显示随着家庭收入的增加,调查对象的社会适应因子及格率随之增高,身体没有疾病的调查对象社会适应因子及格率高于有疾病者;调查对象随着年龄的增大,身体状态因子的及格率随之降低,但随着文化程度的升高而随之增高;身体有疾病的调查对象其心理状态因子及格率高于无疾病的。结论珠海市居民自我健康评价状况较好,与调查对象家庭收入、文化程度、身体的疾病状态和工作忙碌程度有关。     

天津市社区居民护理需求及影响因素调查分析

目的分析天津市社区居民护理需求及影响因素。方法本调查的目标人群是天津市城乡居民,2012年12月—2013年6月采用多阶段抽样从天津市16个行政区选取1 600人作为调查对象。由当地社区居委会管理人员或社区卫生服务人员对社区内符合条件的居民发放并回收调查问卷。定性资料以构成比来描述,影响因素采用多重回归进行分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果居民的社区护理需求总体平均得分(118.39±5.51)分,疾病护理需求平均得分(39.75±4.45)分,预防保健需求平均得分(37.85±4.55)分,健康教育需求平均得分(36.53±4.51)分。社区居民护理需求的影响因素依次为:是否患病、年龄、医疗费用来源、家庭医疗开支、文化程度、工作状态和家庭人均收入。年龄越大、失业或退休人员、文化程度越高、目前患病者、家庭人均收入越高、家庭医疗开支越高以及非医保者对社区护理服务的需求越高。结论居民的社区护理需求非常迫切,需要根据不同的影响因素有针对性的进行社区护理服务工作。     

秦皇岛市北戴河区社区居民高血压流行特征的分祈

目的为了掌握秦皇岛市北戴河区社区居民高血压患病情况及影响发病的危险因素,探讨社区居民高血压的防治对策。方法对抽样人群采用入户调查方式,集中测定血压,填写统一设计的调查表格。结果北戴河区社区居民高血压患病率为15.19%,其中男性高于女性;60岁以上人群明显高发;不同文化程度人群患病率呈现出文化程度高患病率低的态势;不同收入人群中的患病率差异不明显;不同体质指数人群中,体重正常的患病率明显低于超重和肥胖的患病率。结论高血压是该区社区居民中一种常见、高发病。性别、年龄、体力活动情况、精神因素、饮食习惯和肥胖可能是导致高血压的诱发因素。     

北京某社区老年居民慢性病健康知识和公共卫生服务需求调查

目的了解北京市社区老年居民的慢性病健康知识知晓状况和公共卫生服务需求情况。方法采用调查问卷方法对北京市石景山区八宝山社区老年居民进行调查,调查内容包括空腹血糖、血压、体质指数、腰围正常值和慢性病高危人群标准。结果 643名调查对象的空腹血糖、血压、体质指数、男性腰围、女性腰围正常值的知晓率分别为83.7%、84.6%、70.9%、52.1%、50.5%;空腹血糖、血压、体质指数、男性腰围、女性腰围正常值的知晓率在不同性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平组间进行比较,只有不同文化程度组间血压的正常值的知晓率差异有统计学意义(P=0.042),其余组间差异均无统计学意义;慢性病高危人群标准知识知晓率从高到低依次为空腹血糖、血压、吸烟、腰围、血清总胆固醇。公共卫生需求从高到低依次为健康体检、健康宣教、身体锻炼的活动场地、社区医生提供的规范化管理、慢性病自我管理小组。结论应加强老年居民健康宣传教育,增强健康意识,提高生存质量。     

成都市某社区居民社会支持及健康状况调查研究

目的了解成都市某社区居民社会支持及健康状况,并进行影响因素分析,同时探讨社会支持对居民健康的影响情况,为社区居民的健康促进及社区卫生服务提供重要的依据和建议。方法运用欧洲的五维健康量表(EQ-5D)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对1 017名15岁及以上常住居民进行测评,采用描述性分析、统计推断等对社会支持和健康状况影响因素进行分析。结果受访者生命质量得分为(0.84±0.04)分,被调查居民主要健康问题为疼痛/不适,焦虑/抑郁。这两个维度有中度及以上问题的比例分别为8.80%和4.70%;EQVAS评分平均值为(85.75±10.74)分。年龄、性别、就业状况、文化程度等因素对生命质量健康指数的影响,差异无统计学意义;调查对象社会支持得分为(40.34±7.26)分,男性社会支持得分(40.96±7.08)高于女性(39.94±7.35),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);学生的社会支持得分在各职业中最低(37.00±6.89),职业不同的居民社会支持得分差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05;调查对象慢性病患病率为20.60%,其中离退休居民慢性病患病率最高(40.19%,P<0.05),初中及以下低文化程度居民慢性病患病率(36.40%)高于高中及以上高文化程度者(15.08%),P<0.05。结论关注离退休者、初中及以下人群的健康状况;关注女性和学生社会支持情况。     

