组织氛围对临床护士情绪智力的影响

目的了解临床护士的情绪智力现状,探讨组织氛围对其影响,提高临床护士的情绪智力水平。方法采用便利抽样方法抽取上海市浦东地区4家医院临床护士388名,采用护士情绪智力量表和组织氛围表进行问卷调查。结果临床护士情绪智力总均分为(72.84±14.47)分,组织氛围总均分为(99.15±19.76)分;组织氛围各维度与情绪智力呈正相关(P0.05,P0.01);多元逐步回归分析显示,年龄、团队行为、管理支持对临床护士情绪智力有正向预测作用(P0.05,P0.01),晚夜班次数对情绪智力有负向预测作用(P0.01)。结论临床护士的情绪智力呈中等偏上水平,影响因素多样。护理管理者应重视团队协作,注重人文关怀,合理分配人员,促使临床护士灵活地处理自己及他人的负性情绪,细心周到的照护患者,从而促进患者康复。     

Health,performance and emotional intelligence: an exploratory study of retail managers

Contemporary theories place emotions and self‐regulation at the centre of a dynamic process of stress. Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to perceive, understand and reflectively manage one's own emotions and those of others. This study, which was situated within the management population (n = 224) of a large retail organization, investigates the relationship between a measure of EQ, subjective stress, distress, general health, morale, quality of working life and management performance. Significant correlations in the expected direction were found, indicating that managers who scored higher in EQ suffered less subjective stress, experienced better health and well‐being, and demonstrated better management performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with physical and psychological health functioning

This study investigates the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) characteristics, such as perception, control, use and understanding of emotions, with physical and psychological health. In the first study, 365 individuals filled in measures of EI and general health. It was hypothesized that EI would be negatively associated with poor general health. In the second study, 212 working adults completed the same measure of EI and another measure, which apart from the standard information regarding physical and psychological health, provided also information about other health related behaviours, such as smoking, drinking, and exercising. It was also hypothesized that EI would negatively correlate with smoking and drinking and positively correlate with exercising. The findings confirmed both hypotheses and provided further support on the claims that there is a relationship between EI and health functioning. Additionally, in a series of hierarchical regression analyses the unique contribution of each of the EI scales on the overall health score were investigated. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of emotional competences on health and personal lifestyle, while implications for practice and directions for future research are proposed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工作控制感在临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠间的中介效应

目的探讨工作控制感对临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠的中介作用,为降低其工作倦怠感提供新思路。方法对107名临床护理教师采用情绪智力量表、工作控制感量表、马氏工作倦怠量表进行调查。结果临床护理教师的情绪智力、工作控制感、个人成就感倦怠得分3.80±0.80、3.11±0.63、3.93±1.24,情绪智力与后两者呈正相关关系(r=0.374、0.466,均P0.01),工作控制感在情绪智力与个人成就感倦怠之间有部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的17.80%。结论情绪智力及工作控制感都是临床护理教师个人成就感倦怠的保护因素,工作控制感能促进情绪智力降低工作倦怠感。     

Postoperative pain and emotional intelligence

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between emotional intelligence (the ability to understand and regulate feelings) and postoperative pain in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. METHODS: In a prospective intra-subject design we studied 32 patients in a natural context in which they underwent digestive and urological surgery. We used a structured interview, psychometric tests, and two quantitative scales for evaluating pain. RESULTS: Results indicated a significant negative correlation between the variable repair of feelings and pain scores on both verbal and visual analog scales (p < 0.05). The pain scores on each scale were highly correlated (p < 0.01). Likewise, the score on the visual analog scale on the first postoperative day and the overall score correlated (p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated a significant effect of clarity and repair of feelings on the perception of postoperative pain. CONCLUSION: Patients showing higher emotional intelligence scores (clarity and repair) assessed their postoperative pain as less intense.     

The benefits of meditation vis‐à‐vis emotional intelligence,perceived stress and negative mental health

This paper evaluates the benefits of meditation in regard to emotional intelligence (EI), perceived stress and negative mental health with cross‐sectional and experimental studies. It first studied 351 full‐time working adults with different amounts of experience in meditation for these factors in order to test the hypothesis that their differences in them were based on differences in meditation experience, and found that those participants with greater meditation experience exhibited higher EI, and less perceived stress and negative mental health than those who had less or none. It then randomly divided 20 graduate students with no previous experience of meditation into a mindfulness meditation group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10), and measured them for the same variable pre‐treatment and post‐treatment to test the hypothesis that meditation training improves people's state, and found that those who completed the mindfulness meditation training demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆护士工作场所欺凌与情绪智力的相关性分析

目的 了解护士遭受工作场所欺凌的现状及影响因素,并探究与情绪智力的相关性.方法 便利选取新疆8所医院的5331名护士,采用一般人口学资料、中文版负性行为量表、情绪智力量表进行问卷调查.结果 工作场所欺凌总分中位数为25.00分,情绪智力总分为(69.06±13.58)分,护士工作场所欺凌的发生率为31.83％,严重欺凌发生率为14.37％;护士工作场所欺凌总得分与情绪智力总得分呈负相关(r=-0.693,P<0.01).回归分析结果显示,性别、工作年限、工作科室和情绪智力各维度为护士工作场所欺凌的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01),共解释工作场所欺凌总变异度的45.4％.结论 护士工作场所欺凌发生率较高,护理管理者应借鉴国内外不同领域的管理经验,提高护士情绪智力,降低工作场所欺凌事件的发生.     

