复合血管与倒置大隐静脉旁路移植治疗严重慢性下肢缺血的对比研究

目的比较复合血管序贯式下肢动脉旁路术和倒置自体大隐静脉旁路术治疗严重慢性下肢缺血的效果。方法回顾性分析采用复合式血管(25例)及倒置自体大隐静脉(16例)旁路移植术治疗的41例严重慢性下肢缺血患者的临床资料。复合血管用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)人工血管及自体静脉组合而成。人工血管近心端与股总动脉吻合,远端与孤立腘动脉吻合;自体静脉从PTFE血管远端发出并与小腿的胫或腓动脉吻合。倒置自体大隐静脉旁路术采用同侧大隐静脉作为血管桥。比较两者血管桥的累积通畅率和保肢率。结果平均随访18.7个月。男29例,女12例。平均年龄(67±10.4)岁。FontaineⅢ级23例,FontaineⅣ级18例。复合血管组中自体静脉远端吻合口止于胫前动脉5例,胫后动脉14例,腓动脉6例;倒置大隐静脉移植组中10例吻合口止于胫后动脉,3例腓动脉,3例胫前动脉。复合血管组踝肱指数术前为0.24±0.14,术后为0.68±0.22(P=0.000)。倒置大隐静脉组平均踝肱指数术前为0.24±0.14,术后为0.68±0.22(P=0.000)。复合血管术后1,2,3年首次通畅率分别为78%,72%,61%;二期通畅率分别为83%,76%,6...     

血管外科基础研究进展

基础研究 ,尤其是与临床紧密结合的基础研究 ,是实现临床突破之本。而今 ,对基础研究倍加重视的时代已经来到 ,血管外科也不例外。今就血管外科基础研究中的热点问题进行探讨。一、生物化人工血管及其基因修饰组织工程始于 90年代初[1] ,但我们于 1985年已开始了人工血管生物化的研究 ,旨在探索理想的血管移植物 ,该题为血管外科的重要研究课题之一。自体大隐静脉虽为良好的血管移植材料 ,但它只适用于小型动脉的移植。从 1895年Masni以玻璃管作为移植材料 ,到 2 0世纪 5 0年代的涤纶、真丝、聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)人工血管研制成功 ,使其在大…     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎合并动脉硬化闭塞导致下肢缺血的手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thmmboangiitis obliterans,TAO)合并动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年治疗的TAO合并ASO 6例患者的资料.2例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-胭动脉人工血管-小腿动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,1例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-右股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-膝下胭动脉人工血管旁路移植术;1例行左髂总动脉-左股深动脉人工血管旁路移植一胫前动脉自体大隐静脉原位移植术,1例行左侧人工血管切开取栓+左股深动脉成形-膝下腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术,1例行右股总动脉-左股总动脉人工血管旁路移植-胫后动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.结果 5例患者术后恢复顺利,1例于术后当天出现股动脉-腘动脉人工血管和远段的大隐静脉桥血栓形成,立即再次手术行人工血管和大隐静脉切开取栓术,并同时行胫后动静脉吻合.6例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例.5例患者的下肢远端静息痛完全缓解,1例部分缓解.足部溃疡的2例创面明显缩小,无感染发生.所有患者得到随访,平均随访为6.5个月,3例足部溃疡愈合.1例术后3个月出现左股部切口感染,最终行膝上截肢处理,残端一期愈合.其他5例患者的移植血管通畅,症状缓解.结论 对TAO合并ASO患者如果手术治疗方式恰当,可以取得比较好的疗效.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后再狭窄与闭塞的处理

自1948年Kunlin和Lerlche用自体静脉行旁路移植术获得成功、1965年Connlg开展原位大隐静脉旁路术及上世纪70年代William Gore的膨体聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE）人工血管广泛使用以来,动脉旁路移植术已成为目前治疗肢体缺血性疾病的主要手术方封”。然而无论是白体静脉还是人工血管,随着术后时间的延长,移植血管的通畅率逐年降低,而最易发生狭窄与闭塞的是下肢动脉旁路移植术,尤以移植至膝下者多见,使病人再次出现更为严重的肢体缺血的临床症状。     

