吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌关系的全人群病例对照研究

 目的　探讨吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌的关系。方法　采用全人群病例对照研究 ,研究对象为 1997年6月 1日～ 2 0 0 1年 5月 31日期间确诊的、年龄在 35～ 74岁的上海市区 6 2 7例胆道癌新发病例以及按性别、年龄 (5岁一组 )频数配对的 95 9例人群对照。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析吸烟、饮酒与胆道癌的关系。结果　男性中 ,吸烟对肝外胆管癌和壶腹癌各组的调整OR均大于 1,现仍吸烟者的调整OR分别为 1.5 1(95 %CI:0 .86～ 2 .6 6 ) ,1.5 8(95 %CI:0 .6 9～ 3.5 8) ;OR随吸烟年限增加和开始吸烟年龄提早有所升高 ,但均未达显著水平。饮酒对胆道癌各组OR均无统计学意义。结论　吸烟也许与肝外胆管癌、壶腹癌有联系 ,未发现吸烟与胆囊癌的显著性关联 ;未发现饮酒与胆道癌的显著性关联。     

饮茶与膀胱癌关系的上海市区全人群病例对照研究

目的:研究饮茶与膀胱癌的关系。方法:1996年1月~1999年6月,在上海市区开展了一项基于全人群的膀胱癌病例-对照研究,共访问了608例膀胱癌病例和607例健康对照。采用非条件logistic回归模型计算比数比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)来衡量饮茶与膀胱癌的关系。结果:饮茶对非吸烟男性膀胱癌有保护作用,OR=0.58(95%CI:0.33~1.00);且随着饮茶量的增加,膀胱癌的危险性降低。以从不饮茶者为参比组,每月饮茶<150 g、150~200 g和>200 g者的OR值分别为0.92(95%CI:0.40~2.15)、0.42(95%CI:0.16~1.12)和0.52(95%CI:0.27~1.00),趋势检验有统计学意义(P=0.027),分析中调整了年龄、职业、饮酒、膀胱感染和体质指数等混杂因素。在男性吸烟者中,由于吸烟因素本身的作用较强,未见饮茶的保护作用。由于样本量限制,未观察到饮茶对女性的保护作用。结论:饮茶(特别是绿茶)有可能是非吸烟男性膀胱癌的保护因素。     

胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性和饮酒习惯与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的:研究胸苷酸合成酶(thymidylate synthase,TS)基因5′-非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)、3′-UTR多态性及其与饮酒之间的联合作用和结直肠癌易感性的关系.方法: 采用以医院为基础的结直肠癌病例对照研究(结直肠癌新发病例300例,对照300例)方法,PCR-RFLP方法进行基因分型.结果:辽宁人群携带2R/2R基因型者发生结直肠癌风险程度下降,OR值为0 35(95%CI:0 12～0 98).TS 5′-UTR和3′-UTR与吸烟程度之间存在交互作用,P值分别为0 006和0 001;在吸烟≥16包年者中,TS 3′-UTR del6/del6基因型者患结直肠癌的风险明显下降,OR值为0 17(95%CI:0 05～0 56).TS 5′-UTR与饮酒年限之间存在交互作用,P=0 04.结论: TS 5′-UTR2R/2R基因是结直肠癌的保护因素,TS多态性与吸烟、饮酒之间存在一定的交互作用.     

p53codon72单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌发病风险的关系

[目的]探讨广西地区p53基因codon72单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肝细胞癌(HCC)发病风险的关系。[方法]采用TaqMan MGB探针等位基因分型技术对985例肝癌病例和相匹配的992例非肿瘤对照的p53 codon72(Arg>Pro,rs1042522)基因型进行检测,并分析该SNP与肝癌发病风险的关系。[结果]p53 codon72多态性与肝癌发病风险之间无统计学关联(Arg/Pro:校正OR=1.15,95%CI:0.83～1.59;Pro/Pro:校正OR=1.16,95%CI:0.80～1.68;Arg/Pro+Pro/Pro:校正OR=1.15,95%CI:0.85～1.57)。按是否吸烟、饮酒、HBV和HCV感染分层分析,亦未发现p53 codon72多态性与肝癌发病风险有关。但基因—环境交互作用显示,该基因多态性与吸烟、饮酒和HBV感染存在交互作用,OR值分别为2.42(95%CI:1.47～3.97)、2.96(95%CI:1.82～4.80)和62.74(95%CI:34.39～114.46)。[结论]p53codon72的单独效应可能与肝癌易感性无关联,但该SNP与吸烟、饮酒和HBV感染存在基因—环境交互作用,增加肝癌的发病风险。     