Life stress,emotional reactivity and their relation to plasma lipids in employed women

The few studies exploring the association of chronic life stress with plasma lipid levels have yielded inconsistent results. However, these levels have been more consistently associated with the individual's state of emotional arousal. This study examined whether women prone to sustained emotional arousal in the face of emotional events would manifest elevated plasma lipid levels when exposed to chronic life stress. Subjects were 941 employed women free of medical factors potentially affecting plasma lipids. Proneness was measured by the emotional reactivity (ER) scale. Multiple regression analyses indicated that lipid levels were related neither to life stress nor to the life stress × ER interaction. However, ER was negatively related to HDL (p = 0.041) and positively to cholesterol/HDL (p = 0.006) and LDL (p = 0.063), even after adjusting for several possible confounders. Furthermore, women who scored in the upper third of the ER scale showed the highest proportion of ‘high-risk’ LDL and cholesterol/HDL levels. These findings indicate that it is not reported life stress, but the propensity to experience sustained emotional arousal that is associated with chronic plasma lipid elevation.     

The emotional intelligence of surgical residents: a descriptive study

BACKGROUND: We assessed educational needs with regard to leadership, communication, and emotional intelligence (EI) among surgical residents. METHODS: General surgery residents (n = 74) were examined using the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) and a 20-item survey. RESULTS: Residents believed that leadership skills were important (mean 4.7, SD .5) and that they had skills in each the five EI areas (overall mean 4.1, SD .8). Both the overall group's EQ-i scores (mean 106.6, SD 11.6), as well as scores on the 20 components of the EQ-i (range of means 102-110), were higher than national norms. Individuals varied substantially on EQ-i subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical residents believed that leadership skills are important and scored strongly on both an EI self-assessment and the EQ-i. Specific individual differences in subscale scores can potentially identify areas for direct educational intervention.     

The stability of emotional symptoms among disaster victims in a developing country

This stability of emotional distress following a major disaster in Colombia was evaluated in a 2-year follow-up of a representative subsample of 40 adult victims of the Armero disaster in Colombia. The utilization of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire indicated an increase of emotional distress from 55% to 78%. However, the mean neurotic subscale score, the most frequent neurotic symptoms, the strongest predictors of emotional distress, and the symptom-profiles of distressed victims were essentially the same.     

Age differences in strain and emotional reactivity to stressors in professional careers

While age differences of workers gain increasing importance because of demographic changes in most industrialized countries, age differences in stress experience and resistance have been rarely addressed. In this initial empirical study, we explore the general relationship of age and strain as a function of three processes: (1) older workers might experience less strain because of better coping strategies; (2) older workers might experience more strain because of higher vulnerability; or (3) age and strain might be curvilinearly related with highest strain reported by middle‐age workers. Using both general and experience‐based measures, strain and emotional reactivity to stressful job events were reported by 274 workers aged between 18 and 65 years. Results showed an inverted U‐shaped relationship between age and strain experience. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

护理人员情绪劳动现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解护理人员情绪劳动的现状及其影响因素,为护理管理者实施相关干预提高工作效率提供参考。方法采用护士情绪劳动量表、工作压力反应量表及工作满意度量表,对195名护理人员进行问卷调查。结果护士情绪劳动总得分为(49.87±12.77)分,得分率59.37%。年龄、所在科室、工作年限、班次、对专业的兴趣、对专业的前景态度影响护士情况劳动得分(P0.05,P0.01)。情绪劳动与工作压力反应得分呈正相关,与工作满意度呈负相关(均P0.01)。影响护士情绪劳动得分的独立因素包括工作压力、所在科室。结论护理人员情绪劳动处于中等偏高水平,尤其是工作压力反应较大的科室护士,有必要采取有效的干预措施进行干预。     

Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress,health and performance

This study builds on earlier work (Slaski & Cartwright, 2002), examining the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) as a moderator in the stress process. A sample of UK managers (n = 60) were given training in emotional intelligence. Pre and post measures were taken relating to EI, stress and health and management performance. The study also incorporated a matched control group. It was found that training resulted in increased EI and improved health and well being. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The emotional motor system and micturition control