血管重建治疗注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的探讨注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法对14例注射毒品所致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。9例直接采用ePTFE人工血管行原位移植间置术;4例采用自体大隐静脉原位间置移植术;1例行单纯股深动脉结扎术。结果全部病例术后患肢供血良好,无肢体缺血表现,其中11例患者成功随访1～45个月,1例患者出院后出现伤口感染,余患者伤口均在1个月内愈合,现患肢均无缺血症状,活动自如。结论吸毒所致股动脉假性动脉瘤切除后血管重建有利于保证下肢血供,在患者不能提供合适的自体大隐静脉移植时,人工血管原位移植仍是治疗假性股动脉瘤的有效方法。术中彻底清创及术后伤口引流、加强抗炎是预防术后人工血管并发感染的最主要措施。     

血管吻合器在游离组织瓣修复颌面缺损中的应用

目的:探讨血管吻合器在游离组织瓣移植修复口腔颌面部缺损中的应用效果。方法:34例游离组织瓣修复口腔颌面缺损患者,静脉采用血管吻合器行端端吻合,动脉采用手工端端吻合,另选取30例同期手工吻合血管作为对照组,比较两组病例的静脉吻合手术时间、术后并发症及皮瓣成活率。结果:应用血管吻合器行单根静脉吻合平均用时(5.8±1.8)min,明显低于手工吻合平均用时(13.2±2.2)min;两组均无血栓形成,对照组静脉危象发生率为6.67%,与研究组相比无显著性差异。结论:血管吻合器在游离组织瓣修复颌面部缺损中应用,静脉吻合操作简单、快捷,吻合质量可靠,有较高的临床应用价值。     

体外循环与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术移植血管流量对比分析

目的比较非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass graft,OPCABG)与传统体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass graft,CCABG)移植血管通畅性。方法利用瞬时血流测定技术(transit-time flow meter,TTFM)对105例CCABG和140例OPCABG移植血管进行测量,并记录平均流量(mean flow,Qm)及搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)。结果2组一般情况无显著性差异,2组旁路移植血管数目及血管材料无差异。流量测定结果,乳内动脉OPCABG组(n=101)Qm(37.2±26.6)ml/min,PI3.3±1.3;CCABG组(n=75)Qm(39.5±21.8)ml/min,PI3.3±1.2,两组差异无显著性(t=-0.612、0.000,P>0.05),大隐静脉流量两组也无显著性差异[OPCABG组(n=335)Qm(36.8±27.4)ml/min,PI3.1±1.5;CCABG组(n=281)Qm(40.9±...     

自体移植静脉中sonic hedgehog表达水平的动物实验研究

目的 研究细胞周期相关因子sonic hedgehog(SHH)在大鼠自体移植静脉中的表达变化及其与内膜增生的关系.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠24只,8周龄,体质量140 g.建立颈静脉-腹主动脉移植模型,分别于术后14 d、28 d各处死12只大鼠,取材移植血管,免疫组化检测SHH蛋白在移植血管新生内膜中的表达,Western blot法观察SHH及细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)的表达,Real-time PCR定量检测SHH mRNA的表达;以对侧颈静脉作为对照.结果 免疫组化结果显示,正常静脉、术后14 d和术后28 d移植静脉SHH+细胞数比例分别为(2.0±0.5)%、(39.4±0.4)%和(63.0±0.3)%,正常静脉与移植静脉差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Western blot法显示术后SHH表达水平增加并与PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.808,P<0.01).Real-time PCR结果显示术后14 d组和术后28 d组的SHH mRNA表达增加,分别为对照组含量的9.5和23.8倍.结论 自体静脉移植术后,SHH在新生内膜中高表达并可能与细胞增殖相关.     

内窥镜采集大隐静脉的临床效果及应用体会

目的 通过对比冠状动脉旁路移植术中传统的全程切开采集大隐静脉(open saphenous vein harvest,OVH)与内窥镜辅助采集大隐静脉(endoscopic saphenous vein harvest,EVH)两种术式评价EVH的应用效果和总结应用体会.方法 观察两种术式:(1)获取大隐静脉手术时间;(2)采集大隐静脉总手术时间;(3)修补血管次数;(4)术后并发症;(5)采用VAS(Visual Analog Scale)评分,评估术后4d和第4周下肢切口疼痛.结果 EVH组伤口并发症发生率为10.7%,OVH组为36.7%,两组对比EVH组有明显减少(P<0.01);切口疼痛VAS评分,EVH组术后第4天、第4周分别为(2.4±0.6)和(1.0±0.6),OVH分别为(3.2±0.8)和(1.6±0.8),术后第4天疼痛EVH组明显轻(P<0.01),术后第4周疼痛两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.56);手术时间:采集大隐静脉手术总时间EVH组(39.7±4.2)min,OVH组(40.3±5.3)min,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.66),获取大隐静脉手术时间EVH组(36.3±3.9)min,OVH组(29.0±5.1)min,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);EVH组修补血管次数(1.7±0.7),OVH组(1.1±0.8),两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.04).结论 EVH和OVH相比显著减少了术后切口并发症和疼痛,不延长总手术时间.     

