锥形束CT研究头颈部肿瘤调强放疗摆位误差

[目的]应用IGRT机载千伏级锥形束CT(CBCT)研究头颈部肿瘤调强放疗体位的线性误差和旋转误差。[方法]应用医科达Synergy IGRT系统治疗头颈部肿瘤12例,共治疗217次。CBCT分别在治疗前、治疗中(摆位误差纠正后)、治疗后共扫描3次,得到3组X线容积图像(XVI),将3组XVI图像和计划CT图像的靶中心匹配,获得3组X、Y、Z三维方向的线性误差和旋转误差。[结果]12例每次治疗开始前的CBCT共217次,线性误差在X、Y、Z方向上系统误差(均数)±随机误差(标准差)分别为(-0.04±2.63)mm、(0.07±1.69)mm、(-1.15±1.33)mm,旋转误差为(0.10°±1.14°)、(0.16°±1.41°)、(-0.06°±1.22°)。纠正后的X、Y、Z3个方向线性误差及旋转误差的系统误差和随机误差均低于纠正前水平。治疗中(摆位误差纠正后)与治疗后的误差结果无显著性差异。[结论]CBCT实时纠正头颈部肿瘤放疗的摆位误差可缩小摆位误差并减少计划肿瘤靶区(PTV)外扩。头颈部肿瘤患者分次治疗中的摆位误差小。     

锥形束CT测量食管癌放射治疗的摆位误差

目的 利用锥形束CT在线研究食管癌放疗时的摆位误差,计算CTV到PTV的外放边界(MPTV).方法 应用医科达Synergy系统对食管癌患者治疗11例148次,分别在首次摆位后、摆位误差纠正后及治疗后行CBCT扫描,共获取444个CBCT信息,通过系统配有的匹配功能,获取的CBCT图像与计划CT图像相匹配,获取患者左右(X)、头脚(Y)和前后(Z)等3个方向的线性摆位误差,分析其摆位误差.结果 11例患者共行444次CBCT,首次摆位后CBCT扫描,系统误差(均数)±随机误差(标准差)在X、Y、Z方向上分别为(-0.17±3.62)、(1.82±3.97)、(-2.34±2.10)mm,误差纠正后再次行CBCT,结果显示摆位误差明显缩小(P＜0.05)。与纠正后比较,治疗后摆位误差增大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。纠正前X、Y、Z轴上MPTV分别为8.49、9.09、5.67mm,纠正后X、Y、Z方向的MPTV分别为1.80、2.47、2.21mm。结论本组病例食管癌放疗时Y方向摆位误差最大,X方向次之,Z方向最小;分次内误差在食管肿瘤治疗过程中变化明显,这在设计治疗计划时应予以考虑;通过CBCT获取食管癌患者的摆位误差并对其进行纠正,能显著降低分次间的摆位误差,提高放疗精确度,减小PTV外放边界.     

锥形束CT测量食管癌放射治疗的摆位误差

目的利用锥形束CT在线研究食管癌放疗时的摆位误差,计算CTV到PTV的外放边界（MPTV）。方法应用医科达Synergy系统对食管癌患者治疗11例148次,分别在首次摆位后、摆位误差纠正后及治疗后行CBCT扫描,共获取444个CBCT信息,通过系统配有的匹配功能,获取的CBCT图像与计划CT图像相匹配,获取患者左右（X）、头脚（Y）和前后（Z）等3个方向的线性摆位误差,分析其摆位误差。结果 11例患者共行444次CBCT,首次摆位后CBCT扫描,系统误差（均数）±随机误差（标准差）在X、Y、Z方向上分别为（-0.17±3.62）、（1.82±3.97）、（-2.34±2.10）mm,误差纠正后再次行CBCT,结果显示摆位误差明显缩小（P〈0.05）。与纠正后比较,治疗后摆位误差增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。纠正前X、Y、Z轴上MPTV分别为8.49、9.09、5.67mm,纠正后X、Y、Z方向的MPTV分别为1.80、2.47、2.21mm。结论本组病例食管癌放疗时Y方向摆位误差最大,X方向次之,Z方向最小;分次内误差在食管肿瘤治疗过程中变化明显,这在设计治疗计划时应予以考虑;通过CBCT获取食管癌患者的摆位误差并对其进行纠正,能显著降低分次间的摆位误差,提高放疗精确度,减小PTV外放边界。     