静态职业人群身体活动现状调查

目的了解不同社会经济状况的静态职业人群的身体活动特点。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在北京市顺义区、海淀区和浙江省嘉兴市、桐乡市选取35—60岁以坐位读写为主要职业劳动形式的职业人群,进行有关社会经济状况和身体活动特点的问卷调查。结果共调查1031人。步行、骑车、中等强度业余锻炼、高强度业余锻炼等身体活动的总参与率为57．8％,并随文化程度和家庭人均收入的增长而增加（x2=25．699,P〈0．01;x2=8．768,P〈0．05）。48．0％的调查对象每周中、高强度身体活动合计量达到或超过了450～750（MET—min／w）的建议水平。不同年龄、不同文化程度者的身体活动达标情况的差异有统计学意义（x2=17．647,P〈0．01;x2=29．967,P〈0．01）,不同家庭人均收入水平者的身体活动达标情况的差异无统计学意义（x2=12．784,P〉0．05）。结论中等强度及以上身体活动的总参与率受文化程度和家庭人均收入的影响,身体活动达标情况与年龄、文化程度有关。     

珠海市居民健康素养多因素统计模型

目的了解珠海市居民健康素养影响因素。方法应用整群抽样方法在珠海市香洲、斗门和金湾3个行政区内分别抽取6个居委会和6个行政村15～69岁人群进行健康素养问卷调查,对珠海市居民健康素养影响因素进行综合分析。结果健康知识因子的大小与调查对象的性别、文化程度、职业和家庭收入有关;健康理念因子与调查对象的年龄、文化程度、职业和购买保险有关;健康行为因子与调查对象的性别、职业、家庭收入和身体疾病状况有关;健康技能因子与身体的疾病状况有关。结论珠海市居民健康素养水平主要受性别、文化程度、职业、家庭收入、疾病、年龄等因素的影响。     

Causes and types of health effects during the use of crop protection chemicals: data from a survey of over 6,300 smallholder applicators in 24 different countries

Purpose  The present investigation looks in detail at the causes and types of health incidents reported by 6,300 mainly smallholder agrochemical users in 24 countries during 2005 and 2006. Methods  The investigation is based on a questionnaire survey of knowledge, attitude and practice that concentrated on the sequence of events from purchasing the pesticide to disposal. Information was also collected about health problems experienced while using agrochemicals. The survey targeted mainly smallholder knapsack spray operators who were expected to be at a highest risk of exposure. Results  In the 12 months prior to interview, 1.2% of users reported an agrochemical-related incident that required hospital treatment, 5.8% reported an incident requiring at least trained medical treatment but not hospitalisation and 19.8% reported only a minor sign or symptom. Users who had experienced an incident involving agricultural equipment were 3.38 (95% CI 2.29–4.99) times more likely to experience an agrochemical-related health incident, but confident users who felt that their use of personal protective equipment while spraying was best practice were 0.60 (95% CI 0.44–0.84) times less likely to experience such an incident. Over 80% of product-related incidents were caused by insecticides and the incidence rate per spraying time for incidents linked to insecticides was significantly higher than that for fungicides or herbicides. Headache/dizziness and nausea/vomiting, often smell related, were the most common symptoms reported by users who listed agrochemical products that had caused them health problems (52 and 38% of product mentions, respectively). Conclusions  In most countries, the incidence of serious health effects was low; however, there was a high incidence of minor signs and symptoms in a few countries, especially in Africa. A disproportionate number of incidents occurred during insecticide use relative to the time that they were sprayed. Failure to exercise caution as indicated by whether users had incidents involving agricultural equipment or livestock, and lack of confidence in their practices were the most important predictors of agrochemical-related incidents.     