Micturition is, similar to all other movements of the body, the result of activation of the motor system in the central nervous system. This review explains how the brain and brainstem control micturition. The basic reflex system begins with a distinct cell group called Gert's Nucleus (GN) in the sacral cord. GN receives information about bladder contents via A‐δ fibers from the bladder and bladder sphincter and relays this information to the central part of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), but not to the thalamus. The PAG, in turn, in case of substantial bladder filling, excites the pontine micturition center (PMC), which cell group, via its long descending pathways to the sacral cord, induces micturition. Higher brain regions in prefrontal cortex and limbic system, by means of its projections to the PAG are able to interrupt this basic reflex system. It allows the individual to postpone micturition until time and place are appropriate. Lesions in the pathways from prefrontal cortex and limbic system to the PAG probably cause urge‐incontinence in the elderly. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 42–48, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Participant experiences of a written emotional disclosure intervention in asthma

Stress has been associated with the exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Written emotional disclosure (WED) is a potentially cheap, low‐risk intervention that may reduce stress and improve lung function in patients with asthma. The aims of this study were to explore asthma patients' subjective experiences of completing a WED exercise and the feasibility of conducting the intervention unsupervised in participants' homes. The data were collected during the pilot for a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of WED in adults with asthma. Thirty‐six participants completed the writing exercises, and 28 participants (13 experimental subjects and 15 controls) provided free‐text feedback on their experiences of completing the writing exercises. Framework analysis identified four themes in the participants' experiences: writing encouraged reflection; the challenge of the writing exercise; emotional reactions; and perceived impact. The feedback highlighted the need to control for previous experience of WED and time of day in any future studies exploring the effect of WED. The WED intervention was feasible to implement within the participants' homes without researcher supervision. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on the relationship between empathy and emotional intelligence in nursing undergraduates

目的 了解护理本科生共情状况及其与情绪智力的关系.方法 采用一般资料问卷、大学生共情量表和中文版情绪智力问卷(ESCQ)对351名护理本科生进行调查.结果 护理本科生的共情总分为99.94±12.06,不同特征(除家庭月收入外)护生共情各维度得分存在差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).情绪智力总分为109.26±13.60;ESCQ的情绪认知、情绪表现和情绪调节维度与共情各维度及总分呈不同程度的显著相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 护生共情能力总体水平较高,在情绪智力上的总体表现尚好,其共情能力与情绪智力之间具有一定相关性,护理教育者应针对两者的共同点,寻找合理恰当的教育对策,在已有基础上继续培养,以提升护理本科生综合素质.     

护理本科生共情与情绪智力关系的研究

目的了解护理本科生共情状况及其与情绪智力的关系。方法采用一般资料问卷、大学生共情量表和中文版情绪智力问卷(ESCQ)对351名护理本科生进行调查。结果护理本科生的共情总分为99.94±12.06,不同特征(除家庭月收入外)护生共情各维度得分存在差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。情绪智力总分为109.26±13.60;ESCQ的情绪认知、情绪表现和情绪调节维度与共情各维度及总分呈不同程度的显著相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论护生共情能力总体水平较高,在情绪智力上的总体表现尚好,其共情能力与情绪智力之间具有一定相关性,护理教育者应针对两者的共同点,寻找合理恰当的教育对策,在已有基础上继续培养,以提升护理本科生综合素质。     

Daily stressors facilitate giving and receiving of emotional support in adulthood

The aims of the present study were to examine whether daily stressors are associated with engagement in emotional support and whether these associations differ by gender. Analyses were conducted using Wave 2 of Midlife in the United States data and its subproject National Study of Daily Experiences. The sample consisted of adults aged 33 to 84 (N = 1,622). Using multinomial multilevel analysis, we looked at the associations between lagged and concurrent daily stressors with engagement in emotional support. For concurrent associations, people who experienced stressors were more likely to both give and receive, solely give, and solely receive emotional support compared with those who did not have any stressors. Women were more likely to engage in both giving and receiving of emotional support compared with men when they experienced stressors during the same day. In terms of the lagged associations, both men and women who experienced stressors during the previous day were more likely to both give and receive emotional support the next day compared with those who did not experience any stressors during the previous day. These results suggest that experiencing daily stressors facilitates giving and receiving of emotional support at daily level in adulthood.     

Differences in hormonal responses to preoperative emotional stress between preschool and school children

Background: The behavior of children under emotional stress differs according to whether they are of preschool or school age.
Methods: To examine the effect of age on hormonal responses to preoperative emotional stress, we measured the concentrations of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and cortisol in 56 healthy boys before surgery.
Results: Among preschool boys (3–5 years old), those showing anxious behavior showed significantly higher cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline concentrations in the blood circulation than those not showing such behavior ( P <0.0001, P <0.0001 and P <0.005, respectively). However, among the schoolboys (6–11 years old), anxiety was associated only with the cortisol concentration ( P <0.01)
Conclusions: Hormonal responses to preoperative emotional stress in preschool boys differ from those in schoolboys.