肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全性及疗效分析

目的:探讨肝硬化合并胆囊结石患者进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床应用价值。方法:对38例肝硬化合并胆囊结石患者行LC的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果:36例成功完成了LC,2例中转开腹,1例术后出血,无肝功能衰竭、胆道损伤等并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论:严格掌握手术适应证,充分掌握肝硬化合并胆囊结石的解剖特点,LC是一种安全可行的微创手术。     

胆囊疾病合并肝硬化的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（Lc）在胆囊疾病合并肝硬化中的可行性与疗效。方法回顾分析32例胆囊疾病合并肝硬化实施LC的临床资料。结果32例中顺利施行LC30例，2例因出血而中转开腹。术后出现腹水3例，胆漏1例，经引流、保肝等治疗后痊愈。无腹腔感染及肝功能衰竭等严重并发症。结论胆囊疾病合并肝硬化肝功能ChildA、B级的LC手术是可行的。加强围手术期处理是保证手术成功的关键。     

胆囊结石合并肝硬化的腹腔镜治疗分析

目的探讨肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性、安全性及手术技术特点。方法回顾分析我院自1991年3月至2007年3月间,240例Child A、B级肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果LC成功224例,中转开腹16例。中转原因:结石嵌顿,Calot三角粘连10例;术中出血,镜下止血困难4例;术中发现胆道变异2例。LC手术时间40.3±12.5min,术中出血60.8±19.5 ml,术中无损伤;术后出血2例,肺部感染2例,泌尿系感染2例。无肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,均治愈出院。术后住院日5.2±2.0 d。结论对于Child A、B级肝硬化患者,腹腔镜胆囊切除术是一种安全可行的微创手术。     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(附68例报告)

目的:总结肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床经验。方法:回顾分析68例肝硬化患者LC的资料。结果: 68例均获成功,无中转开腹。其中2例胆漏, 1例为胆管撕裂伤,另1例为迷走胆管漏,均在加强引流、抗感染、保肝护肝等保守治疗14d后自行愈合;另有2例胆囊窝积液经保守治疗10d后完全吸收; 1例合并胰腺炎,保守治疗3w后痊愈。术后无腹腔及消化道出血;无肝功衰竭者;无并发血栓形成者;肝功及凝血机制各项指标能在5 -9d恢复至术前水平。结论:正确选择手术时机和准确把握肝硬化者的肝功能储备与Child- Push分级,肝硬化患者需行胆囊切除术时应首选LC术式。     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性、安全性及手术技术特点。方法:回顾分析120例Child A、B级肝硬化患者行LC的临床资料。结果:中转开腹8例。中转原因:结石嵌顿、Calot三角粘连5例;术中出血,镜下止血困难2例;术中发现胆道变异1例。LC平均手术时间(40.3±12.5)min,术中平均出血(60.8±19.5)ml,术中无损伤,术后出血、肺部感染、泌尿系感染各1例。无肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,均治愈出院,术后平均住院(5.2±2.0)d。结论:对于Child A、B级肝硬化患者,LC是一种安全可行的微创手术。     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术78例报告

目的探讨肝硬化合并胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopie cholecystectomy,LC）的可行性。方法2000年5月～2010年5月,78例肝硬化合并胆囊结石行四孔法LC,全麻,术前、术后加强保肝治疗。结果76例成功完成LC,手术时间20～110min,平均37min;术中出血量10～200ml,平均35ml。2例因术中出血,中转开腹完成胆囊切除术。术后出现胆囊床渗血6例、肝功能障碍12例、感染13例。74例平均随访13个月（6～24个月）,症状消失,无胆道并发症发生,14例有慢性腹水等肝功能不全表现,内科治疗好转但易复发。结论对肝功能ChildA、B级肝硬化合并胆囊结石的患者施行LC是安全可行的,可作为肝硬化合并胆囊结石的首选术式。     

血吸虫病肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗体会

目的:探讨血吸虫病肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的方法及安全性。方法:回顾分析2001年8月至2009年8月为73例血吸虫病肝硬化合并胆囊炎、胆囊结石患者行LC的临床资料。结果:腹腔镜下成功切除胆囊70例,平均手术时间35min,术中出血50~100ml,3例中转开腹,全组患者均痊愈出院。结论:血吸虫病肝硬化患者行LC安全可行,但要掌握腹腔镜手术的操作技巧、手术指征及围手术期处理原则。     

肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的 分析肝硬化合并胆囊结石伴胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）治疗的可行性。方法 对2015年6月至2016年8月武警安徽省总队医院普外三科收治的55例肝硬化合并胆囊结石伴胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料进行回顾性分析。55例中血吸虫性肝硬化29例,病毒性肝炎肝硬化23例,酒精性肝硬化3例。均行终末期肝病模型（model for end-stage liver disease,MELD）评分：MEDL<14分有44例,20分>MELD≥14分有11例。结果 腹腔镜下成功切除胆囊49例,胆囊次全切除5例,1例因术中胆囊床出血而中转开腹。平均手术时间（31.2±8.8）min,术中出血（52.3±5.85）mL,住院时间（7.6±0.7）d。术后肝下引流管引流大量腹水2例,经对症治疗后,康复出院。无肝功能衰竭、肺感染等不良并发症。结论 术前准确评估肝硬化分级,针对性地进行保肝治疗;术者手术熟练,术中谨防出血,LC术治疗肝硬化合并胆囊结石伴胆囊炎是安全有效的。     

肝硬化门脉高压患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的:探讨合并肝硬化门脉高压(cirrhotic portal hypertension,CPH)患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(cholecystectomy,LC)的手术适应症、可行性及手术难点.方法:回顾性研究37例患者的临床资料,术前、术中及术后的处理方法,观察术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症.结果:手术完成35例,因Mirizzi综合征、胆管结石中转开腹各1例.手术时间(72.6±25.2)min.术中出血5～120 mL,平均55 mL.平均住院(3.0 1.5)d.术后4例发生并发症.结论:如能掌握手术的技术特点和围手术期处理,CPH患者LC是安全可行的.     

肝硬化患者行保留部分胆囊后壁的腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中保留胆囊床部分胆囊后壁的安全性。方法:回顾分析2014年7月至2017年7月为80例胆囊结石患者行LC的临床资料,其中肝硬化患者40例(观察组),术中保留胆囊床部分胆囊后壁;无肝硬化患者40例(对照组),行常规LC。对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后腹腔引流时间、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后腹腔引流时间、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肝硬化Child A级患者行LC术中保留胆囊床部分胆囊后壁是安全的,患者创伤小,术后康复快,并发症少。     

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目的 探讨肝硬变病人腹腔镜胆囊切除的手术适应证和某些手术技术细节。方法 对92例肝功能Child A、B级的症状性胆囊结石病人进行了气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 所有病人术后经过平稳,无胆道损伤及术后再出血。因胆囊嵌顿结石、三角区致密粘连中转开腹2例,1例于穿刺时气腹针损伤肿大脾脏,但未造成严重后果。结论 对于正确选择的病人,腹腔镜胆囊切除术对合并肝硬变的症状性胆囊结石治疗有着满意的疗效。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 226 cirrhotic patients. Experience of a single center in Taiwan

Background: Since 1987, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely used as the favored treatment for gallbladder lesions. However, cirrhosis and portal hypertension have been considered relative or absolute contraindications to LC. This study aimed to assess the safety of LC in cirrhotic patients. Method: The medical records of 226 cirrhotic patients with gallbladder lesions who had undergone LC from 1991 to 2000 were reviewed, including demographics, severity of cirrhosis, laboratory data, operative morbidity, operative mortality, and hospital stay. Furthermore, the clinical features and outcomes of 4030 patients with gallbladder lesions without cirrhosis that had undergone LC were also summarized for comparison. Results: Of 4256 patients with gallbladder lesions that had undergone LC, 226 (5.6%) had cirrhotic livers. The cirrhotic group patients clearly exhibited the trends of older age, worse liver function, higher blood loss, and higher mortality compared to the noncirrhotic group patients. Conclusions: This study presents the clinical features and outcomes of 226 cirrhotic patients who underwent LC. LC, once considered contraindicated in patients with cirrhosis, is a feasible procedure for most Child's A and B patients with cholecystolithiasis. Minor morbidity, an acceptable conversion rate, and shorter hospital stay can be achieved by applying LC to treat cirrhotic patients. However, appropriate preoperative preparations and meticulous operative techniques are required to reduce blood loss during laparoscopy and even mortality.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in liver cirrhosis patients: An Egyptian experience