血管移植在肢体血管损伤中的应用

目的 总结应用血管移植在肢体血管损伤修复中的临床效果。方法 采用自体静脉和人工血管,用不同的吻合方式对５３条损伤的血管进行血管移植。结果 除２例术后截肢外,其余移植血管均通畅,远端肢体循环良好,肢体无肿胀。结论 动脉、静脉损伤２ｃｍ以上均需行血管移植,尽量采用自体静脉移植,必要时可使用人造血管,血管吻合时应遵循显微外科原则。     

人工血管在血管外科中的应用

人工血管的诞生，是血管外科发展的重要里程碑，其临床应用已十分广泛，有关研究也一直方兴未艾。按材质而言，人工血管分为合成血管、生物血管、表面改性人工血管和支架型人工血管。     

纤维血管镜技术在下肢血管疾病中的应用

世界上第一台血管镜是由Rhea和Walker在1913年首先研制，用在犬的开胸术中观察心脏的“直管金属心脏内镜”。经过90余年的演进过程，血管镜经历了根本的变革，已经逐渐发展到临床应用阶段。光纤纤维血管镜系统由可屈式纤维血管内窥镜（其外径自0．5-4mm不等），冷光源，冲洗系统，摄、录像系统，电视屏幕显示系统等共同组成，通常由一个集成架将其集装为一体。     

胰腺癌根治术联合血管切除中自体血管的采用

胰腺癌血管受累行手术切除时大部分可直接吻合重建。但有时切除段过长仍需血管移植。移植的血管分为自体血管或人造血管。人造血管如Gore-Tex、ePTFE等，可根据情况选用不同长度、口径；但其费用昂贵，且术后需长期抗凝。远期血管通畅率低于自体血管，故使用时应慎重。自体血管有颈内静脉、髂内外静脉、左肾静脉、大隐静脉、卵巢静脉、脾静脉忉、股静脉及股浅静脉等。     

219 vascular fellows' perception of the future of vascular surgery

In an attempt to identify the fellows' concerns about the future of the field of vascular surgery, we conducted a survey consisting of 22 questions at an annual national meeting in March from 2004 to 2007. In order to obtain accurate data, all surveys were kept anonymous. The fellows were asked (1) what type of practice they anticipated they would be in, (2) what the new training paradigm for fellows should be, (3) to assess their expectation of the needed manpower with respect to the demand for vascular surgeons, (4) what were major threats to the future of vascular surgery, (5) whether they had heard of and were in favor of the American Board of Vascular Surgery (ABVS), (6) who should be able to obtain vascular privileges, and (7) about their interest in an association for vascular surgical trainees. Of 273 attendees, 219 (80%) completed the survey. Males made up 87% of those surveyed, and 60% were between the ages of 31 and 35 years. Second-year fellows made up 82% of those surveyed. Those expecting to join a private, academic, or mixed practice made up 35%, 28%, and 20% of the respondents, respectively, with 71% anticipating entering a 100% vascular practice. Forty percent felt that 5 years of general surgery with 2 years of vascular surgery should be the training paradigm, while 45% suggested 3 and 3 years, respectively. A majority, 79%, felt that future demand would exceed the available manpower, while 17% suggested that manpower would meet demand. The major challenges to the future of vascular surgery were felt to be competition from cardiology (82%) or radiology (30%) and lack of an independent board (29%). Seventeen percent were not aware of the ABVS, and only 2% were against it; 71% suggested that vascular privileges be restricted to board-certified vascular surgeons. Seventy-six percent were interested in forming an association for vascular trainees to address the issues of the future job market (67%), endovascular training during fellowship (56%), increasing focus on the vascular fellows at national meetings (49%), and representation for the fellows on the national councils (37%). This survey suggests that several significant issues exist in the minds of vascular trainees that have not been addressed and may present opportunities for further dialogue.     