北京市2014年中小学生体育锻炼知识态度行为

了解北京市中小学生体育锻炼相关知识、态度及行为,为学校落实体育锻炼制度、加强体育健康教育提供依据.方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法,从北京市4个区县中选取16所学校,对小学三~五年级、初中一~二年级共6 421名中小学生进行体育锻炼相关知识、态度、行为问卷调查.结果 中小学生体育锻炼相关健康知识总知晓率为53.55%,初中(58.36%)高于小学(50.62%),郊区(56.98%)高于城区(47.87%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为435.520,603.140,P值均<0.05);中小学生愿意每天进行lh体育锻炼活动的报告率为49.49%,喜欢上体育课和体育活动课的报告率为75.11%,喜欢上课间操的报告率为60.36%;中小学生每天在校锻炼时间≥lh的报告率为58.78%,课间10min能够到户外进行活动的报告率为8.72%,家庭体育锻炼能够达到≥5次/周的报告率为32.38%.结论 北京市中小学生体育锻炼相关知识、意愿欠佳,自主体育锻炼行为及家庭体育锻炼情况严重不足,体育健康教育亟待加强.     

Trail User Demographics, Physical Activity Behaviors, and Perceptions of a Newly Constructed Greenway Trail

To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; trail users' purpose for using the trail; the distance trail users traveled to access the trail from their homes; channels through which trail users learned about the trail; and trail characteristics liked by trail users. Using a valid and reliable intercept survey, 1,148 trail users were interviewed. Trail users were mostly white (93.1%), male (59.1%) adults (84.2%) who reported using the trail for exercise (91%). Significant associations were identified between trail user demographic characteristics and how trail users learned about the trail and trail characteristics liked by trail users. The findings may contribute to the development of targeted health promotion efforts to promote physical activity on this and similar trails.     

山东省大中小学生体育锻炼态度及相关作息情况调查

目的了解山东省大中小学生体育锻炼及相关作息情况，探讨学生体质下降的原因，为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法在参加2005年学生体质健康调研的学校中，随机抽取4029名大中小学生和184名体育教师进行问卷调查。结果学生对体育锻炼的重要性都持肯定态度，多数学生喜欢上体育课．愿意参加学校组织的体育活动；但愿意参加长跑和力量性锻炼的学生所占比例较低。中学生课余作业时间较长，体育锻炼和睡眠时间较少，学习负担较重。学生不积极参加体育锻炼的原因主要是怕累、怕吃苦。结论应减轻学生的学习负担，改进体育教学。加强学生意志的磨练．保证足够的体育锻炼时间和强度。     

江苏省无锡市社区“健康121行动策略”干预效果调查

目的了解居民社区"健康121行动策略"运动干预的短期效果,以期指导居民持之以恒地坚持运动。方法采用干预前后问卷调查和干预后对居民进行体质测量并与本市2008年体质监测公告数据比较进行评价。结果干预后居民参加运动的比例上升12.87%,运动持续平均时间增加15.81分钟;体质测量,20~59岁年龄组男性有3项,女性有2项,测量结果显著高于监测公告值;60~79岁年龄组男性有3项测量结果显著高于监测公告值,60~79岁年龄组女性测量7项未显著高于监测公告值的测量项。结论在社区开展运动干预,对居民参加运动意识的形成效果明显,对体质改善效果有限。     

Exercise Preference Patterns, Resources, and Environment Among Rural Breast Cancer Survivors

ABSTRACT:  Context: Rural breast cancer survivors may be at increased risk for inadequate exercise participation. Purpose: To determine for rural breast cancer survivors: (1) exercise preference "patterns," (2) exercise resources and associated factors, and (3) exercise environment. Methods: A mail survey was sent to rural breast cancer survivors identified through a state cancer registry, and 483 (30%) responded. Findings: The majority (96%) were white, with mean education of 13 (±2.5) years and mean 39.0 (±21.5) months since diagnosis. Most participants (67%) preferred face-to-face counseling from an exercise specialist (27%) or other individual (40%). A third (31%) preferred home-based exercise with non face-to-face counseling from someone other than an exercise specialist. Participants preferring face-to-face counseling were more apt to prefer supervised exercise (38% vs 9%, P < 0.001) at a health club (32% vs 8%, P < 0.001). Home exercise equipment was reported by 63%, with 97% reporting home telephone and 67% reporting Internet access. Age, education, self-efficacy, treatment status, and exercise behavior were associated with exercise resources. The physical environment was often not conducive to exercise but a low crime rate and high trust in neighbors was reported. Conclusions: Rural health education programs encouraging exercise should offer multiple programming options while considering the physical environment and capitalizing on available resources and beneficial social environmental characteristics.     