饮绿茶对胃癌、慢性胃炎发病影响的流行病学调查

目的尽管我国胃癌死亡率有下降趋势,但仍旧是第二位恶性肿瘤,扬中是我国胃癌高发区之一.我们在扬中进行胃癌和慢性胃炎与饮绿茶的调查,以研究饮绿茶与它们发病的关系.以及他们之间的交互作用.方法在扬中开展以人群基础的病例对照调查其中有病理学证明的胃癌143例,慢性胃炎166例和对照433例.用统一的流行病学调查表,同时采血作幽门螺杆菌感染测定.分析用logistic回归计算比数比(OR)和95%可信限(CI).分析时用各种混杂因素进行调整.结果饮绿茶可降低胃癌和慢性胃炎危险度各54%,其比数比分别为0.46(95%CI0.22-0.96)和0.46(95%CI0.27-0.77).每周饮绿茶杯数愈多,胃癌和慢性胃炎OR下降愈低(趋势检验P＜0.05).饮绿茶与胃癌家族史,幽门螺杆菌感染和饮酒可能有相乘交互作用.结论饮绿茶可降低胃癌和慢性胃炎危险度各54%.     

口腔卫生、蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌发病风险的相关性

目的 探讨口腔卫生、蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌的关系。 方法 采用病例对照研究,对2010年10月—2016年11月确诊的131例新发牙龈癌患者及669例健康人群进行问卷调查。采用非条件Logistic回归分析探讨口腔卫生及蔬菜水果摄入与牙龈癌发病的关系。结果 分析结果显示：刷牙频率<2次/天,缺失牙齿、佩戴假牙、无规律性看牙医及复发性口腔溃疡可增大牙龈癌的发病风险。构建口腔卫生综合指数,分析显示口腔卫生综合指数得分3~5分者患牙龈癌的风险是0~2分者的6.991倍（95%CI: 4.267, 11.453）。此外,进食绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、非绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、水果<1次/天是牙龈癌发病的危险因素。按绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果分层,结果显示口腔卫生指数得分3~5分者在各分组中均较0~2分者患牙龈癌的风险更大,并且食用绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果的频率较低者患牙龈癌的风险均高于频率较高者。此外,口腔卫生与绿叶蔬菜、非绿叶蔬菜及水果均存在正相乘交互作用。结论 口腔卫生综合指数得分越高者患牙龈癌的风险越大,并且进食绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、非绿叶蔬菜<2次/天、水果<1次/天可增大牙龈癌的发病风险。     

p53 condon72基因多态性与胃癌危险度关系--病例对照研究

目的 :探讨p53密码子 72基因多态性与胃癌危险度的关系 ,及其不同基因型与环境危险因素交互作用对胃癌发病的影响。方法 :在江苏省泰兴市进行以人群为基础的病例对照研究 ,胃癌病例 2 0 4例 ,对照 41 5例。结果 :病例中p53密码子 72的Pro Pro基因型的比例较对照中高 ,Pro Pro或Pro Arg两种基因型与Arg Arg比较OR为 1 50 (1 0 1～ 2 2 3)。p53基因还可与吸烟、饮酒、饮河水、嗜烫食等发生相乘或相加交互作用 ,影响胃癌发病。结论 :p53的Pro等位基因可能与胃癌危险度有关 ,并与其他环境危险因素交互作用 ,增加胃癌发病的危险。     

饮茶与胆道癌胆石症关系的全人群病例对照研究

目的 探讨饮茶与胆道癌和胆石症的关系。方法 采用全人群病例对照研究。研究对象为上海市区新发胆道癌患者627例,包括胆囊癌368例,肝外胆管癌191例和壶腹癌68例;按年龄（每5岁1组）频数配对的对照人群959人;同时收集胆石症患者1037例。采用非条件Logistic回归模型,分析饮茶与胆道癌、胆石症的关系。结果 与不饮茶者比较,女性胆囊癌、肝外胆管癌和胆石症组中现仍饮茶者的调整OR分别为0．57（95％CI：0．34～0．96）、0．53（95％CI：0．27～1．03）和0．71（95％CI：0．51～0．99）,肝外胆管癌OR值随饮茶年龄的提前及饮茶年限的增加而降低,趋势检验达到显著性水平。男性胆囊癌、肝外胆管癌和胆石症组OR均〈1,但尚无统计学意义。结论 饮茶对女性胆囊癌、肝外胆管癌可能具有保护作用,这一保护作用不依赖于胆石症而具有独立性。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T多态性、生活习惯与贲门癌易感性的关系

