原发性肾小细胞神经内分泌癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌的起源、临床病理特征、诊断、治疗方法,以提高对该病的认识.方法 分析我科收治的1例肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌患者的临床资料,结合国内外文献对该病进行复习总结.结果 患者无明显症状及阳性体征,因体检发现左肾占位入院.术后标本大体观:左肾上中极见一肿物,大小9 cm×8 cm×8 cm,切面灰白,质软呈实性,肾盂、肾盏结构破坏.镜下观:肿瘤细胞为小圆形或梭形,小梁状、巢状或片状排列,核分裂易见.免疫组化:CD10(-)、CD117(+)、CD56(+)、CD99(+)、CgA(-)、CK(部分+)、CK7(-)、CK8(+)、Ki-67(≥25%)、Syn(+)、Vim(+).结论 肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌临床罕见,临床表现缺乏特异性,确诊主要依靠组织学特点和免疫组织化学检查,治疗以根治性手术为主,预后较差.     

睾丸富于细胞纤维瘤临床病理观察

目的:探讨睾丸富于细胞纤维瘤的临床病理特征、鉴别诊断和预后。方法:对1例睾丸富于细胞纤维瘤的临床表现、组织形态和免疫组化进行综合分析,并结合文献讨论其病理特点及鉴别诊断。结果:30岁男性患者,右侧睾丸不适并无痛性肿大为主诉。睾丸纤维瘤实性边界清楚,包膜亦厚亦薄,切面灰白色,镜下梭型瘤细胞排列成席纹状、鱼骨状或束状,细胞丰富,细胞核无多形性,核分裂像为0～1个/10HP。免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞波形蛋白(+)、S-100局灶(+)、平滑肌蛋白局灶(+)、肌纤维蛋白(-)、α-抑制素(-)、CD34(-)、CD99(-)、Ki-67阳性率不足1%。结论:睾丸富于细胞纤维瘤是一种罕见的睾丸性索间质肿瘤,与卵巢同源性肿瘤病理特征相同;容易与睾丸的其它梭型细胞肿瘤混淆,形态学结合免疫组化可资鉴别;手术切除预后良好。     

睾丸大细胞钙化型支持细胞瘤临床病理观察

目的:探讨睾丸大细胞钙化型支持细胞瘤的临床及病理组织学特征。方法:运用组织学、免疫组化及组织化学技术对1例睾丸大细胞钙化型支持细胞瘤进行光镜观察及免疫标记,并结合相关文献对其临床表现、组织形态、免疫组化特点及治疗和预后等进行分析。结果:患者为青年男性,病理组织学表现为肿瘤细胞排列成巢状、梁状,细胞呈多角形,胞质嗜酸,核大空泡状,伴间质广泛钙化。免疫组化染色显示肿瘤细胞inh ib in(+)、S-100(+)和vim entin(+),PLAP(-)、SMA(-)、CK(-)、AFP(-)。组织化学染色阿辛蓝(+)、过碘酸雪夫氏反应(PAS)阴性。结论:大细胞钙化型支持细胞瘤是一种罕见的睾丸性索间质肿瘤;免疫组化有助于睾丸大细胞钙化型支持细胞瘤的诊断,鉴别诊断包括精原细胞瘤的管状型、睾丸间质细胞瘤(Leyd ig细胞瘤)、普通型及硬化型支持细胞瘤、雄激素不敏感综合征以及隐睾中的支持细胞结节等,手术切除预后良好。     

胃神经鞘瘤一例报道及文献回顾

目的介绍胃神经鞘瘤的临床表现、病理特点及其诊治。方法报道1例58岁的女性病人,因"上腹部不适2年余"在徐州医科大学附属医院接受腹腔镜胃部分切除术,术后病理学及免疫组化证实为胃神经鞘瘤。结合既往文献,分析该病的临床表现、影像学表现、病理学特点、治疗和预后的相关情况。结果该病起源于雪旺细胞,临床表现无特异性,内镜及CT检查可辅助发现及定位病灶,光镜下肿瘤细胞呈梭形,核分裂象罕见,肿瘤周围淋巴细胞套形成,免疫组化:S-100(++),CD117(-),CD34(-),DOG-1(-)。手术切除是目前有效的治疗方法。结论胃神经鞘瘤是临床少见的良性肿瘤,恶性胃神经鞘瘤更为罕见,确诊需免疫组化检测,手术切除是最佳的治疗方法。     

肾盂原发浆细胞样变异型尿路上皮癌1例病理分析及文献复习

目的探讨肾盂原发的浆细胞样变异型尿路上皮癌诊治及病理特点。方法报告肾盂原发的浆细胞样变异型尿路上皮癌1例,通过光镜、免疫组化等方法研究其病理特点并复习相关文献。结果患者为79岁男性,因无痛性全程肉眼血尿就诊,行肾盂癌根治切除术,3月后死亡。病理所见:肾盂肿物外向性生长,镜下见肿瘤细胞呈弥漫巢片状分布,有纤细纤维分隔,大部分区域细胞中等偏大,胞质嗜酸性,核偏位,染色质团块状,呈浆细胞样;少部分区域细胞核大,类圆形,可见明显核仁,呈淋巴瘤样,两种组织形态混合存在。免疫组化Ckpan、CK7、EMA、CD138、E-cadherin(+),CEA、CK20、vimentin、LCA、CD38、CD20、CD79a、CD3、CD30、CD99、actin、CD68、S-100、HMB45及PSA(-)。结论浆细胞样变异型尿路上皮癌极少原发于肾盂,肿瘤细胞具有浆细胞形态特点,CK、CD138(+),E-cadherin多为(-),但也可(+)。     