胰腺癌根治术联合血管切除中人造血管的采用

近年胰腺癌手术切除率得到明显提高。以往当胰腺癌侵及门静脉（PV）／肠系膜上静脉（SMV）时，常被视为手术切除的禁忌证。但大量研究表明，如果胰腺癌侵犯PV／SMV而无其他远处脏器转移．行联合血管切除的胰头癌扩大根治术仍可获得较好的治疗效果．并对改善病人术后生活质量有一定益处。一般认为，当血管切除长度不超过3～4cm时，可直接行血管吻合。但如果PV切除范围较长而难以直接行端端吻合时。就需应用替代血管进行重建，包括自体血管或人造血管。     

Assessing clamp-related vascular injuries by measurement of associated vascular dysfunction

The development of vascular clamps requires a reliable method to quantitate clamp-related vascular injuries. The degree of vessel damage usually is estimated subjectively from photomicrographs made with scanning electron microscopy. In order to test whether the use of vascular rings to assess residual vascular function may be a better method, rabbit thoracic aortas were occluded by five types of clamps: a Fogarty softjaw bulldog, a Fogarty Hydragrip, a 6-inch Satinsky clamp, an Edslab bulldog, and a silicone vessel band. Each area of clamp injury was sectioned into a vascular ring and suspended in a tissue bath. Residual vascular function was determined by contraction in response to phenylephrine and by relaxation in response to methacholine chloride and sodium nitroprusside. Morphologic studies with use of Evans blue dye and scanning electron microscopy complemented the vascular-function studies. The Fogarty bulldog clamp was the best at preserving vascular contraction and relaxation; the more crushing Satinsky clamp was the worst. The testing of vascular rings for residual function appears to be a useful technique for objectively quantitating vascular clamp-related vascular damage.     

血管平滑肌细胞在糖尿病血管病变中的作用

糖尿病血管病变是常见的糖尿病并发症之一,可危及全身各个器官,是糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因。目前常规治疗手段对严重的糖尿病血管病变的效果有限。血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)在糖尿病血管病变的进程中发挥重要作用,因此,通过调控VSMC来逆转糖尿病血管病变有广泛的应用前景。笔者就VSMC的生物学特征及其在糖尿病中的表型转换特点与VSMC调控应用于糖尿病的治疗策略进行综述。     

Concomitant vascular procedures for malignancies with vascular invasion

HYPOTHESIS: Contemporary reconstructive vascular techniques can be safely used to permit resection of tumors invading major vascular structures. DESIGN: Review of vascular surgery registry between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2001. SETTING: An academic medical center and affiliated institutions. PATIENTS: Forty-nine patients (37 males and 12 females) aged 15 through 80 years (mean age, 55 years) who required concomitant vascular resection and reconstruction to allow complete tumor resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Early (<30 days) morbidity and mortality, late (>30 days) vascular morbidity and mortality, primary patency of the vascular reconstruction, and tumor-free survival. RESULTS: Aortic resection with graft reconstruction was performed in 20 patients (41.7%) and inferior vena cava resection with reconstruction in 6 patients (12.5%). Five patients (10.4%) had both the aorta and inferior vena cava resected and reconstructed. Iliac, femoral, or popliteal reconstructions were performed in 15 patients (31.3%). Portal vein reconstruction was performed to permit resection of pancreatic neoplasms in 8 patients (16.7%). Resection and reconstruction of either a brachiocephalic vessel or superior vena cava was performed in 4 patients. Thirty-day mortality was 2.1%, as 1 patient died of a myocardial infarction following tumor resection with vascular reconstruction. Overall 30-day morbidity was 12.2%. Early vascular morbidity included bleeding from an arterial anastomosis and a compartment syndrome requiring fasciotomy. Primary patency of the vascular reconstructions at 24 months was 90% and tumor-free survival was 70%. Thirty-one patients (63%) were alive, without tumor recurrence and with a patent vascular reconstruction at 24 months. No patient died or lost a limb due to occlusion of the vascular reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Contemporary reconstructive vascular procedures permit resection of tumors that involve major vascular structures with acceptable early and late morbidity and mortality.