大肠癌组织中CyclinD1和p16及Rb的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨细胞周期调控因子在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3cm以外的癌旁组织和10cm以外的正常组织中CyclinD1、p16和Rb进行检测。结果:CyclinD1在大肠癌中过度表达为51.4%(36/70),并与肿瘤分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,CyclinD1阳性率为70.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率为44.0%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.049)。p16在大肠癌中为低表达47.1%(33/70),癌旁组织和正常组织中p16的表达分别为57.1%和71.4%。Rb在大肠癌、癌旁及正常组织中的表达分别为65.7%、78.6%和85.7%。CyclinD1与p16表达呈负相关(P=0.000,r=-0.514),p16与Rb表达呈负相关(P=0.001,r=-0.403)。结论:CyclinD1过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;p16表达可能受Rb蛋白的负调控;CyclinD1过度表达和p16低表达在大肠癌发生中起协同作用;大肠癌发生机制涉及CyclinD1、p16和Rb调节环路中多个基因的异常。     

细胞周期相关蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨细胞周期相关蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3 cm以外的癌旁组织、10 cm以外的正常组织中CyclinDl、CDK4、p16和Pb进行检测.结果 CyclinD1和CDK4在大肠癌中过度表达,分别为36/70(51.4%)和28/70(40.0%),并与肿瘤的分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,其CyclinD1和CDK4的阳性率分别为70.0%和60.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率分别为44.0%和32.0%,两者相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),p16在大肠癌中为低表达33/70(47.1%),癌旁组织和正常组织中p16的表达分别为57.1%和71.4%,Rb在大肠癌、癌旁及正常组织中的表达分别为65.7%、78.6%和85.7%.CyclinD1与CDK4呈正相关关系(P＜0.05).CyclinD1与p16、p16与Rb是负相关关系(P＜0.05、P＜0.05).结论 CyclinD1、CDK4的过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;p16的表达可能受Rb蛋白的负调控;CyclinD1的过度表达和p16的低表达在大肠癌发生中起协同作用;     

Rb和p16蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的研究Rb、p16基因表达的蛋白产物在大肠癌组织中的变化及其意义。方法应用免疫组化SP法,在55例原发性大肠癌中检测Rb、p16蛋白的表达。结果Rb蛋白阳性表达率为76.36%(42/55);p16蛋白阳性表达率为47.27%(26/55)。27例p16蛋白呈阴性或弱阳性表达的大肠癌组织中,Rb蛋白均显示阳性或强阳性,11例Rb蛋白呈阴性或弱阳性表达的大肠癌中,p16蛋白呈阳性或强阳性表达。16例淋巴结转移的大肠癌中仅3例p16阳性,而39例无转移者有23例p16阳性。结论大肠癌发生过程中,存在Rb、p16蛋白表达的异常,Rb失活与p16表达之间存在负相关关系。p16蛋白表达缺失与大肠癌淋巴结转移有关。     

细胞周期相关蛋白CyclinD1、CDK4、p16在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨细胞周期调控因子在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3 cm以外的癌旁组织,10 cm以外的正常组织中CyclinD1、CDK4、和p16进行检测.结果 CyelinD1和CDK4在大肠癌中过度表达,分别为36/70(51.4%)和28/70(40.0%),并与肿瘤的分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,其CyclinD1和CDK4的阳性率分别为70.0%和60.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率分别为44.0%和32.0%,两者相比差异有显著性(P《0.05),p16在大肠癌中为低表达33/70(47.1%),癌旁组织和正常组织中p16的表达分别为57.1%和71.4%,CyclinD1与CDK4呈正相关关系(P《0.05).CyelinD1与p16呈负相关关系(P《0.05).结论 CyclinD1、CDK4的过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;CyclinD1的过度表达和p16的低表达在大肠癌发生中起协同作用;大肠癌的发生机制涉及CyclinD1、CDK4和p16调节环路中多个基因的异常.     

大肠癌CDK4、Ki-67表达与Cyclin D1、p16蛋白表达的相关性及临床意义

目的　探讨CDK4、Ki 6 7蛋白表达与临床病理因素、预后的关系及其与CyclinD1、p16蛋白表达的关系。方法　采用sp法对 89例大肠癌标本进行CDK4、Ki 6 7、CyclinD1、p16蛋白免疫组化检测。结果　CDK4核表达在组织学分级Ⅲ级与Ⅰ、Ⅱ级之间的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与术后三年生存率未见明显相关 ,与CyclinD1、p16蛋白表达明显相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。Ki 6 7强阳性表达在组织学分级Ⅲ级与Ⅰ、Ⅱ级之间及临床分期D期与B、C期之间的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与术后三年生存率及CyclinD1表达明显相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与p16蛋白表达无明显相关。CDK4核表达组Ki 6 7强阳性表达明显增高。结论　大肠癌CDK4核表达具有癌基因蛋白的特性 ,对组织分化及细胞增殖有一定的影响 ,Ki 6 7强阳性表达对评估预后、组织分化、临床进展有一定意义。CyclinD1、CDK4与p16共同参与大肠癌的发生与发展。     