应用锥形束CT分析肿瘤放疗中分次间及分次内摆位误差

背景与目的:放射治疗中肿瘤患者每次的治疗摆位受很多因素影响,存在分次问及分次内摆位误差.本研究目的是采用锥形束CT(cone-beamcomputed tomography,CBCT)影像技术研究肿瘤患者放射治疗中摆位误差及纠正方法.方法:对51例放疗肿瘤患者.其中头颈部肿瘤19例,胸部肿瘤25例,腹、盆部肿瘤7例,在每次照射前首次摆位后、摆位误差调整后及治疗结束时获取CBCT,通过系统的匹配功能,将获取的CBCT图像和计划CT图像匹配,获得左右(X)、头脚(Y)、前后(Z)3个方向的摆位误差.分析摆位误差及纠正方法.结果:51例患者共进行CBCT扫描1934次.每次治疗开始前首次摆位CBCT 955次,调整治疗床后再次CBCT扫描525次,治疗后CBCT扫描454次.X、Y、Z三维方向分次间摆位误差在头颈部分别为(1.2± 0.9)mm、(1.2±1.1)mm和(1.0±0.8)mm;在胸部分别为(2.3±1.9)mm、(4.2±3.7)mm和(2.4±2.1)mm;在腹、盆部分别为(1.7±1.5)mm、(4.7±3.6)mm和(2.1±1.6)mm.调整后比较,头颈部肿瘤治疗后摆位误差在三维方向均有增加,并且差异均有显著性(P＜0.05);而体部肿瘤这种差异在Z、Y、Z 3个方向均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:每次治疗前通过CBCT获得分次间摆位误差并对其进行纠正对提高放射治疗精度有积极意义.分次内误差在头颈部肿瘤治疗过程中变化明显.这在设计治疗计划时应予以考虑.胸部及腹、盆部分次内误差还有待于进一步研究.     

腹盆部肿瘤在放疗分次内的摆位误差分析

[目的]应用医科达Synergy系统的锥形束CT（cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）研究腹盆部肿瘤患者在放疗分次内的摆位误差变化情况。[方法]对17例腹盆部肿瘤患者进行治疗,每次照射前进行首次摆位的CBCT扫描,然后与计划CT图象进行匹配,获得平移方向（x、y、z）和旋转方向（u、v、w）的摆位误差,通过完全由计算机控制的全碳素纤维六足遥控床进行自动的摆位误差纠正,误差调整后再次获取CBCT图像,分析并记录误差纠正后的残留误差。当患者治疗结束后,第三次获取CBCT图象,分析治疗后的体位误差,并与治疗前误差纠正后的残留误差相比较,从而得出患者在治疗过程中的分次内摆位误差情况。[结果]17例患者进行CBCT扫描672次,每次治疗开始前首次摆位、误差纠正后和治疗结束后的CBCT扫描均为224次。治疗前误差纠正后的系统误差（均数）±随机误差（标准差）在x、y、z、u、v、w六自由度方向上分别为（0.01±0.36）mm、（-0.40±0.65）mm、（-0.01±0.63）mm、（0.1±0.5）°、（0.1±0.5）°、（0.0±0.4）°,患者治疗结束后测量的误差分别为（-0.01±0.51）mm、（-0.77±0.84）mm、（-0.10±0.70）mm、（0.1±0.6）°、（0.1±0.5）°、（0.0±0.4）°;配对t检验y、z方向差异显著,P值分别为：0.000、0.041。[结论]腹盆部肿瘤在治疗过程中存在一定的分次内摆位误差,这在临床上设计PTV的摆位扩边应予以考虑。     

