年龄大于5岁儿童先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗

目的观察大年龄儿童（年龄大于5岁）先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗效果。方法手术治疗大年龄肌性斜颈患儿37例,切断胸锁乳突肌锁骨头、胸骨头,于乳突处切断胸锁乳突肌止点腱,并充分松解挛缩组织,术后均作枕颌牵引。结果所有病例均获随访,随访时间2～5年,平均随访2．6年,所有患儿的功能和外观均有改善,其中优28例（75．7％）,良9例（24．3％）。结论胸锁乳突肌上、下端切断术加术后牵引是治疗大龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈的首选手术治疗方式。     

大龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗

目的:探讨大龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗方法。方法:采用胸锁乳突肌上、下端切断术加术后牵引治疗大龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈32例,手术平均年龄12.3岁(10￣14岁)。结果:本组32例中随访29例,随访时间1～8年,平均4.8年。从功能和美容两方面进行了术后评估:其中优23例(73.3%),良6例(26.7%),无劣级。结论:胸锁乳突肌上、下端切断术加术后牵引是治疗大龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈的首选手术治疗方式。     

29例先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗

[目的]探讨先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗方法。[方法]对29例患者采用胸锁乳突肌切断松解术，使胸锁乳突肌充分回缩，术后采用包扎、固定及侧卧式训练方法。[结果]29例经2～5a随访，效果较好，优19例（65．51％）；良9例（31．03％）；劣1例（3．45％）。[结论]2～5岁为先天性肌性斜颈最佳手术年龄，胸锁乳突肌切断松解术可作为首选术式。     

学龄期儿童先天性肌性斜颈的治疗

目的探讨学龄期儿童先天性肌性斜颈的治疗方法。方法采用胸锁乳突肌单极切断术加术后胸颈联合斜颈矫形支具固定4~6个月,治疗学龄期儿童先天性肌性斜颈65例,男23例,女42例;手术平均年龄8岁(6~14岁)。结果本组65例,随访时间1~4年,平均2.7年。参考Cheng的疗效分级法,其中优42例(64.6%),良15例(23.1%),可5例(7.7%),差3例(4.6%)。结论胸锁乳突肌单极切断术加术后胸颈联合斜颈矫形支具,创伤小、疗效好、并发症少,是学龄期儿童先天性肌性斜颈首选的治疗方式。     

胸锁乳突肌多头切断术治疗成人先天性肌性斜颈

目的探讨胸锁乳突肌多头切断术治疗成人先天性肌性斜颈的方法及效果。方法 2009年3月—2011年2月,收治19例成人先天性肌性斜颈患者。男13例,女6例;年龄16～32岁,平均23.5岁。X线片检查示,12例伴不同程度颈椎侧弯及楔形改变。10例伴患侧面部发育迟缓。4例既往曾行胸锁乳突肌单侧头切断术。患者均采用胸锁乳突肌多头切断术,联合术后石膏托及颈托外固定3～6个月。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及血肿发生。16例患者获随访,随访时间5个月～2年,平均8个月。患者头颈部畸形均较术前明显改善。术后2周疗效评定:7例无颈椎畸形患者为优;12例伴颈椎畸形患者优1例,良7例,一般4例。术后2周测量患侧胸锁乳突肌乳突尖至胸锁关节距离,无颈椎畸形患者较术前延长(1.88±0.30)cm,手术前后差异有统计学意义(t=6.24,P=0.00),且术后测量值与正常值比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.87,P=0.11);伴颈椎畸形患者术后较术前延长(3.38±0.30)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=11.37,P=0.00),但术后测量值仍低于正常值(t=12.19,P=0.00)。结论采用胸锁乳突肌多头切断术治疗成人先天性肌性斜颈,能明显改善症状,恢复颈部活动功能。     

胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗肌性斜颈

目的：本文报告54例肌性斜颈手术治疗经验。方法：对54例肌性斜颈行胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗。结果：疗效优者达85．2％,无一例并发症。结论：胸锁乳突肌下端切断术,操作简单、安全,是一种值得信赖的治疗方法。     

超声指导下早期手术治疗先天性肌性斜颈

目的探讨超声指导下先天性肌性斜颈(CMT)患儿最佳手术时机。方法选择3个月以内确诊的CMT患儿156例,保守治疗6个月,治疗过程中定期彩超对照检查,对胸锁乳突肌挛缩、纤维化加重的45例患儿进行手术治疗。其中43例采用胸锁乳突肌切断术,2例采用胸锁乳突肌全切术。结果45例手术患儿39例获得术后随访(随访率86.7%),最长随访时间5年。手术效果为优35例(89.7%),良2例(5.1%),差2例(5.1%)。结论CMT最佳手术年龄可以提前到8个月甚至更小,出现胸锁乳突肌纤维化后也应尽早选择手术,彩色超声对疾病的诊断及手术时机的选择有重要作用。     

先天性肌性斜颈手术治疗的美学探讨

治疗先天性肌性斜颈的手术方法甚多，虽然在功能上得到了恢复，但考虑到术后有损于胸锁乳突肌解剖的体表投影的美学形态。1990年9月以来，我们按自行设计的胸锁乳突肌胸、锁两头Z成形延长术，治疗先天性肌性斜颈154例，对其中85例进行随访3个月至3年，获得满意的功能与外形效果。[第一段]     

胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗肌性斜颈的疗效评价

胸锁乳突肌下端切断术治疗肌性斜颈的疗效评价作者单位：３２５００３温州医学院附属第二医院徐华梓李仲荣我院１９８２～１９９０年收治肌性斜颈６０例，经３～１０年随访４２例，远期疗效满意。１临床资料获随访的４２例中，男２４例，女１８例。年龄１０个月～２０岁，...     