大肠癌CDK4、Ki—67表达与CyclinD1、p16蛋白表达的相关性及临床意义

目的探讨CDK4、Ki-67蛋白表达与临床病理因素、预后的关系及其与CyclinD1、p16蛋白表达的关系.方法采用sp法对89例大肠癌标本进行CDK4、Ki-67、CyclinD1、p16蛋白免疫组化检测.结果CDK4核表达在组织学分级Ⅲ级与Ⅰ、Ⅱ级之间的差异有显著性(P<0.05),与术后三年生存率未见明显相关,与CyclinD1、p16蛋白表达明显相关(P<0.05).Ki-67强阳性表达在组织学分级Ⅲ级与Ⅰ、Ⅱ级之间及临床分期D期与B、C期之间的差异有显著性(P<0.05),与术后三年生存率及CyclinD1表达明显相关(P<0.05),与p16蛋白表达无明显相关.CDK4核表达组Ki-67强阳性表达明显增高.结论大肠癌CDK4核表达具有癌基因蛋白的特性,对组织分化及细胞增殖有一定的影响,Ki-67强阳性表达对评估预后、组织分化、临床进展有一定意义.CyclinD1、CDK4与p16共同参与大肠癌的发生与发展.     

caspase-3、survivin、CyclinD1及p27在胃癌中的表达及其意义

 【摘要】　目的　探讨胃癌中caspase-3、survivin、CyclinD1及p27蛋白的表达及其与胃癌临床病理参数的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学即用型二步法检测72例胃癌、54例正常胃黏膜组织中四种蛋白的表达。结果　caspase-3及p27蛋白在胃癌中的阳性表达明显低于正常胃黏膜（P＜0.01），survivin及CyclinD1在胃癌中的阳性表达明显高于正常胃黏膜（P＜0.01），caspase-3与组织分化程度和临床分期相关，survivin的表达与淋巴结转移、脏器转移和临床分期有关（P＜0.05），CyclinD1表达与组织分化程度相关，p27蛋白与组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、脏器转移、临床分期均相关。胃癌组织中cas-pase-3与survivin呈负相关，CyclinD1与survivin呈正相关，p27与CyclinD1也呈正相关。结论　survivin和CyclinD1蛋白的过表达，caspase-3和p27蛋白的表达缺失在胃癌的发生、发展中起着不同程度的作用。联合检测caspase-3，survivin，CyclinD1及p27蛋白的表达更能反映胃癌的生物学行为，优于单项检测。     

PTEN、NF-κBp65和CyclinD1在胃腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理间的相关性

背景与目的:探讨PTEN、NF-κBp65和CyclinD1在胃腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的相关性.材料与方法:用免疫组织化学S-P法检测73例胃腺癌及20例正常胃粘膜组织中PTEN、NF-κBp65和CyclinD1的表达情况.结果:①PTEN在胃腺癌组织中蛋白表达阳性率为42.5%(31/73),明显低于它在正常胃粘膜组织中的阳性表达率90%(18/20)(P＜0.01);NF-κBp65和CyclinD1在胃腺癌组织中蛋白表达阳性率分别为58.9%(43/73)和60.3%(44/73),明显高于它们在正常胃粘膜组织中的阳性表达率20%(4/20)和25%(5/20)(P＜0 01);②PTEN与胃腺癌组织分化程度呈正相关(P＜0.01),与胃腺癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈负相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);NF-κBp65与胃腺癌组织分化程度呈负相关(P＜0.05),与胃腺癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期呈正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);CyclinD1与胃腺癌的浸润深度相关(P＜0.05),与组织分化程度、淋巴结转移及临床分期无相关关系;③胃腺癌中PTEN的阳性表达率与NF-κBp65和CyclinD1均呈负相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),NF-κBp65与CyclinD1的阳性表达率呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:PTEN、NF-κBp65和CyclinD1基因在胃腺癌的发生、发展中起着不同的作用;联合检测PTEN、NF-κBp65和CyclinD1,可能有助于对胃腺癌恶性程度的判定及侵袭转移能力的评估,进而为胃腺癌的预后分析和进一步治疗提供依据.     

CyclinD1在大肠良、恶性肿瘤中的表达及与大肠癌生物学特性关系的研究

目的研究CyclinD1在大肠良、恶性肿瘤中的表达,探讨其在大肠癌发病中的作用机制及与大肠癌生物学特性的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法进行研究.结果CyclinD1在大肠癌中的过表达率显著高于大肠腺瘤,而正常大肠粘膜中未见CyclinD1过表达,CyclinD1过表达与肿瘤部位、组织学类型、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移均无相关性,只与组织浸润深度呈显著正相关.结论CyclinD1过表达在大肠癌形成过程中起重要促进作用,且CyclinD1过表达可作为大肠癌预后不良的指标之一.     

细胞周期调控因子p16和CDK4在肺癌中的表达

目的探讨肺癌中细胞周期调控因子p16和CDK4的表达意义。方法应用S-P免疫组织化学方法检测62例肺癌组织中p16和CDK4的表达情况。结果62例肺癌组织中p16和CDK4阳性率分别为58.1%和48.4%。腺癌中p16的阳性率明显高于小细胞癌(P＜0.05);淋巴结转移阳性组p16的表达显著低于阴性组(P＜0.05,r=0.27)。不同组织类型肺癌中CDK4的表达未见明显差异,淋巴结转移阳性组CDK4的表达高于阴性组(P＜0.01,r=0.58)。p16和CDK4的表达呈明显负相关(P＜0.01,r=-0.81)。结论提示p16的表达与肺癌的组织学类型有关,CDK4高表达对肺癌细胞的淋巴结转移起重要作用。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.