利用锥形束CT分析宫颈癌放疗分次间摆位误差及趋势研究

目的:利用锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)获取宫颈癌调强放疗分次间摆位误差,研究变化趋势。方法:宫颈癌调强放疗22例,每位患者利用锥形束CT获取放疗前摆位误差次数6-8次,累积153次,统计放疗分次间平移及旋转摆位误差及差异,分析变化趋势。结果:分次间放疗前摆位平移误差一般不超过7mm,旋转误差一般不超过3°;平移误差Y轴最大,X轴与Z轴差异无统计学意义;旋转误差X轴最大,Y轴与Z轴差异无统计学意义。随着放疗的进行,平移及旋转摆位误差没有发现明显增加或减少的趋势。结论:宫颈癌调强放疗首次摆位Y轴平移误差及X轴旋转误差较大,随着放疗的进行未发现摆位误差增加或减少趋势。     

鼻咽癌基于锥形束CT调强放疗的摆位误差分析

目的:基于锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)进行鼻咽癌患者调强放疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)中的摆位误差分析。方法:对2010-03-01-2011-12-30我院21例采用头颈肩热塑膜固定的鼻咽癌IMRT患者采用CBCT分别在每周首次治疗摆位后、在线校正后及治疗结束后进行扫描,通过医科达XVI软件进行图像匹配,获取线性方向(X、Y和Z)摆位误差。结果:21例患者共进行了113次CBCT扫描。每周首次治疗摆位误差在X、Y和Z三维方向摆位点位移分别为(0.83±0.32)、(1.32±0.46)和(0.94±0.45)mm。采用在线纠正后,摆位误差在X、Y和Z三维方向摆位点位移分别为(0.45±0.32)、(0.52±0.46)和(0.53±0.45)mm,纠正后的X(t=3.546,P<0.001)、Y(t=3.463,P<0.001)和Z(t=2.954,P=0.005)三维方向摆位误差明显小于纠正前的摆位误差。与校正后相比,治疗后摆位误差在X、Y和Z三维方向点位移分别为(0.55±0.36)、(0.62±0.34)和(0.58±0.37)mm。结论:采用CBCT对头颈肩热塑膜固定的鼻咽癌患者在IMRT中进行校正可以减少治疗中分次间的摆位误差,而分次治疗内的治疗摆位误差虽然较小,但在设计时PTV的摆位扩边应予以考虑。     

精准体位固定模式在肺癌图像引导放疗中的作用

目的 探讨肺癌图像引导放疗（image-guided radiotherapy, IGRT）中体位的最佳固定方式。 方法 选取2016年1月—2017年6月期间在我院治疗的90例肺癌IGRT患者,在锥形束CT（cone-beam computer tomography, CBCT）下观测放疗时摆位误差值。将患者分为三组（A组负压真空垫（体膜）、B组头肩网罩、C组连体网罩）体位固定模式,每位患者放疗前5次进行CBCT扫描采集图像与计划CT图像配准,测量摆位误差。结果 本研究共采集图像450张,配准结果平移误差在患者左右（X）、头脚（Y）、前后（Z）三方向上,A组分别为（3.21±2.05）mm、（2.03±1.55）mm、（3.34±2.13）mm;B组分别为（1.81±1.53）mm、（3.13±2.15）mm、（3.26±2.04）mm;C组分别为（1.88±1.73）mm、（1.85±1.46）mm、（1.78±1.48）mm,A组与B组对比在X、Y方向、,B组与C组对比在Y、Z方向,A组与C组对比在X、Z方向上差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。旋转误差在X、Y、Z方向A组分别为（2.52±1.03) °、（4.85±1.32）°、（4.53±1.25）°;B组（4.54±1.12）°、（2.61±1.52）°、（4.82±1.23）°;C组(2.08±1.12）°、（1.53 ±1.05）°、（1.51±1.38）°。旋转误差＞3°的概率,C组明显小于A组与B组。结论 C组连体网罩固定模式放疗体位重复性好,建议肺癌乃至胸腹部肿瘤的放疗使用连体网罩固定模式。     