胸锁乳突肌延长术的相关解剖与临床应用研究

斜颈是指颈部的一侧短于对侧，使头部偏向患侧，颏部则向正常侧上移的一种畸形。斜颈的病因有多种，临床常见的为先天性肌性斜颈，其发病原因为患侧的胸锁乳突肌纤维化和挛缩。治疗斜颈的手术方式已由最初的肌腱切断术，发展为现在的多种方法，其中胸锁乳突肌延长术的优点是保持了颈下段的丰满和胸锁乳突肌的体表颈三角形     

Subcutaneous tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle as therapy in muscular torticollis

This study reviews the cases of 49 patients with congenital muscular torticollis after an average follow-up of seven years, who were treated with subcutaneous sternomastoid tenotomy. An excellent result was found in 18 patients (37%), a good result in another 18 patients (37%), while the result of 13 patients (26%) must be regarded as unsatisfactory. There were no severe complications to be seen. These results are compared with other operative technics of treatment of muscular torticollis and the poor results are analyzed. We believe that subcutaneous sternomastoid tenotomy is a good method for treatment of muscular torticollis, with the advantage of avoiding any ugly scar.     

29例先天性肌性斜颈术后复发病例的诊治

目的：对29例先天性肌性斜颈手术后复发病例的治疗进行总结。方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2013年1月收治的29例先天性肌性斜颈手术后复发病例的临床和随访资料。29例均行胸锁乳突肌双极松解术,术后予枕颌牵引1个月,佩戴胸颈联合支具3-6个月。结果29例均获得长期随访（11个月至10年）,患者头颈偏斜症状消失,颈活动正常,效果优良。结论胸锁乳突肌双极松解术,联合术后枕颌吊带牵引、佩戴胸颈联合支具,是治疗先天性肌性斜颈术后复发病例的有效方法。     

内镜下胸锁乳突肌切断治疗肌性斜颈的疗效观察

目的探讨内镜下离断胸锁乳突肌治疗肌性斜颈的效果。方法23例肌性斜颈患儿,年龄1个月～12岁,中位数2岁6个月。右侧腋窝皮纹线内置入5mm trocar,手持镜头将胸锁乳突肌下端胸骨头和锁骨头表面的肌膜钝性分离,充入CO2气体加压至6mmHg,形成皮下空间。在外侧颈下横纹内和前胸横纹处切开3mm分别置入3mm弯钳和电刀尖。电凝或电切横断胸锁乳突肌纤维束,松解胸锁乳突肌周围的纤维组织。结果23例均在内镜下完成手术。平均手术时间51．2min（35～135min）,术中出血量均〈1ml。无损伤周围大血管和神经。1例颈部切口处皮肤轻微电灼伤,2周后自愈。术后行颈部舒展活动训练,术后第1天出院。23例随访3个月～4年,中位时间6个月,斜颈均矫正,疗效优18例,良5例,切口瘢痕不明显,皮肤弹性好,随表情无异常活动现象,无复发。结论内镜下胸锁乳突肌切断治疗肌性斜颈具有微创、恢复快、效果好的优点,瘢痕不明显,美观且不损伤颈阔肌,对表情活动无影响。     

Surgical correction of muscular torticollis in the older child

Thirty-three children between 6 and 16 years of age who were treated for muscular torticollis were followed up from 2 to 10.5 years after surgery. All patients had a distal open release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Preoperative and postoperative assessment by a rigid scoring system showed that all patients improved in terms of function as well as cosmesis. Children less than 12 years of age showed the most improvement, with 71% excellent and good results. Late release of the sternomastoid in muscular torticollis can, therefore, give acceptable results.     

Clinical determinants of the outcome of manual stretching in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. A prospective study of eight hundred and twenty-one cases

BACKGROUND: The natural history of congenital muscular torticollis and the outcome of different treatment modalities have been poorly investigated, and the results of treatment have varied considerably. METHODS: The main objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of 821 consecutive patients with congenital muscular torticollis who were first seen when they were less than one year old, were treated with a standardized program of manual stretching, and were followed for a mean of 4.5 years. Before treatment, the patients were classified into one of three clinical groups: (1) palpable sternomastoid tumor, (2) muscular torticollis (thickening and tightness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle), and (3) postural torticollis (torticollis but no tightness or tumor). RESULTS: Of the 821 patients, 452 (55%) had a sternomastoid tumor; 276 (34%), muscular torticollis; and ninety-three (11%), postural torticollis. Multivariate analysis of the outcomes showed that (1) the duration of treatment was significantly associated with the clinical group (p < 0.0001), a passive rotation deficit of the neck (p < 0.0001), involvement of the right side (p < 0.0001), difficulties with the birth (p < 0.009), and age at presentation (p < 0.0001); (2) the overall final assessment score was associated with the rotation deficit (p = 0.02), age at presentation (p = 0.014), and duration of treatment (p < 0.0001); and (3) subsequent surgical treatment was required by 8% (thirty-four) of the 452 patients in the sternomastoid tumor group compared with 3% (eight) of the 276 patients in the muscular torticollis group and 0% (none) of the ninety-three patients in the postural torticollis group. CONCLUSIONS: This large prospective study demonstrated that controlled manual stretching is safe and effective in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis when a patient is seen before the age of one year. The most important factors that predict the outcome of manual stretching are the clinical group, the initial deficit in rotation of the neck, and the age of the patient at presentation. Surgical treatment is indicated when a patient has undergone at least six months of controlled manual stretching and has residual head tilt, deficits of passive rotation and lateral bending of the neck of >15 degrees, a tight muscular band or tumor, and a poor outcome according to our special assessment chart.