原发性精囊透明性细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨原发性精囊透明细胞癌的临床表现、病理特征及诊断治疗。方法:对我院收治的1例原发性精囊透明细胞癌患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,并复习相关文献。结果:本例患者因反复血精2年入院,术前经影像学及精囊镜活检证实为右侧精囊原发透明细胞癌,免疫组织化学检查示PSA-,CK7-,CD125-,CD20-,RCC+,CD10+,EMA+,行开放性膀胱前列腺精囊切除术、盆腔淋巴结清扫术及回肠膀胱术。术后随访1年,未见肿瘤复发及肾脏占位病变。结论:原发性精囊癌病理分型为透明细胞癌类型极为罕见,手术为其主要治疗方法,需达到肿瘤切缘阴性,术后是否行抗雄激素治疗或放化疗等辅助治疗尚存在争议。     

原发性肾输尿管小细胞神经内分泌癌的诊断与治疗(附10例报告)

目的:探讨原发性肾输尿管小细胞神经内分泌癌(NEC)的临床病理特点,提高该类疾病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析四川大学华西医院2003~2012年诊治的10例原发性肾输尿管小细胞NEC的临床病理资料,总结该类疾病临床特点、免疫组化特点、鉴别诊断要点及临床预后。结果:10例患者病理诊断为完全的NEC7例(完全低分化6例,低分化和中分化混合1例),NEC混合高级别尿路上皮癌3例(肾盂2例,输尿管1例)。2例肿瘤局限在肾脏内,8例肿瘤侵犯肾周和输尿管外脂肪,6例淋巴结转移阳性,1例切缘阳性。免疫组化分析:CD56、嗜铬颗粒素A(CgA)、突触素、神经元烯醇化酶不同程度表达;10例患者上述4个指标中至少1个指标阳性。CD99(6/6),RCC(5/5),WT-1(5/5)等指标均为阴性。PCK和Ki-67指数不同程度表达。1例术后3个月失访;1例术后47个月无复发证据存活至今;1例术后8个月出现肝脏及肺转移;其余7例死亡,平均生存8个月(3~17个月)。结论:原发性肾输尿管NEC临床罕见,侵袭性强,确诊时多数伴有转移,同时合并尿路上皮癌常见。早期局限在肾内的肿瘤,根治性肾切除可取得较好效果;而合并转移的晚期肿瘤,尽管采取手术治疗和术后化疗,预后仍差。寻找包括分子靶向药物在内的新的治疗方法可能是今后治疗的方向。     

肾孤立性纤维瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的 分析肾孤立性纤维瘤的临床病理特征及诊治方式.方法 回顾性分析我院诊治的1例肾孤立性纤维瘤的病理特征、临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方式和术后随访状况.结果 肾孤立性纤维瘤是肾脏较罕见的一种间叶性肿瘤,良性居多,少数为恶性.病理特征多为VIM(+)、CD34(+)、BcL-2(+)、CD99(+).影像学检查显示为类圆形、包膜完整的肿物,与周围组织界限清楚,CT增强后呈现不同程度欠均匀强化.本例患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,术后病理诊断为肾孤立性纤维瘤(中间性),术后随访3月余,未见肿瘤复发、进展和转移.结论 肾孤立性纤维瘤属临床上较罕见的肿瘤,确诊主要通过病理诊断,治疗上首选手术切除肿瘤.     

前列腺副神经节瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨前列腺副神经节瘤的临床表现、病理特征、治疗和预后。方法:报道前列腺副神经节瘤1例,患者男,39岁,主因"反复血精1年余"入院,误诊为前列腺癌后,行耻骨上前列腺根治性切除术,完整切除肿瘤。结果:术后病理确诊为前列腺副神经节瘤,本例前列腺副神经节瘤为无功能性,免疫组化:NSE(+)、CGA(+)、S100(+)、CK(-)、Desmin(-)。术后血压平稳,2周后拔尿管出院。随访48个月至今未复发。结论:前列腺副神经节瘤缺乏特异的临床特征表现,易误诊,只有靠切除术后病理和免疫组化才能确诊。由于其非常罕见,相关治疗缺乏成熟的经验,故需要进一步研究。     

阴茎神经内分泌癌(附1例报告)

目的探讨阴茎神经内分泌癌(NEC)的诊断、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析2011年我院收治的1例经病理确诊的阴茎NEC患者临床资料,并复习有关文献。结果患者行阴茎部分切除术,组织学特点和免疫组化标记物提示为原发性高分化阴茎NEC(类癌)。术后未行辅助治疗,随访24个月,无肿瘤复发。结论阴茎NEC临床罕见,组织学特点和免疫组化标记物是诊断该病的主要依据。早期手术疗效良好,术后应密切随访,预防复发和转移。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.