六自由度床在直肠癌术前放疗影像引导放射治疗中减小摆位误差的作用

目的探讨六自由度床联合锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)在线纠正原发直肠癌患者摆位误差中的作用。方法收集2013年7月至2014年1月就诊于北京大学第三医院放疗科的17例原发直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。男14例,女3例;中位年龄65岁。回顾性分析CBCT和六自由度床联合CBCT在线校正患者摆位误差的差异。结果首次CBCT获得治疗床的3个平移方向X(左右)、Y(进出)和Z(升降)方向的摆位误差分别为(0.06±0.25)cm、(0.13±0.40)cm和(-0.28±0.31)cm;3个旋转方向RX(旋转俯仰)、RY(滚动)和RZ(左右旋转)方向的摆位误差分别为(0.62±1.15)°、(-0.19±0.99)°和(-0.34±0.84)°。六自由度床联合CBCT校正摆位后,X、Y和Z方向的残余误差分别为(0.01±0.09)cm、(-0.01±0.05)cm和(-0.03±0.08)cm,RX、RY和RZ方向的残余误差分别为(-0.16±0.40)°、(0.36±0.31)°和(-0.01±0.25)°。六自由度床联合CBCT校正前、后比较,平移方向(X、Y和Z方向)和旋转方向(RX、RY和RZ方向)的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。平移方向中,Z方向误差值出现频率较高的范围为0.20~0.79 cm;旋转方向中,RX方向误差出现较大的频率范围为0.20°~2.99°;骨模式和灰度模配准的摆位误差差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);随着放疗进行,摆位误差中除Y方向外,X、Z、RX、RY和RZ方向的摆位误差均增大。结论六自由度床联合CBCT有助于减小原发直肠癌患者放疗的摆位误差,建议采用六自由度床在线校正原发直肠癌放疗的摆位误差,直肠癌患者图像引导放射治疗推荐骨模式配准。     

分次内和分次间摆位误差在宫颈自适应放疗中的研究

目的:在图像引导的自适应放疗中,评估宫颈癌患者分次内、分次间的摆位误差。方法:从2014年1月至9月选取16例诊断为IIb-IIIb期的宫颈癌患者,所有病人均未行手术治疗,而是采用三维调强放疗作为根治性治疗。每个病人在放疗前后行10次20个CBCT扫描图像,与计划CT进行配准融合,得到三维方向矢量误差,用X（左右）、Y（腹背）、Z（头脚）、CR（旋转角度）表示。计算摆位误差的平均变化及标准差。结果:收集320套CBCT图像,每个病人平均20套。所选CBCT扫描图像显示:患者在左右、头脚、腹背方向的分次内摆位误差分别为(0.11±0.14)cm、(0.17±0.18)cm、(0.20±0.19)cm;在左右、头脚、腹背方向的分次间摆位误差分别为(0.11±0.13）cm、（0.17±0.20）cm、（0.25±0.20）cm。结论:在图像引导的自适应放疗中,患者在各个方向的摆位误差均数为0.15cm,这一大幅度的误差需要在放疗中被考虑到。     

洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜癌的临床观察

目的 分析洛铂联合多西他赛行肿瘤细胞减灭术（cytoreductive surgery, CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, HIPEC）治疗腹膜癌（peritoneal carcinoma, PC）的围手术期安全性及疗效。 方法 PC患者行CRS+HIPEC治疗,药物为洛铂50 mg/m2、多西他赛60 mg/m²,加入12 000 ml 0.9%氯化钠溶液加热至（43±0.5）℃持续灌注60 min。记录术后6天体温和心率变化、围手术期不良事件、血常规及血生化指标、术后患者恢复情况及生存结果。结果 90例PC患者行95次CRS+HIPEC,手术时间180~450 min (中位数485 min）;术后6天最高体温、心率分别为36.4℃~38.6℃（中位数37.5℃）、76~124 bpm（中位数100 bpm）,严重不良事件16例,包括围手术期死亡2例。中位生存期20.8月（95%CI: 13.1~25.8月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为75.6%、45.6%、43.3%。 结论 洛铂联合多西他赛进行CRS+HIPEC治疗PC安全性可接受,有助于延长患者生存期。     

Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy: Best Surgical Management for DCR