[目的]研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T多态性及其与烟酒茶嗜好相互作用与贲门癌易感性的关系.[方法]在上消化道癌高发区淮安市进行了病例-对照研究(贲门癌89例,对照人群223例),调查研究对象的生活习惯,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测研究对象的MTHFR基因型.应用SAS软件或EPI Info软件进行统计学分析.[结果]①男性吸烟者和女性饮酒者与男性不吸烟者和女性不饮酒者相比患贲门癌的风险增高;不饮茶者与饮茶者相比发生贲门癌的危险性升高.②贲门癌组中MTHFRC/T T/T基因型携带者占82.0%,显著高于对照组的70.3%.与携带MTHFRC/C基因型相比,C/T T/T基因型携带者发生贲门癌的危险性(OR)为2.12(95%CI 1.14～3.95),调整性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶及生蔬菜、水果、肉和豆制品摄取习惯后OR为2.05(95%CI 1.05～2.03).③在吸烟、每周饮酒≥2次和不饮茶者中,携带MTHFRC/T T/T基因型者发生贲门癌的危险性显著上升.[结论]MTHFR基因型与贲门癌的易感性有关;MTHFR基因多态性影响吸烟、饮酒和饮茶与贲门癌之间的关系.     

饮茶与女性乳腺癌的关系

目的　探讨饮茶和女性乳腺癌的关系。方法　采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究 ,调查上海市 1999年 4月～ 1999年10月间确诊的、年龄在 30岁～ 74岁之间的乳腺癌患者 (n =35 6 )和全人群对照 (n =92 5 )的一般情况、饮食摄入情况、个人生活习惯、疾病及家族史、月经生育史等 ,采用非条件logistic回归模型分析饮茶与女性乳腺癌的关系。结果　以不饮茶的人做参比 ,饮茶者每月消耗的茶叶量按五分位法分组 ,各组的OR值和 95 %可信限分别是 0 .77(95 %CI =0 .4 0～ 1.4 7)、0 .4 9(95 %CI=0 .2 4～ 1.0 0 )、0 .34(95 %CI =0 .15～ 0 .75 )、0 .5 5 (95 %CI =0 .2 7～ 1.12 )、0 .16 (95 %CI =0 .0 5～ 0 .5 4 ) ,趋势检验P <0 .0 1。但未发现乳腺癌的危险性随饮茶年限的延长而下降。进一步分析发现 ,饮茶与乳腺癌的负相关关系仅存在绝经前妇女。在绝经妇女中 ,未能发现茶叶消耗量、总饮茶量以及饮茶时间与女性乳腺癌的负相关关系。结论　饮茶对女性乳腺癌可能具有保护作用 ,此作用可能仅局限在绝经前妇女中。     

Protective effect of green tea against prostate cancer: a case-control study in southeast China

To investigate whether green tea consumption has an etiological association with prostate cancer, a case-control study was conducted in Hangzhou, southeast China during 2001-2002. The cases were 130 incident patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The controls were 274 hospital inpatients without prostate cancer or any other malignant diseases, and matched to the age of cases. Information on duration, quantity and frequency of usual tea consumption, as well as the number of new batches brewed per day, were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The risk of prostate cancer for tea consumption was assessed using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, locality, education, income, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, total fat intake, marital status, age at marriage, number of children, history of vasectomy and family history of prostate cancer. Among the cases, 55.4% were tea drinkers compared to 79.9% for the controls. Almost all the tea consumed was green tea. The prostate cancer risk declined with increasing frequency, duration and quantity of green tea consumption. The adjusted odds ratio (OR), relative to non-tea drinkers, were 0.28 (95% CI = 0.17-0.47) for tea drinking, 0.12 (95% CI = 0.06-0.26) for drinking tea over 40 years, 0.09 (95% CI = 0.04-0.21) for those consuming more than 1.5 kg of tea leaves yearly, and 0.27 (95% CI = 0.15-0.48) for those drinking more than 3 cups (1 litre) daily. The dose response relationships were also significant, suggesting that green tea is protective against prostate cancer.     