Aim: Cirrhosis represents a common histological pathway for a wide variety of chronic liver diseases. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most important cause of liver cirrhosis in Egypt. Although cirrhosis has been regarded as a relative contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as a result of bleeding complications and subsequent liver failure, several reports support the safety of LC in selected patients. This was a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LC in cirrhotic patients. Methods: A total of 177 hepatitis C positive patients with chronic calculus cholecystitis who here scheduled for LC between January 2010 and March 2011 were included in the present study. LC was carried out on patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two risk stratification‐schemes were used to estimate the perioperative risk of patients with cirrhosis; the Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score and the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Results: All patients were HCV‐positive patients with Child class A cirrhosis and MELD score ≤ 9. Mean surgical time was 55 min. Surgical difficulty varied between average in 64%, moderate in 28% and extensive in 8%, where 3.4% required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Postoperative follow up of all patients was a multidisciplinary approach by both surgeons and hepatologists. All patients showed sound recovery confirmed by abdominal sonar to exclude intra‐abdominal collections, and application of both CTP and MELD scores, where all patients kept a Child class A score and MELD score ≤ 9. Conclusion: LC is a safe procedure for hepatitis C‐positive cirrhotic patients when established risk stratifications systems, such as CTP and MELD scores, are used for evaluation.     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Cirrhotics

Background and Objectives:

Due to the concern of risk of intra- and postoperative complications and associated morbidity, cirrhosis of the liver is often considered a contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This article intends to review the literature and underline the various approaches to dealing with this technically challenging procedure.

Methods:

A Medline search of major articles in the English literature on LC in cirrhotic patients over a 16-y period from 1994 to 2011 was reviewed and the findings analyzed. A total of 1310 cases were identified.

Results:

Most the patients who underwent LC were in Child-Pugh class A, followed by Child-Pugh classes B and C, respectively. The overall conversion rate was 4.58%, and morbidity was 17% and mortality 0.45%. Among the patients who died, most were in Child-Pugh class C, with a small number in classes B and A. The cause of death included, postoperative bleeding, liver failure, sepsis, duodenal perforation, and myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of 400 patients in the literature, comparing outcomes of patients undergoing LC with and without cirrhosis, revealed higher conversion rate, longer operative time, higher bleeding complications, and overall increased morbidity in patients with cirrhosis. Safe LC was facilitated by measures that included the use of ultrasonic shears and other hemostatic measures and using subtotal cholecystectomy in patients with difficult hilum and gallbladder bed.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in cirrhotic patients, within Child-Pugh classes A and B, with acceptable morbidity and conversion rate.     

肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术36例临床分析

目的 :探讨肝硬变患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证和术中处理方法。方法 :对ChildA、B级的胆囊疾患 36例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 :2例中转开腹 ,无胆道损伤 ,术后无出血和肝功能衰竭病例。结论 :正确选择患者 ,为肝硬变患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术也能取得满意的疗效。     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Cirrhosis of the Liver and Symptomatic Cholelithiasis

Background:

The indications and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients with liver cirrhosis and symptomatic cholelithiasis have not been satisfactorily documented. The aim of this study was to investigate its efficacy and safety in such patients.

Methods:

Medical records of 38 patients with liver cirrhosis (stages Child-Pugh A and B) who underwent LC were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics and other parameters including initial presentation, conversion rate, complication rate, mortality, and duration of hospital stay were investigated and compared with noncirrhotic patients'' parameters in our database.

Results:

Cirrhotic patients who underwent LC were older than noncirrhotic patients (P=0.021). Both the conversion rate (15.78%) and the duration of hospital stay were increased in the cirrhotic group, but without significant differences. Major complications occurred more often in the cirrhotic group (P=0.027), increasing morbidity; however, the mortality was zero.

Conclusions:

LC can be safely performed in Child-Pugh A and B cirrhotic patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, with acceptable complication and conversion rates. The increased risk for a major complication, however, demands more attention than usual.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术切口并发症31例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)切口并发症的发生原因、治疗、预防及预后。方法:回顾1 650例LC发生切口并发症31例的临床资料。结果:31例中切口感染12例,切口下积液11例,切口裂开1例,切口出血1例,皮下淤血及血肿1例,切口疝2例,切口肿瘤种植1例,增殖性瘢痕2例。结论:严格的无菌技术,恰当的切口选择,细致和规范的技术操作,良好的麻醉配合和合理的术后处理是预防LC切口并发症的重要措施。