医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus and drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite

We conducted a population-based case-control study of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus in Nebraska, U.S.A. Nitrate concentrations in public drinking water supplies were linked to residential water source histories. Among those using private wells at the time of the interview, we measured nitrate levels in water samples from wells. Dietary nitrate and nitrite were estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire. Among those who primarily used public water supplies (79 distal stomach, 84 esophagus, 321 controls), average nitrate levels were not associated with risk (highest versus lowest quartile: stomach OR=1.2, 95% CI [0.5-2.7]; esophagus OR=1.3, 95% CI [0.6-3.1]). We observed the highest ORs for distal stomach cancer among those with higher water nitrate ingestion and higher intake of processed meat compared with low intakes of both; however, the test for positive interaction was not significant (p=0.213). We did not observe this pattern for esophagus cancer. Increasing intake of nitrate and nitrite from animal sources was associated with elevated ORs for stomach cancer and with a significant positive trend in risk of esophagus cancer (P-trend=0.325 and 0.015, respectively). Larger studies with higher exposures to drinking water sources of nitrate are warranted to further evaluate N-nitroso compound precursors as risk factors for these cancers.     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展，环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种，用途广泛，但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

人事聘用与工资制度改革的实践与体会

宜都市第一人民医院试行了以因事设岗、职位分级；竞争上岗、按岗聘用；岗位工资、绩效考核为内容的岗位聘用合同制和工资制度的改革实践，采取宣传发动、报批方案、分步实施、有序指导的改革措施，促进了该院员工观念的转变．加快了医院发展步伐，推进了“两个文明”建设，获得了诸多体会。     

浸润性和转移性膀胱癌的诊断和评价

一、膀胱癌的分级与分期 1.膀胱癌的组织学类型:尿路被覆的上皮统称为尿路上皮(urothelium).传统上将尿路上皮称为移行上皮(transitional epithelium).目前在文献和习惯上这两个名词常常被交替使用.膀胱癌的组织学类型包括尿路上皮癌、鳞状细胞癌和腺癌,其次还有较少见的转移性癌、小细胞癌和癌肉瘤等.     

Drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite and risk of glioma

OBJECTIVE: Dietary nitrite has been associated with increased glioma risk; however, drinking water nitrate has not been extensively evaluated. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of adult glioma in Nebraska. Water utility nitrate measurements were linked to residential water source histories. We computed average nitrate exposure over a 20-year period. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary nitrate and nitrite. RESULTS: Increasing quartiles of the average nitrate level in drinking water were not significantly associated with risk (adjusted odd ratios: 1.4, 1.2, 1.3). Risk was similar among those with both higher and lower intakes of vitamin C, an inhibitor of N-nitroso compound formation. Dietary nitrite intake was not associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support a role for drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite in risk of adult glioma.     

Absorption and excretion of cholecalciferol and of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and metabolites in birds

The absorption and excretion in vivo of cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) were determined in chicks (Gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The overall net cholecalciferol or 25-HCC absorption in chicks and cholecalciferol in turkey poults was 66.5 +/- 3.3, 74.9 +/- 3.7 and 83.6 +/- 7.1% of the intake, respectively. The absorption of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC in chicks and turkeys occurred at the upper part of the intestine. 25-HCC, esters and non-polar metabolites of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC, and their polar metabolites, were secreted in the duodenum of chicks and turkeys but were partially reabsorbed at the upper part of the jejunum.     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

结核病的"复燃"及其防治对策

1 .国内外结核病疫情现状结核病在 2 0世纪 6 0年代曾被宣称“作为一个公共卫生问题将于 2 0 0 0年被消灭”[1] 。此后 ,由于各国对结核病控制工作的忽视、人口流动的增加、耐药结核病的增多以及结核病与艾滋病合并感染等原因 ,结核病在全球死灰复燃 ,严重危害了人类的健康 ,不仅成为严重的公共卫生问题 ,也是影响各国发展的重大的社会和经济问题。 1993年世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布“结核病全球紧急状态” ,全球每年约有2 0 0万人死于结核病 ,2 0 2 0年死亡总数估计将达到35 0 0万[2～ 3] 。我国是世界上 2 2个结核病高负担国家之一 ,结核病…     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。