EEDCR is a highly rewarding Endoscopic procedure for management of dacryocystitis when epiphora does not respond to medications or repeated syringing of nasolacrimal duct. It is a simple, less time consuming, safe but skilful, highly satisfying surgery both for the patients as well as the surgeons. There is very big advantage of EEDCR, it is close 100% successful procedure, even if there is recurrence of epiphora it is again correctable fully with no residual affects. EEDCR is far more superior to External DCR/Laser DCR and there are definite reasons for it. A total number of 578 cases have been operated by me from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2011, only very few reoccurrences were there and they were corrected easily so much so that it can be said that it is a close 100% successful procedure and best surgical management of DACRYOCYSTITIS up to date. The successful outcome was defined as symptomatic relief from epiphora and dacryocystitis and a patent nasolacrimal duct upon syringing at the end of procedure and on follow up of patient.     

Denosumab in patients with cancer and skeletal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy and safety of denosumab in reducing skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with bone metastases.

Methods

A literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Collaboration Library identified relevant controlled clinical trials up-to-March 14, 2012. Two independent reviewers assessed studies for inclusion, according to predetermined criteria, and extracted relevant data. The primary outcomes of interest were SRE, time to first on-study SRE, and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included pain, quality of life, bone turnover markers (BTM), and adverse events.

Results

Six controlled trials including 6142 patients were analyzed. Compared to zoledronic acid, denosumab had lower incidence of SRE with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.80–0.88), delayed the onset of first on-study SRE (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.90) and time to worsening of pain (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.91). No difference was observed in overall survival with pooled hazard ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90–1.0). For total adverse events, denosumab was similar to zoledronic acid (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.89–1.0). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of osteonecrosis of the jaw (RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.92–2.1). Patients on denosumab had a greater risk of developing hypocalcemia (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6–2.3).

Conclusions

Denosumab was more effective than zoledronic acid in reducing the incidence of SRE, and delayed the time to SRE. No differences were found between denosumab and zoledronic acid in reducing overall mortality, or in the frequency of overall adverse events.     

参麦注射液对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的　观察参麦注射液 (SMI)对阿霉素 (ADM )诱导大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用和抗氧化作用。方法　选用ADM诱导大鼠心肌损伤模型。SD大鼠 60只 ,随机分为 3个组 ,每组 2 0只 ,分别为正常组、治疗组、对照组。正常组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。治疗组 :实验第 1～ 9天注射参麦注射液 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天 ,第 4天注射阿霉素 ,隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。对照组实验 1～ 9天注射生理盐水 ,每天 3ml/kg ,1次 /天。第 4天注射阿霉素 ,以后隔天 1次 ,连用 3次 ,用生理盐水配置成 1mg/ml,每次 3mg/kg。到期测定血丙二醛 (MDA )含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD )活性 ,并进行心肌病理检查。结果　对照组MDA水平明显高于治疗组 ,对照组SOD水平则显著低于治疗组 ,即加用SMI可提高SOD活性 ,降低MDA含量。SMI能明显减轻大鼠心肌损伤 ,对照组与治疗组比较 ,治疗组心肌损伤明显减轻 ,治疗组与正常组比较无显著性差异。参麦注射液有抗氧化作用 ,与对照组比较 ,血SOD水平升高 ,MDA水平降低 ,心肌病理计分下降。结论参麦注射液有抗氧化作用和对阿霉素所引起的心脏毒性具有保护作用 ,为临床寻找有效的阿霉素所致心肌损伤保护药物提供良好的客观依据 ,值得临床推广应用     

体内诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞的耐药性研究

肿瘤细胞耐药性的存在是临床化疗失败的主要原因之一。本实验在小鼠体内用阿霉素（ADR）诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞（EHR）的耐药性，探讨细胞产生耐药性的机理。HPLC法测定细胞内药物浓度．结果表明耐药细胞─—EHR/ADR细胞内ADR积聚低于EHR细胞，而对ADR外排快于EHR细胞；异博定（VER）增加EHR／ADR细胞对ADR的摄取并阻滞其外排．而对EHR影响不大，揭示EHR／ADR细胞具有MDR特性。     

Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of palliative oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in cancer patients. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomised controlled trials, comparing oxygen and medical air in cancer patients not qualifying for home oxygen therapy. Abstracts were reviewed and studies were selected using Cochrane methodology. The included studies provided oxygen at rest or during a 6-min walk. The primary outcome was dyspnoea. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were used to combine scores. Five studies were identified; one was excluded from meta-analysis due to data presentation. Individual patient data were obtained from the authors of the three of the four remaining studies (one each from England, Australia, and the United States). A total of 134 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Oxygen failed to improve dyspnoea in mildly- or non-hypoxaemic cancer patients (SMD=-0.09, 95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.04; P=0.16). Results were stable to a sensitivity analysis, excluding studies requiring the use of imputed quantities. In this small meta-analysis, oxygen did not provide symptomatic benefit for cancer patients with refractory dyspnoea, who would not normally qualify for home oxygen therapy. Further study of the use of oxygen in this population is warranted given its widespread use.     

邻近腋窝的上皮样血管内皮瘤1例报道

We described a case of a 71-year-old woman with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in her left axilla,a rare location which hasn't been reported yet. The patient suffered from numbness, pain and decreased muscle strength of her left upper extremity. Sonography revealed a hypoechoic mass surrounded the axillary artery and brachial artery. No obvious capsule was demonstrated. CT showed a soft-tissue mass with some calcifications and peripheral ring-like en-hancement. The MRI indicated a mass with mainly intermediate signal intensity on Tl-weighted imagine and intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted imagine. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination after surgery. There are some correlations of these imaging features with its histopathologic characters.     

鼻咽癌患者放射性骨坏死引起的正电子显像假阳性结果1例及文献复习

目的:探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)患者放射性骨坏死(osteoradionecrosis,ORN)引起正电子假阳性结果的原因及避免因此引发诊断错误的方法。方法:回顾性分析1例放疗后的鼻咽癌患者,行鼻咽部MRI及正电子显像后,再行组织病理学检查,对三种结果进行分析、比较。结果:MRI及正电子显像均诊断患者颅底区域肿瘤复发,组织病理学结果则显示鼻咽部病灶为放射性骨坏死。因此正电子扫描结果为假阳性结果。结论:鼻咽癌患者放疗后所致的放射性骨坏死容易引起正电子显像假阳性结果并可能引发不必要的治疗,因此NPC患者的正电子图像,对于可能的局限性肿瘤复发诊断,应该非常慎重。     

Bortezomib-related neuropathy may mask CNS relapse in multiple myeloma: A call for diligence

Background: Neuropathy is a common adverse effect of bortezomib. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse in MM remains exceedingly rare and carries a dismal prognosis. We present an unusual case of bortezomib related neuropathy masking a CNS relapse of MM. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female was diagnosed with standard-risk MM with clinical and cytogenetic features not typically associated with CNS involvement. She was treated with 4 cycles of bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone (VCD) and achieved a VGPR, after which she underwent an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by bortezomib maintenance. Six months after ASCT she developed symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy which was attributed to bortezomib. However the symptoms persisted despite discontinuation of bortezomib. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis subsequently confirmed a CNS relapse. Discussion: CNS involvement in MM (CNS-MM) is uncommon and is considered an aggressive disease. Recently published literature has reported biomarkers with prognostic potential. However, isolated CNS relapse is even less common; an event which carries a very poor prognosis. Given the heterogeneous neurologic manifestations associated with MM, clinical suspicion may be masked by confounding factors such as bortezomib-based therapy. The disease may further remain incognito if the patient does not exhibit any of the high risk features and biomarkers associated with CNS involvement. Conclusion: In the era of proteasome inhibitor (PtdIns)/immunomodulator (IMID)-based therapy for MM which carries neurologic adverse effects, it is prudent to consider CNS relapse early. This case further highlights the need for more robust biomarkers to predict CNS relapse and use of newer novel agents which demonstrate potential for CNS penetration.     

GF方案与TP方案一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床对照研究

Objective  

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacies of initial gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) and paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) 1st-line chemotherapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and observe their side effects.