大丰市居民饮绿茶对胃癌发病影响的病例对照研究

[目的]研究饮绿茶对胃癌发病的影响。[方法]选择江苏省大丰市的胃癌641例及对照1847例进行病例对照研究,探讨饮绿茶对胃癌的作用,对饮绿茶与胃癌的其他可能危险因素间的相互关系进行研究。[结果]饮用绿茶可降低饮用者胃癌危险,其OR为0.45（95%CI：0.35～0.58）。调整可能的混杂因素后OR为0.42（95%CI：0.32～0.55）,并且随饮绿茶年限增长、浓度增高和饮用量的增加,保护作用增强,呈明显的剂量—效应关系。饮绿茶与胃癌其它危险因素有一定的交互作用。[结论]饮绿茶对胃癌可能具有一定的保护作用。     

RPSA Gene Mutants Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer among the Chinese Population

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inribosomal protein SA (RPSA) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC). A case-control study including 388 controls and387 patients with CRC was conducted in a Chinese population. Information about socio-demography and livingbehavior factors was collected by a structured questionnaire. Three SNPs (rs2133579, rs2269349, rs7641291)in RPSA gene were genotyped by Illumina SnapShot method. Multiple logistic regression models were used forassessing the joint effects between tea consumption and SNPs on CRC. The subjects with rs2269349 CC genotypehad a decreased risk for CRC (OR=0.60; 95%CI = 0.37-0.99), compared with TT/CT genotype after adjustmentfor covariates. A similar association of rs2269349 with rectal cancer was observed (OR=0.49; 95%CI=0.24-1.00).Further analyses indicated that this SNP could modify the protective effect of tea drinking on CRC. Amongthe subjects with rs2269349 TT/CT or rs2133579 AA/GA, there was a marginal significantly lower risk of CRC(OR and 95%CI: 0.63 and 0.39-1.01 for rs2269349; 0.64 and 0.40-1.02 for rs2133579) in tea-drinking subjects incomparison to non-tea-drinking subjects. Mutants in the RPSA gene might be associated with genetic susceptibilityto CRC and influence the protective effect of tea consumption in the Chinese population.     

Green Tea Drinking Habits and Esophageal Cancer in Southern China: A Case- Control Study

Aim: To investigate effects of green tea drinking and its temperature on esophageal cancer development.Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital-based case-control study including 150 cases and 300 controls was conducted insouthern area of China from June 2004 to May 2010. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect informationon possible risk factors of esophageal cancer, and to assess the tea drinking habit and temperature. Conditionallogistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We find a significant protective effect of high consumption of green tea on esophageal cancer with lowtemperature tea (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.29-0.97). However, drinking tea at a temperature of 70-79℃ and above 80℃was related to greatly elevated risk of esophageal cancer with ORs of 2.21 (1.57-5.53) and 4.74 (2.67-10.51). Anagreement was found between reported tea temperature and measured temperature (correlation coefficient =0.62).Further analysis indicated hot tea temperature to be associated with heavy risk of esophageal cancer in formerand current smokers and current drinkers (former and current smokers: OR=8.91(1.91-16.77) and 7.33(2.23-12.46), respectively; former and current drinkers: OR=7.58(0.83-9.53) and 6.93(2.01-10.65)). Conclusion: Inthe South China context, drinking tea at high temperature significantly increases risk of esophageal cancer,especially in drinkers and smokers.     

饮酒与膀胱癌关系的全人群病例对照研究

目的探讨饮酒与膀胱癌发生的关系。方法采用全人群为基础的病例对照研究,共调查1996年1月1日~1998年12月31日期间确诊的上海市区膀胱癌新发病例608例,健康人群对照607例。采用非条件logistic回归分析,调整吸烟等可能的混杂因素,以估计饮酒对膀胱癌发生的危险度及其95%可信区间。结果与不饮酒者相比,男、女性饮酒者患膀胱癌相对危险度分别是1.22(95%CI0.94~1.59)、0.50(95%CI0.13~1.90)。男性随总酒精摄入量增加患膀胱癌的危险有增加趋势,OR值分别为1.10(1~80g/d)和1.56(>80g/d)(趋势检验P=0.043)。男性总酒精摄入量与饮酒年限的联合作用分析表明,与不饮酒者相比,总酒精摄入量超过80g/d、饮酒年限超过40年者患膀胱癌危险度为2.11(95%CI1.11~4.01)。将饮酒分3层、吸烟分4层进行男性饮酒与吸烟的联合作用分析,结果显示总酒精摄入量>80g/d且吸烟≥35包年者的OR值为2.78(95%CI1.46~5.28)。未发现各饮酒种类与男性膀胱癌有显著关联。在不吸烟男性组中的分析显示,饮酒习惯的OR值均没有统计学意义。结论饮酒可能与男性膀胱癌有一定联系,但作用较弱,似乎主要表现为对吸烟男性的作用。     

