锁骨骨折内固定术后骨不连原因分析

目的 探讨锁骨骨折内固定术后骨不连的原因。方法 分析６例术后骨不连处理的不足之片,用可靠的内固定和外固定加自体骨移植进行补救。结果 随访４个月￣２年,６例均达到骨性愈合。结论 必须严格掌握手术适应证,术中保护断端周围血运,争取解剖复位,选用合适的内固定器材,遵循内固定操作原则,并给予可靠的外固定等,才能减少和避免骨不连的发生。     

锁定加压接骨板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连

目的 探讨锁定加压接骨板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连的手术技巧与临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2008年6月收治且获得随访的26例肱骨干骨折术后骨不连患者资料,男19例,女7例;平均年龄为46 7岁(19 ～63岁).骨不连类型:肥大型17例,萎缩型7例,假关节型2例.患者本次手术与上次手术的时间间隔平均为9.3个月(9.1～9.6个月).22例内固定治疗的患者行原内固定物取出、切开复位、自体髂骨植骨锁定加压接骨板内固定术,4例带外固定支架患者先去除外固定支架,行石膏固定1个月后再行切开复位、自体髂骨植骨锁定加压接骨板内固定术.术后肩关节及肘关节功能评估分别采用Constant肩关节评分和Mayo肘关节评分.结果 26例患者术后获平均25.6个月(25～33个月)随访.25例患者术后骨折获愈合,平均愈合时间为5 2个月(4 ～9个月);1例因术后伤口感染致骨折不愈合,经抗感染治疗5个月后骨折获愈合.2例发生桡神经不全损伤.Constant肩关节评分平均为(79.1±0.1)分,Mayo肘关节评分平均为(85 7±0 8)分.结论 锁定加压接骨板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不连的关键是尽量彻底清理骨折断端、加压、充分有效的自体髂骨植骨.该方法可以极大地提高骨折愈合率,减少并发症的发生,且能获得较好的肩、肘功能.     

单侧外固定器结合植骨治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合

[目的]探讨肱骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合的新疗法。[方法]应用单侧外固定器结合植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后不愈合37例，并随访2年。[结果]本组37例肱骨干骨不连的病例，取出内固定，骨端外固定器固定并植骨治疗，骨折均愈合，患肢关节功能恢复良好，无并发症发生。[结论]单侧外固定器结合植骨是治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合的有效疗法，值得临床推广应用。     

抗感染重组合异种骨植入治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连

目的探讨抗感染重组合异种骨(ARBX)植骨治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连的临床疗效。方法取除原内固定、重新内固定或外固定,并应用抗感染重组合异种骨植入治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连20例,全部为无菌性骨不连。断端应用ARBX植骨20例,混合自体髂骨移植9例。结果20例随访1年2个月～4年2个月,平均2年8个月。20例应用ARBX植骨治疗的骨不连中,18例完全愈合,1例延迟愈合,1例未愈合。无1例骨感染发生。结论重新内固定或外固定,避免了原手术方式存在的引起骨不连的内在因素;ARBX植骨治疗骨不连安全,对促进骨愈合疗效可靠。     

股骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合的手术治疗

目的通过临床病例回顾性研究,探讨股骨干骨折术后骨折不愈合的手术治疗方法。方法手术治疗28例股骨干骨折内固定术后骨折不愈合,取出原内固定物后将骨折端新鲜化再行内固定术,必要时植骨。结果术后28例获随访15~32个月,平均23.7个月。术后6~14个月26例(92.86%)骨折顺利愈合,2例通过二期手术治疗愈合。结论骨折端新鲜化、坚强内固定、自体骨移植是股骨干骨折内固定术后骨折不愈合再次手术治疗成功的关键。     

钢缆接骨术在骨不连治疗中的应用

目的报告钢缆接骨术与内固定或外固定支架联合应用治疗骨不连的效果及其价值。方法自2001年9月～2003年9月,我们结合内固定或支架外固定应用钢缆接骨术治疗骨不连5例,其中2例为股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后感染性骨不连,1例为股骨转子下骨折畸形愈合后再骨折,1例为股骨骨折钢板螺丝钉固定失效,1例为肱骨中下段骨折髓内钉固定后骨不连接。结果2例股骨感染性骨不连病例分别在术后7和10个月获得骨连接;转子下骨折截骨矫形3个月后连接,股骨轴线排列良好,畸形没有复发;钢板内固定失效病例,辅助应用钢缆后重新获得固定的稳定性,术后6个月股骨骨折完全愈合;肱骨骨不连者术后4个月获得愈合。结论在缺乏合适治疗手段的情况下,钢缆接骨术结合内固定或支架外固定不失为治疗骨不连的有效选择。     

自体髂骨骨板螺钉内固定加外固定架治疗肱骨干萎缩型骨不连

目的 探讨萎缩型肱骨干骨不连的手术治疗方法 .方法 应用自体髂骨植骨、髂骨骨板螺钉内固定加外固定架治疗18例萎缩型肱骨干骨不连.结果 18例骨折均愈合,患肢功能恢复良好,无桡神经损伤、针道感染等并发症.结论 自体髂骨骨板螺钉内固定加外固定支架治疗肱骨干萎缩型骨不连,临床疗效满意,是一种有效的治疗方法 .     

加压外固定治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合

加压外固定治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合周仲安，李起鸿我院自１９８２年５月～１９８８年５月。采用加压外固定治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后骨折不愈合１４例，于术后３～５个月均获骨愈合。其疗效满意。临床资料本组诊断不愈合的标准为骨折后６个月以上，临床仍有假关节...     

陈旧性骨折骨不连的临床治疗研究

[目的] 总结锁定加压钢板内固定加自体骨移植以及Illizarov 技术治疗陈旧性骨折骨不连的经验,探讨骨不连的病因,评价手术的安全性和有效性.[方法] 回顾性分析了本院从2002年1月-2007年7月手术治疗的骨不连患者共87例,所有患者均为骨折切开复位内固定术后骨不连,手术取出内固定物后,改用锁定加压钢板加自体骨移植治疗80例,Illizarov 技术治疗7例.对其骨折愈合率、手术并发症、临床结果进行评价.[结果] 本组共87例患者,得到随访82例,随访时间6～24个月,平均14.7个月.随访患者均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间为4～10个月,平均6.8个月.得到随访的82例患者中,70例患者临近关节功能较术前改善,肢体功能优良.12例遗留有临近关节的功能障碍,均与患者术前肢体长期固定或失用有关.无内固定失败等并发症.[结论] 医源性因素是骨折切开复位内固定术后骨不连的主要原因,骨折部位的解剖特点、骨折类型以及术后感染也是骨折后骨不连的重要原因.锁定加压钢板内固定加自体骨移植以及Illizarov 技术是治疗陈旧性骨折骨不连的安全、有效的方法.     

内外固定加植骨治疗肱骨骨不连(附23例报告)

目的 :采用外固定支架加自体骨大块髂骨植骨内固定治疗多次手术失败的肱骨骨折骨不连。方法 :采用单边外固定支架固定折端加自体大块髂骨植骨并用克氏针或螺丝钉固定髂骨块及骨折端。结果 :所有病例 3～ 6个月愈合 ,治愈率 95 %。结论 :外固定支架加自体髂骨夹板式植骨加内固定治疗肱骨骨不连 ,操作简单 ,缩短骨不连治疗时间 ,治愈率高 ,是一种理想的植骨方式。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.