四川省西昌市吸毒人群HCV感染及其危险因素研究

目的　了解四川省西昌市吸毒人群吸毒方式及性行为特征与HCV感染的关系。方法　于2 0 0 4 - 0 5 / 0 7,调查四川省西昌市吸毒人群的社会人口学、吸毒方式及性行为特征与HCV感染的关系。采集血样进行HCV和梅毒抗体检测。结果　在调查的吸毒人群6 19人中,HCV感染率为5 5 .9% (346 / 6 19) ,其中静脉吸毒者的HCV感染率为71 9% (2 35 / 32 7)。在单因素和多因素分析中,曾经静脉注射吸毒(OR =2 .6 3;95 %CI为1 .79～3 .89,P <0 .0 0 1)和曾经共用针头或注射器具吸毒(OR =2 .98,95 %CI为1 .78～5 . 0 0 ,P <0 . 0 0 1)与HCV感染有统计学意义。结论　吸毒人群HCV感染与其高危吸毒行为有关。     

静脉吸毒共用注射器具方式和性行为与丙型肝炎病毒感染关系的研究

目的 了解四川省凉山州某地区静脉吸毒人群共用注射器具方式及性行为与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的关系。方法 以社区为基础使用标准化问卷调查静脉吸毒人群人口学特征和静脉吸毒共用注射器具方式、性行为情况;通过检测研究对象的HCV抗体确定是否感染HCV。结果 在静脉吸毒379人中,静脉吸毒人群HCV感染率为对71.0％(269/379)。单因素分析结果显示近3个月共用针头或注射器和既往感染梅毒在HCV感染方面差异有统计学意义。趋势性检验发现随着共用针头或注射器、共用洗针头或注射器水的频率以及共用注射器具伙伴数的增加HCV的感染率也在增加。多因素分析结果显示,近3个月共用针头或注射器。既往感染梅毒是HCV感染的危险因素,其OR值分别为1.468(95％CI:1.045～2.061)和2.914(95％CI:1.327～6.398)。未见性行为对HCV感染的影响。结论 需考虑采用定群血清流行病学研究来进一步阐明静脉吸毒共用注射器具方式及性行为同HCV感染的关系及其联系强度。     

239厂职工健康状况现状分析与疾病防治对策研究

目的 了解239厂健康教育组织机构的网络建设、职工的卫生服务需求、主要健康问题、行为危险因素流行水平以及职工对健康教育的需求，为制定预防和控制健康危险因素的规划和计划提供依据。方法 使用定性和定量的方法，收集与健康教育机构工作有关的文字资料，进行3个专题小组访谈；对2787人进行体检，对470人进行行为危险因素问卷调查。结果 慢病患病率为43．0％，男性为40．8％、女性为46．4％；职工吸烟率为40.0％，饮酒率为30．0％；不参加体育锻炼率为61．0％。职工的主要健康问题是高血压、高胆固醇血症。结论 职工健康知识正确知晓率较低；吸烟、饮酒、不参加体育锻炼的行为发生率较高，工厂应增加对健康教育的投入；并制定相应的健康促进对策，改善工厂的物理环境。     

A health promotion programme in Adventist and non-Adventist women based on Pender's model: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: In the last decades, the epidemiological and demographic transition in Chile has resulted in a considerable increase in diet-related non-communicable chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a health promotion programme (HPP) on behaviour in terms of the dimensions of the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) based on Pender's model. Pender based his research on the development of a model that explains, predicts and modifies forms of behaviour that promote health; an HPP based on this model may achieve positive changes that promote a healthy lifestyle. STUDY DESIGN: This was a comparative study and the participants were Seventh-Day Adventist Church women (SDAW) and non-Seventh-Day Adventist Church women (NSDAW) aged 20-45 years from the urban area of Villarrica, Ninth Region of Chile. From a population of 300 women (150 SDAW and 150 NSDAW), a random sample of 18 SDAW and 18 NSDAW was chosen. Both groups were comparable in age and socio-economic status. An HPP was undertaken for both groups between April and September 2002. The response rate was 100%. METHODS: The overall score and the scores for the six dimensions of the HPLP (self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support and stress management) were measured in the pre- and post-test periods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Sign test and Wilcoxon's test. Data were processed using the statistical analysis system. RESULTS: In both groups, the median scores increased significantly between the pre- and post-test periods for the overall HPLP score and the scores of the six dimensions. When comparing the median scores in SDAW with NSDAW, only the score for nutrition was significantly higher in SDAW than NSDAW in both the pre-test (P<0.0001) and post-test (P<0.0005) periods. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that an HPP based on Pender's model improves behaviour related to a health-promoting lifestyle in both groups, but more so for the NASDW.