Tea Consumption,Alcohol Drinking and Physical Activity Associations with Breast Cancer Risk among Chinese Females: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate associations between tea consumption, alcohol drinking and physical activity andbreast cancer risk among Chinese females. Methods: Three English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect andWiley) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang and VIP) were independently searched by 2 reviewersup to December 2012, complemented by manual searches. The quality of included studies was assessed withthe Newcastle-Ottawa Scale items. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential publication bias was estimated through Egger’s and Begg’s tests.Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with I2 statistics. Results: Thirty-nine studies involving 13,204breast cancer cases and 87,248 controls were identified. Compared with non-drinkers, regular tea drinkers haddecreased risk (OR=0.79, 95%CIs: 0.65-0.95; I2=84.9%; N=16). An inverse association was also found betweenregular physical activity and breast cancer risk (OR=0.73, 95%CIs: 0.63-0.85; I2=77.3%; N=15). However,there was no significant association between alcohol drinking and breast cancer risk (OR=0.85, 95%CIs: 0.72-1.02; I2=63.8%; N=26). Most of the results from the subgroup analysis were consistent with the main results.Conclusion: Tea consumption and physical activity are significantly associated with a decreased risk of breastcancer in Chinese females. However, alcohol drinking may not be associated with any elevation of risk.     

Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer: a Case-control Study in South-western China

Esophageal cancer is a crucial cancer in China. Yanting in Sichuan Province was a key area with highest esophageal ‍cancer mortality in China, but little evidence on esophageal cancer risk factors has been reported for this area and ‍the etiology remains unclear. To clarify risk factors, a 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Totals of 185 ‍eligible esophageal cancer patients and 185 healthy residents matched for sex and age were recruited. Conditional ‍logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for possible risk/ ‍protective factors. All ORs were adjusted by family history of esophageal cancer and occupation, and then further ‍adjusted by other possible confounding factors. Our results showed that smoking and alcohol drinking were risk ‍factors for esophageal cancer with dose-response. The ORs (95% CI) compared with never smokers and drinkers ‍were 4.06 (1.55-10.6) and 2.49 (1.06-5.85), respectively. The OR was further increased to 8.86 (95%CI, 3.82-20.5) for ‍both smoking and drinking in combination. Eating food rapidly (OR=5.84, 95%CI, 2.05-16.7), drinking shallow ‍ground water (OR=4.18, 95%CI, 1.30-13.4) and frequent intake of picked vegetables (OR=2.12, 95%CI, 1.00-4.49) ‍appeared to increase the risk, while frequent intake of fresh fruit (OR=0.42, 95%CI, 0.19-0.89), fresh vegetables ‍(OR= 0.62, 95%CI, 0.32-1.17) and eggs (OR=0.59, 95%CI, 0.25-1.39) decreased the risk. In conclusion, smoking and ‍alcohol drinking are common in Yanting and main contributors to esophageal cancer. Consumption of fresh fruit ‍and eggs are not common and high consumption of these two foods as well as fresh vegetables may decrease the risk ‍of esophageal cancer in this area. In addition, drinking shallow ground water and eating food rapidly, as well as ‍frequent intake of pickled vegetables, are also factors increasing the risk. ‍ ‍     

中国女性乳腺癌危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]评价中国女性乳腺癌部分危险因素的作用,探讨乳腺癌的病因。[方法]运用Meta分析方法对我国1996～2006年间公开发表的有关乳腺癌危险因素病例对照研究的12篇文献资料进行定量综合分析。[结果]各因素合并OR值分别为：初潮年龄OR=1．5401（95％CI：1．3437～1．7654）;哺乳OR=0．6837（95％CI：0．4779—0．9782）;口服避孕药OR=1．3278（95％CI：1．0627—1．6589）;良性乳腺疾病史OR=2．6180（95％CI：2．0275—3．3804）;吸烟OR=1．8576（95％CI：1．5394—2．2415）;饮酒OR=0．8137（95％CI：0．6196～1．0686）;饮茶OR=0．8625（95％CI：0．7646～0．9728）。[结论]初潮年龄、口服避孕药、良性乳腺疾病史及吸烟是乳腺癌发生的危险因素,哺乳及饮茶则是乳腺癌的保护因素。